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PARGE_Manual.pdf
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Goals of PARGE
1.2 Functionality
a) Compatibility
b) Auxiliary data functions
c) Processing options
d) Supporting abilities
1.3 Limitations
1.4 Future Extensions
1.5 Terminology
1.6 Organisation of this Manual
Chapter 2: Theoretical Background
2.1 Input Data
2.1.1 Auxiliary Data Entities
a) Aircraft Position and Attitude Data
b) Digital Elevation Model
c) Image/Sensor Data Acquisition Information
2.1.2 Auxiliary Data Handling
2.1.3 Parameter Definitions
2.2 Geometric Algorithms
2.2.1 Main Processor
a) Calculate the current observation geometry (see Figure 2.1)
b) Find the intersection point on the surface
c) Find the image coordinates
d) Complete Mapping Array
e) Final Processing
2.2.2 Scan Process Model
2.2.3 Geometric Sensor Model
2.2.4 System Transformation
2.2.5 Ray Tracing
2.2.6 Final Map Production
2.2.7 Link to Radiometric Processing
2.3 Spatial Resampling Methods
2.3.1 Supported Resampling Methods
a) Nearest Neighbor Methods
b) Natural Neighbor Interpolation
c) Linear Interpolation Methods
d) Bilinear Interpolation
e) Spatial Binning
f) Other Methods
2.3.2 Nearest Neighbor Resampling or Data Interpolation ?
2.3.3 Qualitative Evaluation of Resampling Methods
2.4 Parameter Offset Determination - Boresight Calibration
2.5 Parameter Interpolation Algorithms
2.6 Image Based Synchronization
2.7 Accuracy Considerations
2.7.1 DEM/DSM Related Errors
2.7.2 Auxiliary Data Error Sources
2.7.3 Accuracy Assessment
Chapter 3: Typical Workflow
3.1 Geocoding Status Management
3.1.1 The Geocoding Status
3.1.2 Accessing the Status from IDL
3.2 Processing Workflow
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Processing Steps
a) Importing the scanner data
b) Checking the auxiliary data
c) Saving the current status
d) Defining the DEM
e) Input GCPs
f) Setting the offsets for roll and pitch and heading
g) GPS data and altitude offsets
h) Checking the parameters
i) Running the main processor
j) Creating orthorectified results
k) Creating a mosaicked output
3.2.3 Resampling Workflow
a) Acquisition geometry (IGM processing)
b) Cartographic geometry (MAP processing)
3.2.4 Outputs
3.3 Importing Standard Sensor Data
3.3.1 AVIRIS
3.3.2 HYMAP / PROBE-1
3.3.3 AISA
3.3.4 HYSPEX
3.3.5 Other Sensors
3.4 Importing Auxiliary Data
3.4.1 DEM
3.4.2 DGPS Flightpath
3.4.3 Remarks on Coordinate Conversion
3.4.4 Attitude Data
a) Heading
b) Roll:
c) Pitch:
d) Yaw:
3.4.5 Sensor Model
3.5 Working with Ground Control Points
3.5.1 Importing, Creating, Exporting GCPs
3.5.2 Searching GCPs using ENVI
3.5.3 Attitude and Navigation Offsets
3.6 Auxiliary Data Interpolation
3.7 Operational Processing of Large Data Sets
a) Prepare the DEM
b) Do the boresight calibration
c) Setup a script
d) Do the processing
e) Mosaic your results
3.8 Example Results
3.8.1 AVIRIS
3.8.2 HyMap
3.8.3 SAMSON
3.8.4 HYSPEX
Chapter 4: PARGE Programming Interface
4.1 Internal Data Format
4.1.1 Variables
4.1.2 Auxiliary information about input data
a) Image
b) Sensor
c) DEM
d) Auxiliary
e) Result
f) Preferences
4.1.3 Outputs Description
4.2 Setting up a Batch Process
4.2.1 Full Batch Process
4.2.2 Partial Batch Process
4.3 Batch Functions Reference
4.3.1 Session Management, File Menu
4.3.2 Image Data Import
a) AVIRIS Functions
b) HYMAP Functions
c) PROBE-1 functions
d) AISA functions
