Microstrip Patch Antennas:
A Designer's Guide
Microstrip Patch Antennas: 
A Designer's Guide 
Dr R. B. Waterhouse 
RMIT University 
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 
.t Electronic Services  < http://www.wkap.nl > 
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication 
Waterhouse,  R.B.  (Rodney B.) 
Microstrip patch antennas:  a designer's guide / R.B.  Waterhouse. 
p.cm. 
Inludes bibliographical references. 
1. Microstrip antennas.  1.  Title 
TK7871.67.M5  W38 2003 
621.382'4--dc21 
2002041376 
ISBN 978-1-4419-5338-4 
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-3791-2 
ISBN 978-1-4757-3791-2 (eBook) 
Copyright © 2003 by Springer Science+Business Media New York 
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003. 
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2003 
AlI  rights reserved.  No part of this publication may be reproduced,  stored in a retrieval 
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, 
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publisher,  with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being 
entered and  executed  on  a computer  system,  for  exclusive  use  by  the  purchaser  of the 
work. 
Permissions for books published in the USA:  perrn; ss; ODs@wkap  corn 
Permissions for  books published in Europe:  permissions@wkap.nl 
Printed on acid-free paper. 
Dedication
This book is dedicated to my wife Dalma; without her love,
inspiration and support this work would not have been possible.
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
History
Advantages and Issues
Applications
Summary of Book
Bibliography
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Chapter 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Chapter 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
1
1
7
10
16
19
Fundamental Properties
Layer Microstrip Patch Antennas
of Single
21
Introduction
21
General Theory of Operation and Design Tools
22
26
The Effect of Conductor Shape
Impedance and Radiation Performance of Single
Layer Patches
Excitation Methods of Microstrip Patches
Circular Polarization Generation
Summary
Bibliography
31
35
60
64
65
Enhancing
Microstrip Patch Antennas
the
Bandwidth
Introduction
Intuitive Procedures
Horizontally Coupled Parasitic Patches
Stacked Patches
Large Slot Excited Patches
Aperture Stacked Patches
Ultra-wideband ASPs
of
69
69
70
75
83
111
123
150
3.8
3.9
Summary
Bibliography
162
164
Chapter 4
Improving the Efficiency of Microstrip
167
Patch Antennas
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Introduction
Surface Waves
Patches that do not Excite TMo Surface Waves
167
168
Hi-Io Stacked Patches
Photonic Band-gap Structures
Summary
Bibliography
169
178
182
193
194
Chapter 5
Small Microstrip Patch Antennas
197
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
197
Introduction
Shorted Microstrip Patches
202
Further Size Reduction Techniques for Shorted
Patches
216
219
Winged Shorted Patch
226
Shorted Spiral Patches
Shorted
Improving
Microstrip Patches
231
Performance
Patch
Antennas for Mobile Communications Handsets
262
at 1800 MHz
Summary
272
274
Bibliography
of Shorted Microstrip
the
Performances
of
Chapter 6
Direct
Antennas
Integration
of Microstrip
277
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Overview for Requirements for Integration
Slot Coupled Procedures and Solutions
Direct Contact Procedures and Solutions
Summary
277
283
309
323
6.5
Bibliography
Chapter 7
Microstrip Patch Arrays
324
327
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
Introduction
327
Series Fed Arrays
328
ParaUel Fed Arrays
330
Combination Fed Arrays
361
Large Scanned Arrays of Microstrip Patches 364
to Large Arrays of Microstrip
Alternatives
382
Patches
Wraparound Patch Antenna Arrays
394
407
Summary
Bibliography
409
Chapter 8
Summary
413
8.1
8.2
8.3
Overview
413
Future Directions of Microstrip Patch Technology
413
414
Bibliography