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LTE系统全网信令流程 Introduction As a new wireless mobile communication technology, LTE (Long Term Evolution) provide all kinds of services through network access procedures. So when you are trying to understand the LTE technology, the network access procedure is just in the close front of your eyes. This document is trying to describe the general procedure handlings among the network elements under LTE network architecture, by way of showing you the procedure handlings in figures. From these figures, you will get an overview of the LTE general procedures, such as: “The System Information Handling”, “The Random Access Procedure”, “The Attach Procedure”, “The TAU Procedure”, “The Handover Procedure”, etc. The first several figures show the introduction of protocol layer stacks among network elements, such as: protocol layer stacks“between UE-MME”, “between UE-PDN GW”, etc. From these protocol layer stacks introduction, you will learn the peer-to-peer protocol layers among several related network elements, it will help you to understand LTE procedures’ working mechanism stuff. And after, begins the description of the LTE general procedure, in an order from “System information handling”to “ANR Measurement procedure”, with the “access procedure”, “handover procedure”, “inter-RAT operation procedure”,……, in the middle. From these procedure figures description, you can get the deep details of the LTE network access procedure, and it will finally direct you to found a whole- system-view of LTE architecture. This document is suitable for the guys who want to know the LTE general procedure, or use it as a reference book. 2009-11-06 LTE PDU L3 R&D Team 0

Abbreviations MME UE MS eNodeB GW PCRF H-PCRF V-PCRF HSS EIR UTRAN E-UTRAN GERAN PLMN HPLMN VPLMN HLR VLR CBC OMC BSC BTS BSS CN MSC/SGSN Inter-RAT MBMS MCE RNC Mobility Management Entity User Equipment Mobile Station evolved NodeB GateWay Policy and Charging Rules Fuction Home-PCRF Visited-PCRF Home Subscriber Server Equipment Identity Register Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network evolved UTRAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Public Land Mobile Network Home PLMN Visited PLMN Home Location Register Visitor Location Register Cell Broadcast Centre Operation and Maintenance Center Base Station Controler Base Transceiver Station Base Station Subsystem Core Network Mobile-services Switching Centre/Serving GPRS Support Node Radio Access Technology Media Broadcast and Multicast System Multi-cell/multicast Coordination Entity Radio Network Controler 1

Network elements functions eNodeB functions: - - Header compression and user plane ciphering; MME selection when no routeing to an MME can be determined from the information provided by the UE; UL bearer level rate enforcement based on UE-AMBR and MBR via means of uplink scheduling (e.g. by limiting the amount of UL resources granted per UE over time); DL bearer level rate enforcement based on UE-AMBR; UL and DL bearer level admission control; Transport level packet marking in the uplink, e.g. setting the DiffServ Code Point, based on the QCI of the associated EPS bearer. - - - - NAS signalling; NAS signalling security; Inter CN node signalling for mobility between 3GPP access networks (terminating S3); UE Reachability in ECM-IDLE state (including control and execution of paging retransmission); Tracking Area list management; PDN GW and Serving GW selection; MME selection for handovers with MME change; SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks; Roaming (S6a towards home HSS); Authentication; Authorization; Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment; Lawful Interception of signalling traffic; Warning message transfer function (including selection of appropriate eNB); UE Reachability procedures. MME functions: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SGSN functions: - - - Inter EPC node signalling for mobility between 2G/3G and E-UTRAN 3GPP access networks; PDN and Serving GW selection: the selection of S-GW/P-GW by the SGSN is as specified for the MME; MME selection for handovers to E-UTRAN 3GPP access network. 2

Network elements functions Serving GW functions: - - the local Mobility Anchor point for inter-eNodeB handover; sending of one or more "end marker" to the source eNodeB, source SGSN or source RNC immediately after switching the path during inter-eNodeB and inter-RAT handover, especially to assist the reordering function in eNodeB. Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility (terminating S4 and relaying the traffic between 2G/3G system and PDN GW); ECM-IDLE mode downlink packet buffering and initiation of network triggered service request procedure; Lawful Interception; Packet routeing and forwarding; Transport level packet marking in the uplink and the downlink, e.g. setting the DiffServ Code Point, based on the QCI of the associated EPS bearer; Accounting for inter-operator charging. For GTP-based S5/S8, the Serving GW generates accounting data per UE and bearer; Interfacing OFCS according to charging principles and through reference points specified in TS 32.240 [51]. - - - - - - - - - - - - - PDN GW functions: - - - - Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection); Lawful Interception; UE IP address allocation; Transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, e.g. setting the DiffServ Code Point, based on the QCI of the associated EPS bearer; Accounting for inter-operator charging; UL and DL service level charging as defined in TS 23.203 [6] (e.g. based on SDFs defined by the PCRF, or based on deep packet inspection defined by local policy); Interfacing OFCS through according to charging principles and through reference points specified in TS 32.240 [51]. UL and DL service level gating control as defined in TS 23.203 [6]; UL and DL service level rate enforcement as defined in TS 23.203 [6] (e.g. by rate policing/shaping per SDF); UL and DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR (e.g. by rate policing/shaping per aggregate of traffic of all SDFs of the same APN that are associated with Non-GBR QCIs); 3

Network elements functions - - - - - - - - DL rate enforcement based on the accumulated MBRs of the aggregate of SDFs with the same GBR QCI (e.g. by rate policing/shaping); DHCPv4 (server and client) and DHCPv6 (client and server) functions; The network does not support PPP bearer type in this version of the specification. Pre-Release 8 PPP functionality of a GGSN may be implemented in the PDN GW; packet screening. UL and DL bearer binding as defined in TS 23.203 [6]; UL bearer binding verification as defined in TS 23.203 [6]; Functionality as defined in RFC 4861 [32]; Accounting per UE and bearer. H-PCRF functions: - - - terminates the Rx reference point for home network services; terminates the S9 reference point for roaming with local breakout; associates the sessions established over the multiple reference points (S9, Rx), for the same UE's IP- CAN session (PCC session binding). V-PCRF functions: - - terminates the Gx and S9 reference points for roaming with local breakout; terminates Rx for roaming with local breakout and visited operator's Application Function. 4

网元间信令面总体协议栈 5

网元间信令面总体协议栈（续） 6

网元间用户面总体协议栈 7

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