《SATA存储技术：串行ATA》(SATA.Storage.Technology.Serial.ATA).pdf

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world-class technical training Are your company’s technical training needs being addressed in the most effective manner? MindShare has over 25 years experience in conducting technical training on cutting-edge technologies. We understand the challenges companies have when searching for quality, effective training which reduces the students’ time away from work and provides cost-effective alternatives. MindShare offers many ﬂ exible solutions to meet those needs. Our courses are taught by highly-skilled, enthusiastic, knowledgeable and experienced instructors. We bring life to knowledge through a wide variety of learning methods and delivery options. training that ﬁ ts your needs MindShare recognizes and addresses your company’s technical training issues with: • Scalable cost training • Just-in-time training • Training in a classroom, at your cubicle or home ofﬁ ce • Customizable training options • Overview and advanced topic courses • Reducing time away from work • Training delivered effectively globally • Concurrently delivered multiple-site training MindShare training courses expand your technical skillset 2 PCI Express 2.0 ® 2 Intel Core 2 Processor Architecture 2 AMD Opteron Processor Architecture 2 Intel 64 and IA-32 Software Architecture 2 Intel PC and Chipset Architecture 2 PC Virtualization 2 USB 2.0 2 Wireless USB 2 Serial ATA (SATA) 2 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 2 DDR2/DDR3 DRAM Technology 2 PC BIOS Firmware 2 High-Speed Design 2 Windows Internals and Drivers 2 Linux Fundamentals ... and many more. All courses can be customized to meet your group’s needs. Detailed course outlines can be found at www.mindshare.com bringing life to knowledge. real-world tech training put into practice worldwide real-world tech training put into practice worldwide real-world tech training put into practice worldwide real-world tech training put into practice worldwide *PCI Express ® is a registered trademark of the PCISIG *PCI Express ® is a registered trademark of the PCISIG

MindShare Learning Options MindShare Classroom MindShare Virtual Classroom MindShare eLearning MindShare Press In-House Training Virtual In-House Training Public Training Virtual Public Training Intro eLearning Modules Comprehensive eLearning Modules Books eBooks Classroom Training Invite MindShare to train you in-house, or sign-up to attend one of our many public classes held throughout the year and around the world. No more boring classes, the ‘MindShare Experience‘ is sure to keep you engaged. Virtual Classroom Training The majority of our courses live over the web in an inter- active environment with WebEx and a phone bridge. We deliver training cost-effectively across multiple sites and time zones. Imagine being trained in your cubicle or home ofﬁ ce and avoiding the hassle of travel. Contact us to attend one of our public virtual classes. MindShare Press Purchase our books and eBooks or publish your own content through us. MindShare has authored over 25 books and the list is growing. Let us help make your book project a successful one. eLearning Module Training MindShare is also an eLearning company. Our growing list of interactive eLearning modules include: • Intro to Virtualization Technology • Intro to IO Virtualization • Intro to PCI Express 2.0 Updates • PCI Express 2.0 • USB 2.0 • AMD Opteron Processor Architecture • Virtualization Technology ...and more Engage MindShare Have knowledge that you want to bring to life? MindShare will work with you to “Bring Your Knowledge to Life.” Engage us to transform your knowledge and design courses that can be delivered in classroom or virtual class- room settings, create online eLearning modules, or publish a book that you author. We are proud to be the preferred training provider at an extensive list of clients that include: ADAPTEC • AMD • AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES • APPLE • BROADCOM • CADENCE • CRAY • CISCO • DELL • FREESCALE GENERAL DYNAMICS • HP • IBM • KODAK • LSI LOGIC • MOTOROLA • MICROSOFT • NASA • NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR NETAPP • NOKIA • NVIDIA • PLX TECHNOLOGY • QLOGIC • SIEMENS • SUN MICROSYSTEMS SYNOPSYS • TI • UNISYS 4285 SLASH PINE DRIVE COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80908 USA M 1.602.617.1123 O 1.800.633.1440 ravi@mindshare.com www.mindshare.com

SATA Storage Technology MINDSHARE, INC. Donovan (Don) Anderson Contributions by: Mike Jackson Duncan Penman MINDSHARE PRESS

The authors and publishers have taken care in preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connec- tion with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. Visit MindShare, Inc. on the web: www.mindshare.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2006934887 Copyright ©2007 by MindShare, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. For information on obtaining permission for use of material from this work, please sub- mit a written request to: MindShare Press Attn: Maryanne Daves 4285 Slash Pine Dr. Colorado Springs, CO 80908 Fax: 719-487-1434 Set in 10-point Palatino by MindShare, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9770878-1-5 First Printing April 2007

