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5G与4G的不同点是怎么体现的，通过专业技术手段讲解.docx

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    What is 5 G ? "I don't know -:)." was the answer to this question when I first wrote this page in mid 2013 and the answer hasn't changed until the mid 2016. From late 2016 many things started happening in 3GPP and now (Mar 2017) we got several TRs (38.801, 38.802, 38.803, 38.804) that describes the details of technical requirement to be specified in formal NR(5G) specification, meaning that now we know what 5G (NR) will look like in pretty much detail. If you want to get the formal 3GPP definition right away, just jump to Formal (3GPP) Definition but I will keep all of the other definitions as well in case when you are interested in tracking down what kind of vision multiple major players had and how those visions has been consolidated into the formal definition (requirement). Nothing about 5G is defined officially in any standard organization as of now. However there are several organization that describes key technical component or key performance indicator (KPI) that may envision on what 5G will be like. I would put the list of features from several different organization.   Initial Definition Formal (3GPP) Definition  Build Up Intuition on 5G  Definition by METIS  Definition by 5GNOW  Definition by SKT  Definition by 4G America  Definition by NTT DOCOMO Initial Definition
    When the first talk about 5G started and some of prototyping test result came out, the focus was mainly around throughput. (This kind of focus hasn't been changed much until mid 2013) At least, one thing for sure will be that the data rate will be at least several G bps. (The final goal of 4G data rate is 1 Ghz and we still have a long way to go to achieve this 1Gb rate). By now (as of Nov 2015), you may see a couple of dozen whitepapers about the 5G. If you read through all of these whitepapers, you would notice that the key concepts they claim in the documents are almost same. Personally, I would recommend you to read through the documents from METIS. I think METIS documents are by far the most extensive and most in-depth. The only problem is that those documents are too thick :) Followings are some of my personsl keywords about the 5G reading through most of these papers. Keywords Description Extremly High Data By far, we don't know yet (as of Nov 2015) what would be the maximum Rate throughput. But I think it will be targeted to be at least around 10 Gbps. Just achieving the extermly low throughput has no technical problem. But critical Extremly Low Data technological issue is that achieving the extremely low data rate with extremly low Rate cost and extremely low energy (battery) consumption. Refer toMTC criteria for the details. Extremly Low Latency We don't know yet (as of Nov 2015) what would be the target latency. But by far, around 1 ms latency are the most commonly mentioned number. (In terms of subframe length, it would be around 100us or 200 us)
    Super High Frequency Super Wide Bandwidth The words 'High Frequency' or 'Low Frequency' can be misleading because it would be a relative concept, but I say 'Super High Frequency' comparing to current cellular communication frequency (mostly under 3 Ghz). By far (as of Nov 2015), the most frequently commented frequenty blocks are 6 Ghz, 15 Ghz, 20~30Ghz and the highest frequency being tried is a little bit over 70 Ghz. The words 'Wide Bandwidth' or 'Narrow Bandwidth' can be misleading because it would be a relative concept, but I say 'Super Wide Bandwidth' comparing to current cellular communication bandwidth (100 MHz, ideal max in 4G). The most commonly mentioned bandwidths are 160 Mhz, 400 Mhz, 800 Mhz. Currently the widest bandwidth being mentioned are 2 Ghz bandwidth. Softwares as much Many components in core network would be software based and with this it would as possible become very flexible and accomdate news features in short time frame Formal (3GPP) Definition Recently (as of Jun 2016) there has been a couple of RAN meeting with major focus on 5G and several official technical terms has been defined. The first thing to be defined would be 'what is the name that refers to the whole 5G technology ?'. As we call 4G as LTE, there must be similar name for 5G. What is it ? At least for now, the official name for 5G is NR that stands for New Radio. (I already see many people saying NR is not a proper name because 5G does not refers only to Radio Technology.. but anyway for now, NR is the official term. Then what is official definition of NR. Since there is no single line official definition for LTE, there is no single line official definition for NR. But in my personal definition, I would say 'NR is a collection of technology from Physical layer to Core Network that
    need to achieve the followiing three major feature (requirement) as illustrated below. The term shown in this diagrams are also formal 3GPP terms and you will see these terms in most of the 3GPP documents on NR. So it would be good for you to get familiar with these terminologies. Build up Intuition on 5G Before you read, just enjoy these video clips and let your brain build up its own intuition(Insight).  World's first 5G mobile 'device'  Millimeter Wave Technology for 5G
    Definition by METIS More organized and formal definition can be made from METIS which were proposed in Aug, 2013. Even though METIS does not put forth explicit 'definition', it proposes several KPI (Key Performance Indicator). I think we can say "A communication system satisfying the METIS KPI can be categorized as 5G". Following is the list of KIPs and test cases performing the measurement of KPIs proposed by METIS. (Refer to D1.1 and D2.1 METIS document for details) Technical Requirement proposed by METIS to meet 5G goal are :   10-100 times higher typical user data rate, where in a dense urban environment the typical user data rate will range from 1Gbit/s to 10Gbit/s; 1,000 times more mobile data per area (per user), where the volume per area (per user) will be over 100 Gbps/km2;  Support for 10-100 times more connected devices;  10 times longer battery life for low-power massive machine communications where machines such as sensors or pagers will have a battery life of a decade;
     Support of ultra-fast application response times, where the end-to-end latency will be less than 5ms with high reliability;  Ability to fulfil these requirements under a similar cost and energy dissipation per area as in today 抯 cellular systems. Definition by 5GNOW 5GNOW does not decribe much about high level definition or use model of 5G. I guess any 5G high level definition fall into the scope of METIS definition/use model. 5GNOW discuss more on lower level impelmentation of 5G. Key implementation Item discussed/proposed by 5GNOW is as follows. After I've read most of 5GNOW Deliverable document, the key words that pop-up consitantly in my mind are  Asynchronous  Bursty low data rate transmission  Enhanced PRACH Think on your own why these would be issues and then refer to 5GNOW Deliverable Documents. Definition by SKT
    Following came from the white paper issued by SKT (SK Telecom, South Korea) Following table also comes from SKT WhitePaper . To be honest, I am not sure how much of these items will be eventually adopted by the industry standard, but I think this can be a good list of starting points if you want to do some more detailed research on specific technologies for future communication. I recommend you to read the original WhitePaper a couple of times and search the related document (e.g, Related Paper and Thesis for each items) 1. Realistic UX and 5G Contents Process Object/space Recognition objects and spaces by a camera or Fast Recognition of surrounding sensors Display(Rendering) of an object in Real Time Rendering and Display realtime recognized by glass or HMD Reconstructing a real image of an Real Time Hologram Processing object with 360 degree field of view in 3D space
    2. Efficient Processing & Transmission of Tactile Multimedia MMT(MPEG Media Transport) minimize latency in media a special MPEG technology to transmission in All-IP network Multimedia Coding Technique for efficient creation/transmission of High Efficiency Multimedia Coding realistic 3D multimeidia contents (e.g, MVC : Multi-view Video Encoding) Dynamic Allocation and Cloud-based Computing, Caching and Orchestration of cloud resource and Orchastration caching to process realistic high volume multimedia 3. Cloud-based All-IP Network and Service Platform NFV-based Virtualied Core Network Operation Techniques to build the cloud by virtualizing a standard hardware and operate a range of networ/service functions on the software-based network. Techniques to centralize and virtualize DU(Digital Unit) of a base Virtualized RAN station into a standard HW based SDN and integrated Orchestraion cloud and process RAN signals in real time. Effective control and lifecycle management of the software-based network services from a centralized & unified network service
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