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SE2 Challenge Team SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML ISSUE 1 Name Date Signature

SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML / 1 Page 2 [could not find document date]

SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML / 1 Page 3 [could not find document date] Authors Name Affiliation Change Record Issue Date Section / Paragraph affected Reason / Initiation Documents / Remarks

SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML / 1 Page 4 [could not find document date] Table of Contents I. MBSE in Telescope Modelling ................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 2. Project Description ......................................................................................................... 7 3. MBSE Challenge Goals .................................................................................................. 8 4. Model Structure and Overview ........................................................................................ 9 5. APE Model Structure Pattern ........................................................................................ 10 5.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10 5.2. Overview Diagrams ........................................................................................... 10 5.3. Aspects ............................................................................................................. 12 5.4. Objectives and Requirements ............................................................................. 12 5.5. Context ............................................................................................................. 14 5.6. System Structure ............................................................................................... 16 5.7. Behavior ............................................................................................................ 17 5.8. Data .................................................................................................................. 18 5.9. Verification ........................................................................................................ 20 6. Model Library and Systems-Engineering Profile .............................................................. 21 7. Modeling Challenges .................................................................................................... 22 7.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 22 7.2. Notation: Connection of Nested Blocks ............................................................... 22 7.3. Model ................................................................................................................ 23 7.4. Tool .................................................................................................................. 23 7.5. Methodology ...................................................................................................... 23 7.6. Configuration and Quality Control ....................................................................... 24 8. Experiences from a New Project - E-ELT Telescope Control System ............................... 25 9. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 28 10. References ................................................................................................................. 29 II. Recipes and best Practices .................................................................................................. 30 11. Tool support ............................................................................................................... 31 11.1. Templates for Model Structure .......................................................................... 31

SE2 Challenge Team Part I. MBSE in Telescope Modelling

SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML / 1 Page 6 [could not find document date] Chapter 1. Introduction In the framework of INCOSE's strategic initiative, the Systems Engineering Vision 2020, one of the main areas of focus is model-based systems engineering. In keeping with this emphasis, the European Southern Observatory (ESO; http://www.eso.org/ [ http://www.eso.org/]) is collaborating with the German Chapter of INCOSE (http://www.gfse.de/) in the form of an "MBSE Challenge" team. The team's task is to demonstrate solutions to challenging problems using MBSE. The Active Phasing Experiment (APE; see Gonte et al. 2004), a European Union Framework Program 6 project, was chosen as the subject of the SE^2 Challenge Team (http://mbse.gfse.de/). Many technical products in the telescope domain show an increasing integration of mechanics with electronics, information processing, and also optics, and can therefore be rightly considered as optomechatronic systems. This article presents the results of model-based systems engineering using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML; see Ogren 2000), drawing on experiences within the MBSE Challenge project and also the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) project. For the former project, SysML models were created by reverse engineering from existing documentation and from interviews with systems engineers, whereas for the latter project, the practices were applied to a new system. We will make use of Ingmar Ogren's concept of a common project model (Ogren 2000) to establish a common understanding of the system.

SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML / 1 Page 7 [could not find document date] Chapter 2. Project Description Our system case study is the Active Phasing Experiment technology demonstrator for the future European Extremely Large Telescope, which is a high-tech, interdisciplinary optomechatronic system in operation at the Paranal observatory (see ESO 2009). The next generation of telescopes needs to collect significantly more light than older models, therefore requiring bigger reflecting surfaces that consist of many individual mirror segments. Due to different disturbances (such as vibrations, wind, and gravity), the segments must be actively controlled to get a continuous mirror surface with a phasing error of only a few nanometers over the main mirror's diameter of 42 m. The main challenge is to correctly detect the positioning errors of the segments via specific phasing sensors in order to create a continuous mirror surface. APE was developed to evaluate those sensors, and was installed on one of the 8 m telescopes that constitutes part of the Very Large Telescope in Chile (VLT) for sky tests. APE can be seen as the black box in Figure 2.1, “Active Phasing Experiment at the Very Large Telescope” . For the installation it had to comply with various mechanical, electrical, optical, and software interfaces. APE consists of about two hundred sensors and actuators such as wheels, translation stages, lenses, detectors, mirrors, light sources, an interferometer, and twelve computing nodes for control. Since APE had to be deployed in the test lab and in an already existing telescope, for each context it was necessary to model variants of function, interfaces, and structure. All of these characteristics made APE well suited to evaluate the potential of SysML in tackling similar issues. Figure 2.1. Active Phasing Experiment at the Very Large Telescope

SE2 Cookbook for MBSE with SysML / 1 Page 8 [could not find document date] Chapter 3. MBSE Challenge Goals SysML is only a graphical language and defines a set of diagrammatics, modeling elements, a formal syntax, and semantics. Like any language (formal or informal), it can be used in many different ways, including many wrong ways. Most notably, it is possible by misusing the language to create incorrect models. The main goals of the SE^2 MBSE Challenge Team are to • create modeling guidelines and conventions for all system aspects, hierarchy levels, and views; • provide examples in SysML, solving common modeling problems; • build a comprehensive model, which serves as the basis for providing different views to different engineering aspects and subsequent activities; and to • demonstrate that SysML is an effective means to support systems engineering. The SE^2 team has provided their guidelines for modeling on the "frequently asked questions" page of their Web site (http://mbse.gfse.de/documents/faq.html). A SysML model, as described in the next section, illustrates the results of their comprehensive modeling. The SysML model is not merely a mental abstraction, but a collection of complex data structures that can be edited, augmented, queried, and reported on by means of a suitable tool, which is an indispensible pillar for MBSE.

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