2010 年福建华侨大学英语语言文学考研真题 Part I Translate the following passage into Chinese:40 points In sociology,the word"theory"is used much as it is used in everyday life.The Shorter Oxyford Dictionary has a large space to offer several definitions of the term,including one which might suit more precisely an academic discipline such as sociology:"A scheme or system of ideas or statements held as an explanation or account of a group of facts or phenomena;...a statement of what are held to be the general laws,principles,or causes of something known or observed".In sociology the phenomena to be observed,quite obviously,are social phenomena,that is,its theory focuses on the relationships and interaction(othe-related practices)between human beings: Theory in sociology includes any intentionally constructed set of statements which can meet the following criteria: (1)They must be abstract,that is,they must be separated from the social practices which they address.Theory usually achieves abstraction by the development of special and technical concepts which│are used only within the sociological community. (2)They must be logically consistent.The statements must not contradict one another and,if possible,should be deducible from one another. (3)They must be explanatory.Theory must constitute a thesis or argument about social phenomena which can account for their form,or substance,or existence. (4)They must be general.They must,in principle,apply to,and be able to account for any and all instances of the phenomena which they seek to explain. (5)They must be independent.They must not be reducible to the explanations participants themselves offer for their own behaviour. (6)They must be substantively valid.They must be consistent with what is known about the social world both by its participants and by sociologists and other social scientists.At a minimum there must be"rules of translation"which can connect the theory with other bodies of knowledge. Part I Translate the following passage into English:35 points 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道、受业、解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑?惑而不从 师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎卉，吾从而师之;生乎吾后，其闻道 

也亦先乎吾，书从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱，无长无 少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎!师道之不传也久矣!欲人之无惑也难矣!古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉; 今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人 之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎? PartⅢI Writing:75 points T here are frequent occasions in our life when we ought to say"sorry"to somebody else for our speech or deeds.Does apology merely amounts to the loss of one's face?Please write a composition of no less than 400 words on this topic.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar the instructions may result in a loss of marks.Suggested title:On Apology in Our Life appropriateness.Failure and to follow