e) ROSIS functions
f) MIVIS functions
g) DAIS Functions
h) HYSPEX Functions
i) Headwall HYPERSPEC / UAV spectrometers import
4.3.3 DEM Import
4.3.4 DEM processing
4.3.5 Auxiliary Data Handling
4.3.6 Ground Control Points Import
4.3.7 Ground Control based Offsetting
4.3.8 Special
4.3.9 Quality Control (Menu ‘QC’)
4.3.10 Processing
Chapter 5: Functions Reference Guide
5.1 Generic Menu Elements
5.1.1 The PARGE Menu
5.1.2 Help System
5.1.3 Text Editing
5.1.4 Plotting
5.1.5 Image Display
5.1.6 Coordinate Conversion
5.2 Menu: File
Display ENVI File
Spectra and Profiles
Display TIFF File
Show/Edit Text File
Import
IMPORT AISA
IMPORT AISA Eagle
IMPORT AVIRIS
IMPORT APEX
IMPORT CASI
IMPORT DAIS
IMPORT HEADWALL
IMPORT HYMAP
IMPORT HYSPEX
IMPORT Mivis
IMPORT PROBE-1
IMPORT ROSIS
Import Various
Restore Status
Restore Variables
Save Status
Show Status
Export
Reset Session
Quit
5.3 Menu: Edit
Undo
vDefine Raw Data Cube
Load Single Channel
Display Single Channel
Define Color Palette
Define Color Table
Define Map Projection
Edit Preferences
5.4 Menu: DEM
Import
Create DEM
Define Parameters
Resize DEM
Display DEM
Smoothing
Slope & Aspect
Shading
Skyview Factor
ATCOR Preparation
5.5 Menu: Auxiliary
Define Sensor Model
Import Attitude Data
Import GPS Data
Filtering
Plot Image Area
Plot Raw GPS
Plot Flightpath
Plot Attitude [deg]
Plot Attitude [rad]
5.6 Menu: Control
Import GCPs
List GCPs
View and Set GCPs
Display Flightpath on DEM
Offset Attitude
Offset GPS data
Import Offsets
5.7 Menu: Special
Convert BIP to BSQ
Convert BIL to BSQ
Resize Raw Data
Initialize Flightpath
Interpolate Flightpath
Optimize Attitude with Nav.
Prepare Heading
Interpolate Roll/Pitch
Scale Roll/Pitch
Drift Correction
Reset
Roll Compensation
Post-Synchronize
Shift Parameters
Create Scan Angles
Display Mapping Array
Display DEM 3D
Interrupt
5.8 Menu: QC (Quality Control)
SNR Analysis
IGM Pixel Size
Data Loss Analysis
Offset
Chessboard
5.9 Menu: Processor
Check Parameters
Define Process Parameters
Direct Processor
IGM Main Processor
IGM Cube Rectification
IGM ROTated Rectification
IGM Inverse Processor
Integrated Processing
MAP Main Processor
MAP Cube Rectification
Process Band or RGB
Direct Display
Mosaicking
References
A: List of Ellipsoids
B: List of Projections
C: List of Datums
D: Example Batch Program
E: List of Routines
F: Index
PARAMETRIC GEOCODING
Orthorectification for Airborne Scanner Data
User Manual, Version 3.2
PARGE User Manual, Version 3.2
© 2014 by ReSe Applications Schläpfer. All rights reserved.
This manual, as well as the software described in it, is furnished under license and may only be
used or copied in accordance with the terms of such a license. The information in this manual
is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change without notice, and should not be
construed as a commitment by ReSe.
Software and manual are made in Switzerland.
PARGE software produced and maintained by ReSe Applications Schläpfer. Original develop-
ment was supported by the Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL) of the University of Zurich.
Year of the first publication of manual and software: 2000.
PARGE user manual and PARGE software authored by Daniel Schläpfer, Dr. sc. nat.
Front cover:
Orthorectified HYMAP imaging spectrometry data, acquired in 2004 in Switzerland. Overlay
with digital topographic map. Processing done by PARGE; data courtesy of RSL, University of
Zurich.
