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Vagrant：Up.and.Running(2013.5)].Mitchell.Hashimoto.文字版.pdf

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    Copyright
    Table of Contents
    Foreword
    Preface
    Conventions Used in This Book
    Using Code Examples
    Safari® Books Online
    How to Contact Us
    Acknowledgements
    Chapter 1. An Introduction to Vagrant
    Why Vagrant?
    The Tao of Vagrant
    Alternatives to Vagrant
    Plain Desktop Virtualization
    Containers
    Cloud
    Setting Up Vagrant
    Installing VirtualBox
    Installing Vagrant
    Common Mistakes
    Using Vagrant Without VirtualBox
    Help!
    Chapter 2. Your First Vagrant Machine
    Up and Running
    The Vagrantfile
    V1 versus V2 Configuration
    Boxes
    Up
    Working with the Vagrant Machine
    State of the Vagrant Machine
    SSH
    Shared Filesystem
    Basic Networking
    Teardown
    What’s Next?
    Chapter 3. Provisioning Your Vagrant VM
    Why Automated Provisioning?
    Supported Provisioners
    Manually Setting Up Apache
    Automated Provisioner Basics
    Shell Scripts
    Chef
    Puppet
    Multiple Provisioners
    “No Provision” Mode
    In-Depth Provisioner Usage
    Shell Scripts
    Chef Server
    Puppet
    What’s Next?
    Chapter 4. Networking in Vagrant
    Forwarded Ports
    Pros and Cons
    Basic Usage
    Collision Detection and Correction
    TCP versus UDP
    Host-Only Networking
    Pros and Cons
    Basic Usage
    Guest Operating System Dependency
    Bridged Networking
    Pros and Cons
    Basic Usage
    Composing Networking Options
    NAT Requirement As the First Network Interface
    What’s Next?
    Chapter 5. Modeling Multimachine Clusters
    Running Multiple Virtual Machines
    Controlling Multiple Machines
    Communication Between Machines
    Host-Only Networks
    Bridged Networks
    Real Example: MySQL
    What’s Next?
    Chapter 6. Boxes
    Why Boxes?
    Box Format
    Basic Box Management with Vagrant
    Creating New Boxes from an Existing Environment
    Creating New Boxes from Scratch
    Creating the VirtualBox Machine
    Configuring the Operating System
    Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions
    Additional Software
    Minimizing the Final Box Size
    Packaging It Up
    Setting Vagrantfile Defaults
    What’s Next?
    Chapter 7. Extending Vagrant with Plug-Ins
    Extensible Features
    Managing Vagrant Plug-Ins
    Plug-In Development Basics
    Plug-In Definition
    Plug-In Components
    Error Handling
    Vagrant Internals
    A Basic Plug-In Development Environment
    Developing a Custom Command
    Component
    Implementation
    Working with the Virtual Machine
    Working with Multimachine Environments
    Parsing Command-Line Options
    Adding New Configuration Options
    Component
    Implementation
    Accessing the Configuration
    Configuration Merging
    Validation
    Adding a Custom Provisioner
    Component
    Implementation
    Provisioner Configuration
    Configuring the Machine
    Modifying Existing Vagrant Behavior
    Component
    Implementation
    Useful Keys in the Action Environment
    Learning More
    Other Plug-In Components
    Packaging the Plug-In
    Appendix A. Vagrant Environmental Variables
    VAGRANT_CWD
    VAGRANT_HOME
    VAGRANT_LOG
    VAGRANT_NO_PLUGINS
    VAGRANT_VAGRANTFILE
    Appendix B. Vagrant Configuration Reference
    Appendix C. Troubleshooting and Debugging
    IRC
    Mailing List/Google Group
    Professional Support
    Index
    About the Author
    Vagrant: Up and Running Mitchell Hashimoto
    Vagrant: Up and Running by Mitchell Hashimoto Copyright © 2013 Mitchell Hashimoto. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/ institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editors: Mike Loukides and Courtney Nash Production Editor: Kristen Borg Proofreader: Jasmine Kwityn Indexer: Fred Brown Cover Designer: Randy Comer Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest June 2013: First Edition Revision History for the First Edition: 2013-05-28: First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449335830 for release details. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Vagrant: Up and Running, the image of a blue rock pigeon, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trade‐ mark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN: 978-1-449-33583-0 [LSI]
    Table of Contents Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1. An Introduction to Vagrant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Why Vagrant? 2 The Tao of Vagrant 4 Alternatives to Vagrant 5 Plain Desktop Virtualization 5 Containers 5 Cloud 6 Setting Up Vagrant 6 Installing VirtualBox 7 Installing Vagrant 7 Common Mistakes 13 Using Vagrant Without VirtualBox 13 Help! 14 2. Your First Vagrant Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Up and Running 15 The Vagrantfile 17 V1 versus V2 Configuration 19 Boxes 20 Up 21 Working with the Vagrant Machine 23 State of the Vagrant Machine 24 SSH 24 Shared Filesystem 25 Basic Networking 26 Teardown 28 iii
    What’s Next? 32 3. Provisioning Your Vagrant VM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Why Automated Provisioning? 36 Supported Provisioners 37 Manually Setting Up Apache 38 Automated Provisioner Basics 41 Shell Scripts 42 Chef 43 Puppet 45 Multiple Provisioners 47 “No Provision” Mode 48 In-Depth Provisioner Usage 48 Shell Scripts 48 Chef Server 49 Puppet 50 What’s Next? 53 4. Networking in Vagrant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Forwarded Ports 55 Pros and Cons 56 Basic Usage 56 Collision Detection and Correction 57 TCP versus UDP 57 Host-Only Networking 57 Pros and Cons 58 Basic Usage 58 Guest Operating System Dependency 59 Bridged Networking 59 Pros and Cons 60 Basic Usage 60 Composing Networking Options 62 NAT Requirement As the First Network Interface 63 What’s Next? 63 5. Modeling Multimachine Clusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Running Multiple Virtual Machines 66 Controlling Multiple Machines 68 Communication Between Machines 69 Host-Only Networks 69 Bridged Networks 70 Real Example: MySQL 70 iv | Table of Contents
    What’s Next? 72 6. Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Why Boxes? 73 Box Format 74 Basic Box Management with Vagrant 75 Creating New Boxes from an Existing Environment 76 Creating New Boxes from Scratch 78 Creating the VirtualBox Machine 78 Configuring the Operating System 79 Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions 80 Additional Software 80 Minimizing the Final Box Size 81 Packaging It Up 81 Setting Vagrantfile Defaults 82 What’s Next? 83 7. Extending Vagrant with Plug-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Extensible Features 85 Managing Vagrant Plug-Ins 86 Plug-In Development Basics 87 Plug-In Definition 87 Plug-In Components 89 Error Handling 90 Vagrant Internals 91 A Basic Plug-In Development Environment 91 Developing a Custom Command 94 Component 94 Implementation 95 Working with the Virtual Machine 96 Working with Multimachine Environments 99 Parsing Command-Line Options 100 Adding New Configuration Options 101 Component 101 Implementation 102 Accessing the Configuration 103 Configuration Merging 104 Validation 107 Adding a Custom Provisioner 107 Component 108 Implementation 108 Provisioner Configuration 110 Table of Contents | v
    Configuring the Machine 112 Modifying Existing Vagrant Behavior 113 Component 113 Implementation 114 Useful Keys in the Action Environment 116 Learning More 117 Other Plug-In Components 118 Packaging the Plug-In 118 A. Vagrant Environmental Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 B. Vagrant Configuration Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 C. Troubleshooting and Debugging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 vi | Table of Contents
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