2002 年上海华东师范大学政治学原理及植物学考研真题 政治学原理 一、简答题（每题 10 分，共 50 分） 1.简述行为主义政治学与国家主义政治学的区别。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.简述西方封建制国家与中国封建制国家的不同政治特征。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.简述西方国家的内阁制及其特征。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.简述民主制度与专制高度的基本区别。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5.简述国家机构的组建原则。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 

二、论述题（以下四题中，政治学理论专业考生做 1、2 题，非政治学理论专业考生做 3、4 题 25 分，共 50 分） 1.试论述影响政治发展的因素。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.试论述我国执政党党内民主与人民民义的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.试论述政治发展的目标。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.阐述"德治"与"法治"的含义并论述两者的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 植物学 问答题（每小题 10 分） 1.植物有哪几类组织系统?它们在植物体中各起什么作用?有何分布规律? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 

2.一张木材切片，根据其形态结构如何分辨它们的三个切面? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.何谓同功器官和同源器官?举例说明。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.植物的繁殖可分为哪几种类型?各种繁殖类型的特点是什么?举例说明。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5.简述水绵的形态特征和生殖过程，分析其生活史属何种类型? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 6.蕨类植物有那些主要特征?它与苔藓植物有何异同? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 7.叙述被子植物的分类原则。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 

8.从分类学角度举例说明被子植物雄蕊群的类型。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 9.请选择菊科中你熟悉的一种植物作规范的分类学描述。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 10.试述松科、衫科、柏科的主要区别，并以检索表形式区分之。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________