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2016年专业英语八级考试真题及答案.doc
2016 年专业英语八级考试真题及答案
PART I
SECTION A
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE
ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on
ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use
the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes
to check your work.
SECTION B
INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO
parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said.
Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question
there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices
of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.
Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part
One of the interview.
1.
A. Maggie’s university life.
B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.
C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.
D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.
2.
A. They take exams in the same weeks.
B. They have similar lecture notes.
C. They apply for the same internship.
D. They follow the same fashion.
3.
A. Having roommates.
B. Practicing court trails.
C. Studying together.
D. Taking notes by hand.
4.
A. Protection.
B. Imagination.
C. Excitement.
D. Encouragement.
5.
A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.
B. Occasional interference from Mom.
C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.
D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.
Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part
Two of the interview.
6.
A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.
B. Because parents love to return to college.
C. Because kids require their parents to do so.
D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.
7.
A. Real estate agent.
B. Financier.
C. Lawyer.
D. Teacher.
8.
A. Delighted.
B. Excited.
C. Bored.
D. Frustrated.
9.
A. How to make a cake.
B. How to make omelets.
C. To accept what is taught.
D. To plan a future career.
10. A. Unsuccessful.
B. Gradual.
C. Frustrating.
D. Passionate.
SECTION A
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions.
For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and
D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
(1)There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his
blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the
champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving
from the tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his
two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes（滑水板）over
cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing
parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight,
while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And
on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with
scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night
before.
(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in
New York – every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid
of pulpless halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice
of two hundred oranges in half an hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred
times by a butler’s thumb.
(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred
feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous
garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）, spiced
baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys
bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up,
and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials（加香甜酒）so long forgotten
that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.
(4)By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived – no thin five-piece affair but
a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and
piccolos and low and high drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now
and are dressing upstairs; the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive,
and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair
shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. The bar is in
full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside until the
air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions
forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each
other’s names.
(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now the
orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key
higher. Laughter is easier, minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out
at a cheerful word.
(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form
in the same breath – already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here
and there among the stouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the
center of a group and then excited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of
faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light.
(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of
the air, dumps it down for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone
on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm
obligingly for her and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around
that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Folies. The party has begun.
(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the
few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited – they went there.
They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island and somehow they ended
up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby,
and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior
associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met
Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket
of admission.
(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early
that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer – the honor
would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party” that
night. He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but
a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it – signed Jay Gatsby in
a majestic hand.
(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven
and wandered around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’
t know – though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train.
I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well
dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in low earnest voices to solid
and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or
insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the easy money
in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.
(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three
people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied
so vehemently any knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of
the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger
without looking purposeless and alone.
PART II
READING COMPREHENSION
11. It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.
A. entertained guests from everywhere every weekend
B. invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekends
C. liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehicles
D. indulged himself in parties with people from everywhere
12. In Para.4, the word “permeate” probably means ______.
A. perish
B. push
C. penetrate
D. perpetrate
13. It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.
A. guests need to know Gatsby in order to attend his parties
B. people somehow ended up in Gatsby’s house as guests
C. Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guests
D. guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner
14. According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby’s party.
A. dizzy
B. dreadful
C. furious
D. awkward
15. What can be concluded from Para.11 about Gatsby?
A. He was not expected to be present at the parties.
B. He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.
C. He was usually out of the house at the weekend.
D. He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.
PASSAGE TWO
(1)The Term“CYBERSPACE”was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer.
He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later
in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled
computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a
consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators”
and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer
in the human system.”
(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先见之明的）.
Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic
cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions
of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have
brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s
collective store of knowledge every day.
(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches
are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost,
mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target,
whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months
after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions
of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details.
Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace,
have also been hit.
(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions.
Wider concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance
carried out by Western intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor
to America’s National Security Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of
cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of
warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release
earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security
dangers” the country is facing.
(5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was
designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it
to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affiliated with
America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus
programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research
firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on
information security.
(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk
about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient.
Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online,
shop at virtual stores, swap gossip and photos with their friends on social networks
and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and
governments are shifting ever more services online.
(7)But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting
both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online
industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the
Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost
of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion – a sum roughly
equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.
(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists
or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control
vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and
communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One
precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges（离心机）at a nuclear facility
in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.
(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies
and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data
and trade secrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life
tougher for the cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number
of things can be done to keep everyone safer than they are now.
(10)One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right.
All too often breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate
systems containing sensitive data from those that do not need access to them.
Companies also need to get better at anticipating where attacks may be coming from
and at adapting their defences swiftly in response to new threats. Technology can
help, as can industry initiatives that allow firms to share intelligence about risks
with each other.
(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be
they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the
companies that manage internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for
identifying and helping to clean up computers infected with malicious software.
Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer
flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.
(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority
to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the
next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical
equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make
them more useful. Dubbed“the internet of things”, this is already making it possible,
for example, to control home appliances using smartphone apps and to monitor medical
devices remotely.
(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet
of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of
people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used
to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders.
It has grown up with a vengeance.
16. Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.
A. a function only legitimate computer operators have
B. a representation of data from the human system
C. an important element stored in the human system
D. an illusion held by the common computer users
17. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four
paragraphs?
A. Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.
B. Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.
C. Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.
D. Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.
18. According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace
security are ______.
A. controversial
B. complimentary
C. contradictory
D. congruent
19. What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.
B. The Origin of Cyber Crime.
C. How to Deal with Cyber Crime.
D. The Definition of Cyber Crime.
PASSAGE THREE
(1)You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and
universities that the last bastion of excellence in American education is being
gutted by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education
is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot through with waste, lax academic standards
and mediocre teaching and scholarship.
(2)True, the economic pressures – from the Ivy League to state systems – are
intense. Last year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts
to stay within their budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans
argue) that relieving those pressures merely by raising tuitions and cutting courses
will make matters worse. Students will pay more and get less. The university
presidents and deans want to be spared from further government budget cuts. Their
case is weak.
(3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little
teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved
without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should
shrink. Some should go out of business. Consider:
Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent of
freshmen at four-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice
schools. Roughly 20 percent go to their second choices. Most schools have
eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues (tuition and state
subsidies).
Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recent
study of PhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates
for doctoral candidates.
The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising because
college standards have apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found
widespread grade inflation. In 1963, half of the students in introductory
philosophy courses got a B – or worse. By 1986, only 21 percent did. If elite
schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost surely widespread.
Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In major
universities, senior faculty members often do less than two hours a day of
teaching. Professors are “socialized to publish, teach graduate students
and spend as little time teaching (undergraduates) as possible,” concludes
James Fairweather of Penn State University in a new study. Faculty pay
consistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.
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