Flask Web Development.pdf 最新原版

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Table of Contents

Preface

Who This Book Is For

How This Book Is Organized

How to Work with the Example Code

Using Code Examples

Conventions Used in This Book

Safari® Books Online

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

Part I. Introduction to Flask

Chapter 1. Installation

Using Virtual Environments

Installing Python Packages with pip

Chapter 2. Basic Application Structure

Initialization

Routes and View Functions

Server Startup

A Complete Application

The Request-Response Cycle

Application and Request Contexts

Request Dispatching

Request Hooks

Responses

Flask Extensions

Command-Line Options with Flask-Script

Chapter 3. Templates

The Jinja2 Template Engine

Rendering Templates

Variables

Control Structures

Twitter Bootstrap Integration with Flask-Bootstrap

Custom Error Pages

Links

Static Files

Localization of Dates and Times with Flask-Moment

Chapter 4. Web Forms

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Protection

Form Classes

HTML Rendering of Forms

Form Handling in View Functions

Redirects and User Sessions

Message Flashing

Chapter 5. Databases

SQL Databases

NoSQL Databases

SQL or NoSQL?

Python Database Frameworks

Database Management with Flask-SQLAlchemy

Model Definition

Relationships

Database Operations

Creating the Tables

Inserting Rows

Modifying Rows

Deleting Rows

Querying Rows

Database Use in View Functions

Integration with the Python Shell

Database Migrations with Flask-Migrate

Creating a Migration Repository

Creating a Migration Script

Upgrading the Database

Chapter 6. Email

Email Support with Flask-Mail

Sending Email from the Python Shell

Integrating Emails with the Application

Sending Asynchronous Email

Chapter 7. Large Application Structure

Project Structure

Configuration Options

Application Package

Using an Application Factory

Implementing Application Functionality in a Blueprint

Launch Script

Requirements File

Unit Tests

Database Setup

Part II. Example: A Social Blogging Application

Chapter 8. User Authentication

Authentication Extensions for Flask

Password Security

Hashing Passwords with Werkzeug

Creating an Authentication Blueprint

User Authentication with Flask-Login

Preparing the User Model for Logins

Protecting Routes

Adding a Login Form

Signing Users In

Signing Users Out

Testing Logins

New User Registration

Adding a User Registration Form

Registering New Users

Account Confirmation

Generating Confirmation Tokens with itsdangerous

Sending Confirmation Emails

Account Management

Chapter 9. User Roles

Database Representation of Roles

Role Assignment

Role Verification

Chapter 10. User Profiles

Profile Information

User Profile Page

Profile Editor

User-Level Profile Editor

Administrator-Level Profile Editor

User Avatars

Chapter 11. Blog Posts

Blog Post Submission and Display

Blog Posts on Profile Pages

Paginating Long Blog Post Lists

Creating Fake Blog Post Data

Rendering Data on Pages

Adding a Pagination Widget

Rich-Text Posts with Markdown and Flask-PageDown

Using Flask-PageDown

Handling Rich Text on the Server

Permanent Links to Blog Posts

Blog Post Editor

Chapter 12. Followers

Database Relationships Revisited

Many-to-Many Relationships

Self-Referential Relationships

Advanced Many-to-Many Relationships

Followers on the Profile Page

Query Followed Posts Using a Database Join

Show Followed Posts on the Home Page

Chapter 13. User Comments

Database Representation of Comments

Comment Submission and Display

Comment Moderation

Chapter 14. Application Programming Interfaces

Introduction to REST

Resources Are Everything

Request Methods

Request and Response Bodies

Versioning

RESTful Web Services with Flask

Creating an API Blueprint

Error Handling

User Authentication with Flask-HTTPAuth

Token-Based Authentication

Serializing Resources to and from JSON

Implementing Resource Endpoints

Pagination of Large Resource Collections

Testing Web Services with HTTPie

Part III. The Last Mile

Chapter 15. Testing

Obtaining Code Coverage Reports

The Flask Test Client

Testing Web Applications

Testing Web Services

End-to-End Testing with Selenium

Is It Worth It?

Chapter 16. Performance

Logging Slow Database Performance

Source Code Profiling

Chapter 17. Deployment

Deployment Workflow

Logging of Errors During Production

Cloud Deployment

The Heroku Platform

Preparing the Application

Testing with Foreman

Enabling Secure HTTP with Flask-SSLify

Deploying with git push

Reviewing Logs

Deploying an Upgrade

Traditional Hosting

Server Setup

Importing Environment Variables

Setting Up Logging

Chapter 18. Additional Resources

Using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Finding Flask Extensions

Getting Involved with Flask

Index

About the Author

www.allitebooks.com

www.allitebooks.com Flask Web Development Miguel Grinberg

www.allitebooks.com Flask Web Development by Miguel Grinberg Copyright © 2014 Miguel Grinberg. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/ institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editors: Meghan Blanchette and Rachel Roumeliotis Production Editor: Nicole Shelby Copyeditor: Nancy Kotary Proofreader: Charles Roumeliotis Cover Designer: Randy Comer Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest May 2014: First Edition Revision History for the First Edition: 2014-04-25: First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449372620 for release details. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Flask Web Development, the picture of a Pyrenean Mastiff, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN: 978-1-449-37262-0 [LSI]

www.allitebooks.com For Alicia.

www.allitebooks.com

www.allitebooks.com Table of Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Part I. Introduction to Flask 1. Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Using Virtual Environments 4 Installing Python Packages with pip 6 2. Basic Application Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Initialization 7 Routes and View Functions 8 Server Startup 9 A Complete Application 9 The Request-Response Cycle 12 Application and Request Contexts 12 Request Dispatching 14 Request Hooks 14 Responses 15 Flask Extensions 16 Command-Line Options with Flask-Script 17 3. Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Jinja2 Template Engine 22 Rendering Templates 22 Variables 23 Control Structures 24 Twitter Bootstrap Integration with Flask-Bootstrap 26 Custom Error Pages 29 Links 31 v

www.allitebooks.com Static Files 32 Localization of Dates and Times with Flask-Moment 33 4. Web Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Protection 37 Form Classes 38 HTML Rendering of Forms 40 Form Handling in View Functions 41 Redirects and User Sessions 44 Message Flashing 46 5. Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 SQL Databases 49 NoSQL Databases 50 SQL or NoSQL? 51 Python Database Frameworks 51 Database Management with Flask-SQLAlchemy 52 Model Definition 54 Relationships 56 Database Operations 57 Creating the Tables 58 Inserting Rows 58 Modifying Rows 60 Deleting Rows 60 Querying Rows 60 Database Use in View Functions 62 Integration with the Python Shell 63 Database Migrations with Flask-Migrate 64 Creating a Migration Repository 64 Creating a Migration Script 65 Upgrading the Database 66 6. Email. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Email Support with Flask-Mail 69 Sending Email from the Python Shell 70 Integrating Emails with the Application 71 Sending Asynchronous Email 72 7. Large Application Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Project Structure 75 Configuration Options 76 Application Package 78 vi | Table of Contents

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