Table of Contents
Chapter
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1:
Introduction
1.1 Goals of PARGE................................................................................................................ 7
1.2 Functionality ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.4 Future Extensions ........................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Terminology.................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 Organisation of this Manual............................................................................................ 11
Chapter 2:
Theoretical Background
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.1 Input Data....................................................................................................................... 14
Auxiliary Data Entities .......................................................................................... 14
Auxiliary Data Handling......................................................................................... 15
Parameter Definitions ........................................................................................... 16
2.2 Geometric Algorithms ..................................................................................................... 17
Main Processor .................................................................................................... 17
Scan Process Model ............................................................................................. 18
Geometric Sensor Model ....................................................................................... 19
System Transformation......................................................................................... 20
Ray Tracing......................................................................................................... 21
Final Map Production ............................................................................................ 22
Link to Radiometric Processing .............................................................................. 23
2.3 Spatial Resampling Methods........................................................................................... 25
Supported Resampling Methods ............................................................................. 25
Nearest Neighbor Resampling or Data Interpolation ? ................................................ 28
Qualitative Evaluation of Resampling Methods ......................................................... 29
2.4 Parameter Offset Determination - Boresight Calibration.................................................. 32
2.5 Parameter Interpolation Algorithms................................................................................. 34
2.6 Image Based Synchronization ......................................................................................... 35
2.7 Accuracy Considerations ................................................................................................ 36
DEM/DSM Related Errors ...................................................................................... 36
Auxiliary Data Error Sources .................................................................................. 37
Accuracy Assessment .......................................................................................... 39
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
1
Chapter
Chapter 3:
Typical Workflow
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.1 Geocoding Status Management ...................................................................................... 41
The Geocoding Status........................................................................................... 41
Accessing the Status from IDL............................................................................... 43
3.2 Processing Workflow ...................................................................................................... 43
Overview ............................................................................................................ 43
Processing Steps.................................................................................................. 44
Resampling Workflow ........................................................................................... 47
Outputs .............................................................................................................. 48
3.3 Importing Standard Sensor Data ..................................................................................... 49
AVIRIS................................................................................................................ 49
HYMAP / PROBE-1 ............................................................................................... 49
AISA .................................................................................................................. 50
HYSPEX.............................................................................................................. 50
Other Sensors...................................................................................................... 51
3.4 Importing Auxiliary Data ................................................................................................. 51
DEM ................................................................................................................... 51
DGPS Flightpath................................................................................................... 51
Remarks on Coordinate Conversion......................................................................... 52
Attitude Data....................................................................................................... 53
Sensor Model....................................................................................................... 55
3.5 Working with Ground Control Points............................................................................... 56
Importing, Creating, Exporting GCPs ....................................................................... 56
Searching GCPs using ENVI ................................................................................... 56
Attitude and Navigation Offsets ............................................................................. 57
3.6 Auxiliary Data Interpolation............................................................................................. 59
3.7 Operational Processing of Large Data Sets ..................................................................... 61
3.8 Example Results .............................................................................................................. 62
AVIRIS................................................................................................................ 62
HyMap................................................................................................................ 64
SAMSON ............................................................................................................ 66
HYSPEX.............................................................................................................. 67
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.8.4
Chapter 4:
PARGE Programming Interface
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1 Internal Data Format ....................................................................................................... 69
Variables ............................................................................................................. 69
Auxiliary information about input data..................................................................... 70
Outputs Description.............................................................................................. 79
4.2 Setting up a Batch Process ............................................................................................. 81
Full Batch Process ................................................................................................ 82
Partial Batch Process ............................................................................................ 83
4.3 Batch Functions Reference.............................................................................................. 83
4.2.1
4.2.2
2
Chapter
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
4.3.10
Session Management, File Menu ............................................................................ 83
Image Data Import ............................................................................................... 85
DEM Import......................................................................................................... 92
DEM processing................................................................................................... 94
Auxiliary Data Handling......................................................................................... 97
Ground Control Points Import ...............................................................................100
Ground Control based Offsetting...........................................................................101
Special ..............................................................................................................102
Quality Control (Menu ‘QC’) .................................................................................106
Processing .........................................................................................................107
Chapter 5:
Functions Reference Guide
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1 Generic Menu Elements .................................................................................................117
The PARGE Menu ...............................................................................................117
Help System.......................................................................................................117
Text Editing........................................................................................................118
Plotting..............................................................................................................119
Image Display.....................................................................................................119
Coordinate Conversion.........................................................................................120
5.2 Menu: File......................................................................................................................121
Display ENVI File..............................................................................................122
Spectra and Profiles.........................................................................................125
Display TIFF File...............................................................................................125
Show/Edit Text File..........................................................................................126
Import ..............................................................................................................126
IMPORT AISA ..................................................................................................126
IMPORT AISA Eagle.........................................................................................127
IMPORT AVIRIS ...............................................................................................128
IMPORT APEX .................................................................................................130
IMPORT CASI ..................................................................................................131
