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Electric Machines and Drives__A First Course.pdf
Cover Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Electric Drive Systems
1.1: History
1.2: What Is an Electric-Motor Drive?
1.3: Factors Responsible for the Growth of Electric Drives
1.4: Typical Applications of Electric Drives
1.5: The Multi-Disciplinary Nature of Drive Systems
1.6: Structure of the Textbook
References
Problems
Chapter 2: Understanding Mechanical System Requirements for Electric Drives
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Systems with Linear Motion
2.3: Rotating Systems
2.4: Friction
2.5: Torsional Resonances
2.6: Electrical Analogy
2.7: Coupling Mechanisms
2.8: Types of Loads
2.9: Four-Quadrant Operation
2.10: Steady State and Dynamic Operations
References
Problems
Chapter 3: Review of Basic Electric Circuits
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Phasor Representation in Sinusoidal Steady State
3.3: Three-Phase Circuits
Reference
Problems
Chapter 4: Basic Understanding of Switch-Mode Power Electronic Converters in Electric Drives
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Overview of Power Processing Units (PPUS)
4.3: Converters for DC Motor Drives
4.4: Synthesis of Low-Frequency AC
4.5: Three-Phase Inverters
4.6: Power Semiconductor Devices
References
Problems
Chapter 5: Magnetic Circuits
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Magnetic Field Produced by Current-Carrying Conductors
5.3: Flux Density B and the Flux Ø
5.4: Magnetic Structures with Air Gaps
5.5: Inductances
5.6: Faraday's Law: Induced Voltage in a Coil due to Time-Rate of Change of Flux Linkage
5.7: Leakage and Magnetizing Inductances
5.8: Transformers
5.9: Permanent Magnets
References
Problems
Chapter 6: Basic Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Basic Structure
6.3: Production of Magnetic Field
6.4: Basic Principles of Operation
6.5: Application of the Basic Principles
6.6: Energy Conversion
6.7: Power Losses and Energy Efficiency
6.8: Machine Ratings
References
Problems
Chapter 7: DC-Motor Drives and Electronically-Commutated Motor (ECM) Drives
7.1: Introduction
7.2: The Structure of DC Machines
7.3: Operating Principles of DC Machines
7.4: DC-Machine Equivalent Circuit
7.5: Various Operating Modes in DC-Motor Drives
7.6: Flux Weakening in Wound-Field Machines
7.7: Power-Processing Units in DC Drives
7.8: Electronically-Commutated Motor (ECM) Drives
References
Problems
Chapter 8: Designing Feedback Controllers for Motor Drives
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Control Objectives
8.3: Cascade Control Structure
8.4: Steps in Designing the Feedback Controller
8.5: System Representation for Small-Signal Analysis
8.6: Controller Design
8.7: Example of a Controller Design
8.8: The Role of Feed-Forward
8.9: Effects of Limits
8.10: Anti-Windup (Non-Windup) Integration
References
Problems and Simulations
Chapter 9: Introduction to AC Machines and Space Vectors
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Sinusoidally-Distributed Stator Windings
9.3: The Use of Space Vectors to Represent Sinusoidal Field Distributions in the Air Gap
9.4: Space-Vector Representation of Combined Terminal Currents and Voltages
9.5: Balanced Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation (Rotor Open-Circuited)
References
Problems
Chapter 10: Sinusoidal Permanent Magnet AC (PMAC) Drives, LCI- Synchronous Motor Drives, and Synchronous Generators
10.1: Introduction
10.2: The Basic Structure of Permanent-Magnet AC (PMAC) Machines
10.3: Principle of Operation
10.4: The Controller and the Power-Processing Unit (PPU)
10.5: Load-Commutated-Inverter (LCI) Supplied Synchronous Motor Drives
10.6: Synchronous Generators
References
Problems
Chapter 11: Induction Motors: Balanced, Sinusoidal Steady State Operation
11.1: Introduction
11.2: The Structure of Three-Phase, Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors
11.3: The Principles of Induction Motor Operation
11.4: Tests to Obtain the Parameters of the Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit
11.5: Induction Motor Characteristics at Rated Voltages in Magnitude and Frequency
11.6: Induction Motors of Nema Design A, B, C, and D
11.7: Line Start
11.8: Reduced Voltage Starting ("soft start") of Induction Motors
11.9: Energy-Savings in Lightly-Loaded Machines
11.10: Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) in Wind Turbines