Contents About This Book Scope............................................................................................................................................. 1 The MindShare Architecture Series ....................................................................................... 1 Cautionary Note ......................................................................................................................... 3 The Standard Is the Final Word .............................................................................................. 3 Documentation Conventions................................................................................................... 3 Hexadecimal Notation ........................................................................................................ 3 Binary Notation.................................................................................................................... 4 Decimal Notation ................................................................................................................. 4 Bits Versus Bytes Notation ................................................................................................. 4 Bit Fields ................................................................................................................................ 4 Other Terminology and Abbreviations ................................................................................. 5 Visit Our Web Site (www.mindshare.com) .......................................................................... 5 We Want Your Feedback........................................................................................................... 6 Part One SATA Overview Chapter 1: The Evolution of Parallel ATA ATA transitions to Serial Interface......................................................................................... 9 Origins of ATA ......................................................................................................................... 10 Emergence of IDE (Integrated Disc Electronics) Drives................................................... 11 Support for Two Drives .................................................................................................... 11 Compatibility Problems .................................................................................................... 12 The ATA Standard ................................................................................................................... 12 The ATA Signalling Interface........................................................................................... 13 ATA Protocol/Performance Review............................................................................... 17 ATA............................................................................................................................... 17 ATA-2/3....................................................................................................................... 17 ATA-4 ........................................................................................................................... 18 ATA-5 ........................................................................................................................... 18 ATA-6 ........................................................................................................................... 18 ATA-7 ........................................................................................................................... 18 The Legacy Programming Interface...................................................................................... 19 HBA Register Descriptions............................................................................................... 20 Device Register - Selecting the Target ATA Device............................................... 21 Start Sector Address ................................................................................................... 21 Physical Disc Address Registers........................................................................ 22 Logical Block Addressing................................................................................... 24 Logical Block Address Registers (28 bits) ........................................................ 24 ix

Contents Logical Block Address Registers (48 bits) ........................................................ 24 Transfer Size Register................................................................................................. 25 Feature Register .......................................................................................................... 25 Command Register..................................................................................................... 26 Data Register ............................................................................................................... 26 Status Register ............................................................................................................. 26 Error Register .............................................................................................................. 28 Device Control Register ............................................................................................. 28 Alternate Status Register ........................................................................................... 29 Support for Multiple ATA Interfaces.............................................................................. 29 The ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI)...................................................................................... 30 Device Signature ...................................................................................................................... 31 Performing Commands........................................................................................................... 31 Setting Up Data Transfers ......................................................................................... 32 Commands without Data Transfer ................................................................... 32 Data Transfer Commands. ................................................................................. 32 Command Execution.................................................................................................. 32 Overlap and Command Queuing.................................................................................... 34 Overlap......................................................................................................................... 34 Queuing........................................................................................................................ 35 Drives Capabilities - The Device Identify Command................................................... 35 Summary of ATA Standards.................................................................................................. 36 Chapter 2: The Motivation for SATA Motivation and Design Goals for SATA............................................................................. 37 Lower Pin Count....................................................................................................................... 38 Performance............................................................................................................................... 38 No Drive Configuration Required........................................................................................ 39 Cables and Connectors............................................................................................................ 39 Reliability .................................................................................................................................. 41 Lower Voltages ......................................................................................................................... 41 Migration to Servers ................................................................................................................ 41 Software Compatibility with Parallel ATA ........................................................................ 42 Chapter 3: SATA Overview The SATA Specification ......................................................................................................... 43 Summary of SATA Features .................................................................................................. 44 The Serial Interconnect ........................................................................................................... 45 SATA Compatibility with Parallel ATA ............................................................................. 46 The Legacy Programming Interface................................................................................ 46 Legacy Drive Addressing with SATA ............................................................................ 48 x

Contents Drive Addressing Based on Single Drive Interfaces.............................................. 49 Port Selection Based on Master/Slave Emulation ................................................. 49 SATA-Specific Registers ........................................................................................................ 51 SATA Protocol Layer Overview ............................................................................................ 52 Application Layer .............................................................................................................. 53 Host Software Issues each Command ..................................................................... 54 The SATA Drive Receives and Processes the Command ..................................... 55 Command Layer ................................................................................................................ 55 Transport Layer.................................................................................................................. 55 Link Layer.................................................................................................................................. 57 Physical Layer ........................................................................................................................... 58 Establishing Link Communications ................................................................................ 59 OOB Signaling............................................................................................................. 59 Link initialization........................................................................................................ 61 Normal FIS Communications........................................................................................... 61 SATA Command Protocol ...................................................................................................... 61 Example Non-Data Command......................................................................................... 62 Example DMA Read Command ...................................................................................... 63 Example DMA Write Command ..................................................................................... 64 Major Features of SATA II ..................................................................................................... 65 Native Command Queuing .............................................................................................. 65 Port Multipliers .................................................................................................................. 66 Port Selectors ...................................................................................................................... 67 Enclosure Services.............................................................................................................. 68 Hot Plug Support ............................................................................................................... 69 Higher Transmission Rate ................................................................................................ 69 The AHCI Programming Interface ....................................................................................... 69 Chapter 4: Introduction to FIS Transfers General ....................................................................................................................................... 71 FIS Transfers ............................................................................................................................. 72 Application Layer (HBA).................................................................................................. 73 Transport Layer (HBA) ..................................................................................................... 73 Frame Information Structures................................................................................... 75 FIS Ready for Transfer ............................................................................................... 75 Flow Control During FIS Transmission .................................................................. 76 Link Layer (Transmit) ....................................................................................................... 76 CRC Generation .......................................................................................................... 77 Framing the FIS ........................................................................................................... 78 Scrambler ..................................................................................................................... 78 Perform 8b-to-10b encoding...................................................................................... 79 Physical Layer (Transmit)................................................................................................. 79 xi

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