IMPORT DAIS ..................................................................................................131
IMPORT HEADWALL........................................................................................132
IMPORT HYMAP ..............................................................................................133
IMPORT HYSPEX .............................................................................................136
IMPORT Mivis ..................................................................................................137
IMPORT PROBE-1 ............................................................................................138
IMPORT ROSIS ................................................................................................139
Import Various .................................................................................................140
Restore Status .................................................................................................140
Restore Variables .............................................................................................141
Save Status .....................................................................................................141
Show Status ....................................................................................................142
Export ..............................................................................................................143
Reset Session ..................................................................................................143
Quit..................................................................................................................144
3
Chapter
4
5.3 Menu: Edit..................................................................................................................... 145
Undo ............................................................................................................... 145
vDefine Raw Data Cube .................................................................................. 146
Load Single Channel........................................................................................ 148
Display Single Channel .................................................................................... 149
Define Color Palette ........................................................................................ 150
Define Color Table........................................................................................... 152
Define Map Projection ..................................................................................... 154
Edit Preferences .............................................................................................. 155
5.4 Menu: DEM ................................................................................................................... 157
Import ............................................................................................................. 157
Create DEM..................................................................................................... 164
Define Parameters ........................................................................................... 166
Resize DEM ..................................................................................................... 168
Display DEM.................................................................................................... 169
Smoothing....................................................................................................... 171
Slope & Aspect ............................................................................................... 172
Shading ........................................................................................................... 173
Skyview Factor ............................................................................................... 173
ATCOR Preparation ......................................................................................... 174
5.5 Menu: Auxiliary ............................................................................................................. 175
Define Sensor Model ....................................................................................... 176
Import Attitude Data ....................................................................................... 178
Import GPS Data ............................................................................................. 180
Filtering ........................................................................................................... 184
Plot Image Area............................................................................................... 186
Plot Raw GPS.................................................................................................. 186
Plot Flightpath ................................................................................................. 187
Plot Attitude [deg]........................................................................................... 187
Plot Attitude [rad] ........................................................................................... 188
5.6 Menu: Control ............................................................................................................... 189
Import GCPs.................................................................................................... 190
List GCPs ........................................................................................................ 192
View and Set GCPs......................................................................................... 194
Display Flightpath on DEM .............................................................................. 196
Offset Attitude ................................................................................................ 197
Offset GPS data .............................................................................................. 199
Import Offsets................................................................................................. 200
5.7 Menu: Special ............................................................................................................... 202
Convert BIP to BSQ......................................................................................... 203
Convert BIL to BSQ ......................................................................................... 203
Resize Raw Data ............................................................................................. 204
Initialize Flightpath .......................................................................................... 205
Interpolate Flightpath ...................................................................................... 206
Optimize Attitude with Nav............................................................................. 207
Prepare Heading .............................................................................................. 208
Interpolate Roll/Pitch ....................................................................................... 210
Scale Roll/Pitch ............................................................................................... 210
Drift Correction ............................................................................................... 210
Chapter
Reset................................................................................................................211
Roll Compensation ...........................................................................................211
Post-Synchronize .............................................................................................213
Shift Parameters ..............................................................................................213
Create Scan Angles .........................................................................................214
Display Mapping Array.....................................................................................215
Display DEM 3D...............................................................................................215
Interrupt...........................................................................................................217
5.8 Menu: QC (Quality Control) ...........................................................................................218
SNR Analysis ...................................................................................................218
IGM Pixel Size..................................................................................................219
Data Loss Analysis ..........................................................................................220
Offset ..............................................................................................................220
Chessboard ......................................................................................................222
5.9 Menu: Processor ............................................................................................................223
Check Parameters ............................................................................................223
Define Process Parameters ..............................................................................225
Direct Processor...............................................................................................226
IGM Main Processor.........................................................................................228
IGM Cube Rectification ....................................................................................229
IGM ROTated Rectification ..............................................................................231
IGM Inverse Processor .....................................................................................233
Integrated Processing ......................................................................................234
MAP Main Processor........................................................................................237
MAP Cube Rectification ...................................................................................240
Process Band or RGB .......................................................................................242
Direct Display ..................................................................................................244
Mosaicking.......................................................................................................245
References................................................................................................................................................ 247
A: List of Ellipsoids............................................................................................................................... 252
B: List of Projections ........................................................................................................................... 253
C: List of Datums.................................................................................................................................. 254
D: Example Batch Program............................................................................................................... 263
E: List of Routines ................................................................................................................................ 269
F: Index ...................................................................................................................................................... 273
5
Chapter
6
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