References
Problems
Chapter 12: Induction-Motor Drives: Speed Control
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Conditions for Efficient Speed Control Over a Wide Range
12.3: Applied Voltage Amplitudes to Keep Bms = Bms, rated
12.4: Starting Considerations in Drives
12.5: Capability to Operate below and above the Rated Speed
12.6: Induction-Generator Drives
12.7: Speed Control of Induction-Motor Drives
12.8: Pulse-Width-Modulated Power-Processing Unit
12.9: Reduction of Bms at Light Loads
References
Problems
Chapter 13: Reluctance Drives: Stepper-Motor and Switched-Reluctance Drives
13.1: Introduction
13.2: The Operating Principle of Reluctance Motors
13.3: Stepper-Motor Drives
13.4: Switched-Reluctance Motor Drives
References
Problems
Chapter 14: Energy Efficiency of Electric Drives and Inverter-Motor Interactions
14.1: Introduction
14.2: The Definition of Energy Efficiency in Electric Drives
14.3: The Energy Efficiency of Induction Motors with Sinusoidal Excitation
14.4: The Effects of Switching-Frequency Harmonics on Motor Losses
14.5: The Energy Efficiencies of Power-Processing Units
14.6: Energy Efficiencies of Electric Drives
14.7: The Economics of Energy Savings by Premium-Efficiency Electric Motors and Electric Drives
14.8: The Deleterious Effects of The PWM-Inverter Voltage Waveform on Motor Life
14.9: Benefits of Using Variable-Speed Drives
References
Problem
Index
NED MOHAN
A FIR S T CO UR S E
Electric Machines and Drives
A First Course
Electric Machines and Drives
A First Course
NED MOHAN
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
USA
@
WILEY
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mohan, Ned.
Electric machines and drives : a first course / Ned Mohan.
p.
cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-07481-7 (hardback : acid free paper)
1. Electric machinery. 2. Electric driving.
I. Title.
TK2000.M57 2012
0
621.31
dc23
042
2011043892
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7
6 5 4 3
2 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEMS
History
What Is an Electric-Motor Drive?
Factors Responsible for the Growth of Electric Drives
Typical Applications of Electric Drives
The Multi-Disciplinary Nature of Drive Systems
Structure of the Textbook
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
References
Problems
CHAPTER 2 UNDERSTANDING MECHANICAL SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRIC DRIVES
Introduction
Systems with Linear Motion
Rotating Systems
Friction
Torsional Resonances
Electrical Analogy
Coupling Mechanisms
Types of Loads
Four-Quadrant Operation
Steady State and Dynamic Operations
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
References
Problems
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF BASIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Introduction
Phasor Representation in Sinusoidal Steady State
Three-Phase Circuits
3.1
3.2
3.3
Reference
Problems
xi
1
1
2
3
3
8
9
10
11
12
12
12
14
20
21
22
23
26
27
27
28
28
31
31
31
38
43
43
v
vi
Contents
CHAPTER 4
BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF SWITCH-MODE POWER
ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS IN ELECTRIC DRIVES
Introduction
Overview of Power Processing Units (PPUs)
Converters for DC Motor Drives ð Vd , vo , VdÞ
Synthesis of Low-Frequency AC
Three-Phase Inverters
Power Semiconductor Devices
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
References
Problems
CHAPTER 5 MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Introduction
Magnetic Field Produced by Current-Carrying
Conductors
Flux Density B and the Flux φ
Magnetic Structures with Air Gaps
Inductances
Faraday’s Law: Induced Voltage in a Coil due
to Time-Rate of Change of Flux Linkage
Leakage and Magnetizing Inductances
Transformers
Permanent Magnets
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
References
Problems
CHAPTER 6
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROMECHANICAL
ENERGY CONVERSION
Introduction
Basic Structure
Production of Magnetic Field
Basic Principles of Operation
Application of the Basic Principles
Energy Conversion
Power Losses and Energy Efficiency
Machine Ratings
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
References
Problems
46
46
46
52
58
59
62
66
66
69
69
69
71
74
76
78
81
83
88
90
90
92
92
92
94
96
98
99
101
102
103
103
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