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2008年6月英语四级真题及答案.doc
2008 年 6 月英语四级真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Recreational Activities
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology
according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following
the outline given below in Chinese.
1.娱乐活动多种多样
2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性
3.作为大学生，我的看法。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Media Selection for Advertisements
After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising
agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here
the major types of media used in advertising. We focus on attention on seven types
of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet,
and direct mail.
Television
Television in an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass
audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans
have seen the game show WhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?you can understand the power
of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand,
for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television
provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an
expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.
Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means
that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience.
the Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden
Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus,
audiences are smaller and more homogeneous (具有共同特点的) than they have been
in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels
available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This had also resulted in an increase
in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital
recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they
watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local
cable operators and satellite programmers.
Newspapers
After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual as revenue is
newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for
$1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation (发
行 量 ) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally,
newspapers are the largest advertising medium.
Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide
a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their
audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques,
advertisements can be printed in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick
way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of
news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local
readers.
Radio
Advertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with
outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than
television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive
medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often.
Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for
advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers
listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in
the evening hours.
Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers
to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations
that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As
a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles
apart.
Magazines
Newsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases
in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with
advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such
as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine
audiences are more homogeneous. If you read SportsIllustrated, for example, you
have such in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines
as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.
Advertisers using the print media—magazines and newspapers—will need to adapt
to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local
newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed(分
散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an
increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines
will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain
narrower audiences.
Out-of-home advertising
Out-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an
increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever
before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using
billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of
reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and
from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has
changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium
than in the past. Using the digital printing, billboard companies can print a
billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more
variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages
more quickly.
Internet
As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek
to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the
Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will
decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience
members remember.
Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’
advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous,
but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences
and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the inline medium as well.
Direct mail
A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to
communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and
special promotion. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with
consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of
advertising.
1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that ________.
A) it has large audiences
B) it appeals to housewives
C) it helps build up a company’s reputation
D) it is affordable to most advertisers
2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.
A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased
B) the number of TV viewers has increased
C) advertisers’ interest in other media has decreased
D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased
3. Compare with television, newspapers as an advertising medium _______.
A) earn a larger annual ad revenue
B) convey more detailed messages
C) use more production techniques
D) get messages out more effectively
4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because _______.
A) more local radio stations have been set up
B) modern technology makes it more entertaining
C) it provides easy access to consumers
D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio
5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to _______.
A) reach target audiences
B) appeal to educated people
C) attract diverse audiences
D) convey all kinds of messages
6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because _______.
A) billboards can be replaced within two hours
B) consumers travel more now than ever before
C) such ads have been made much more attractive
D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays
7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.
A) quick to update
B) pleasant to look at
C) easy to remember
D) convenient to access
8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that
tend to be _______.
9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for business to develop ________.
10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ________ for advertisements.
(35 minutes)
Listening Comprehension
Part III
Section A
11. A) Given his ankle a good rest.
B) Treat his injury immediately.
C) Continue his regular activities.
D) Be careful when climbing steps.
12. A) On a train.
B) On a plane.
C) In a theater.
D) In a restaurant.
13. A) A tragic accident.
B) A sad occasion.
C) Smith’s unusual life story.
D) Smith’s sleeping problem.
14. A) Review the detail of all her lessons.
B) Compare notes with his classmates.
C) Talk with her about his learning problems.
D) Focus in the main points of her lectures.
15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless.
woman’s apology.
B) The man misunderstood the
C) The woman offered to pay for the man’s coffee.
D) The woman spilt coffee
on the man’s jacket.
16. A) Extremely tedious.
B) Hard to understand.
C) Lacking a good plot.
D) Not worth seeing twice.
17. A) Attending every lecture.
B) Doing lots of homework.
C) Reading very extensively.
D) Using test-taking strategies.
18. A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see
what the new system is like.
C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels.
D) The new TV system may not
provide anything better.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) A notice by the electricity board.
B) Ads promoting electric appliances.
C) The description of a thief in disguise.
D) A new policy on pensioners’ welfare.
20. A) Speaking with a proper accent.
B) Wearing an official uniform.
C) Making friends with them.
D) Showing them his ID.
21. A) To be on the alert when being followed.
B) Not to leave senior citizens alone at home.
C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment.
D) To watch out for those from the electricity board.
22. A) She was robbed near the parking lot.
B) All her money in the bank disappeared.
C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen.
D) She was knocked down in the post office.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) Marketing consultancy.
B) Professional accountancy.
C) Luxury hotel management.
D) Business conference organization.
24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs.
B) Knowing some key people in tourism.
C) Having been to the country before.
D) Being able to speak Japanese.
25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.
B) It will involve lots of train travel.
C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.
D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.
Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
26. A) The lack of time.
B) The quality of life.
C) The frustrations at work.
D) The pressure on working families.
27. A) They were just as busy as people of today.
B) They saw the importance of collective efforts.
C) They didn’t complain as much as modern man.
D) They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.
28. A) To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.
B) To explore strategies for lowering production costs.
C) To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.
D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
29. A) Family violence.
B) The Great Depression.
C) Her father’s disloyalty.
D) Her mother’s bad temper.
30. A) His advanced age.
B) His children’s efforts.
C) His improved financial condition.
D) His second wife’s positive influence.
31. A) Love is blind.
B) Love breeds love.
C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences.
D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
32. A) It was located in a park.
B) Its owner died of a heart attack.
C) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.
D) Its potted plants were for lease only.
33. A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse.
B) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper.
C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sign.
D) Helping a customer select some purchases.
34. A) Opening an office in the new office park.
B) Keeping better relations with her company.
C) Developing fresh business opportunities.
D) Building a big greenhouse of his own.
35. A) Owning the greenhouse one day.
B) Securing a job at the office park.
C) Cultivating more potted plants.
D) Finding customers out of town.
Section C
We’re now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information
and knowledge. Physical (36) ________, raw materials, and capital are no longer
the key (37) ________ in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) _______ raw material
in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow’s wealth depends on the development and
exchange of knowledge. And (39) _______ entering the workforce offer their
knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and
their ability to learn. Knowledge workers (40) ________ in mind work. They deal
with symbols: (41) ________, and data.
What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect
to be (42) ________, processing, as well as exchanging information, (43) _______,
three out of hour jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase
sharply
alike
(44)_______________________________________________________________________.
Management
employees
and
in
the
future.
In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training
And
_______________________________________________________________.
(45)
don’t wait for someone to “empower” you. You have to empower yourself.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
(25 minutes)
Section A
Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months
of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly
_47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign
languages was _48_ to a little college French.
I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with
local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed
impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off.
Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you canlearn if youdon’t try.
So I accepted the assignment.
There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an
experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the
most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow
I will manage.
The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each
time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens
to you.
I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know
I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than
others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I
believe I can _56_ wonders.
A) accomplish
B) advanced
C) balloon
D) claim
E) constantly
F) declare
G) interviews
H)limited
I) manufacture
J) moments
K) news
L) reduced
M) regret
N) scary
O) totally
Section B
Passage One
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century,
but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will
argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding
commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments
seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing
it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know
enough
technological
breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.
and –without
warming,
major
to
relieve
global
From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion
to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the
same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher
in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy.
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty
and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and
greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal
freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global
warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider
the KyotoProtocol(京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those
that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and
many signatories ( 签 字 国 ) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their
2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the
only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development
program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem
when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t
solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.
58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global
warming?
A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.
A) economic growth
B) the widening gap between the rich and poor
C) wasteful use of energy
D) the rapid advances of science and technology
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
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