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THEARTOFMOLECULARDYNAMICSSIMULATIONTheextremelypowerfultechniqueofmoleculardynamicssimulationinvolvessolv-ingtheclassicalmany-bodyproblemincontextsrelevanttothestudyofmatterattheatomisticlevel.Sincethereisnoalternativeapproachcapableofhandlingthisbroadrangeofproblemsattherequiredlevelofdetail,moleculardynamicsmeth-odshaveprovedthemselvesindispensableinbothpureandappliedresearch.Thisbookisablendoftutorialandrecipecollection,providingbothanintroductiontothesubjectforbeginnersandareferencemanualformoreexperiencedpractition-ers.Itisorganizedasaseriesofcasestudiesthattakethereaderthrougheachofthestepsfromformulatingtheproblem,developingthenecessarysoftware,andthenusingtheprogramstomakeactualmeasurements.Thissecondeditionhasbeenextensivelyrevisedandenlarged.Itcontainsasub-stantialamountofnewmaterialandthesoftwareusedinthecasestudieshasbeencompletelyrewritten.DennisRapaportreceivedhisB.Sc.andM.Sc.degreesinphysicsfromtheUni-versityofMelbourne,andhisPh.D.intheoreticalphysicsfromKing’sCollege,UniversityofLondon.HeisaProfessorofPhysicsatBar-IlanUniversityandiscurrentlydepartmentalchairman.HehasheldvisitingappointmentsatCornellUni-versityandIBMinNewYork,isanAdjunctProfessorattheUniversityofGeorgiaandaFellowoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.Hisinterestincomputermodelingemergedduringhisundergraduateyearsandhispresentresearchinterestsincludeboththemethodologyofmoleculardynamicssimulationanditsapplicationtoavarietyoffields.
THEARTOFMOLECULARDYNAMICSSIMULATIONSecondEditionD.C.RAPAPORT
cambridge university pressCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São PauloCambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UKFirst published in print format isbn-13 978-0-521-82568-9isbn-13 978-0-511-19448-1© Cambridge University Press 1995, Dennis Rapaport 20042004Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521825689This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision ofrelevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take placewithout the written permission of Cambridge University Press.isbn-10 0-511-19448-xisbn-10 0-521-82568-7Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urlsfor external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does notguarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New Yorkwww.cambridge.orghardbackeBook (EBL)eBook (EBL)hardback
ContentsPrefacetothefirsteditionpageixPrefacetothesecondeditionxiiAboutthesoftwarexiii1Introduction11.1Historicalbackground11.2Computersimulation21.3Moleculardynamics41.4Organization81.5Furtherreading102Basicmoleculardynamics112.1Introduction112.2Soft-diskfluid112.3Methodology182.4Programming202.5Results342.6Furtherstudy433Simulatingsimplesystems443.1Introduction443.2Equationsofmotion443.3Potentialfunctions463.4Interactioncomputations493.5Integrationmethods603.6Initialstate673.7Performancemeasurements743.8Trajectorysensitivity773.9Furtherstudy82v
viContents4Equilibriumpropertiesofsimplefluids834.1Introduction834.2Thermodynamicmeasurements844.3Structure904.4Packingstudies964.5Clusteranalysis1124.6Furtherstudy1185Dynamicalpropertiesofsimplefluids1205.1Introduction1205.2Transportcoefficients1205.3Measuringtransportcoefficients1245.4Space–timecorrelationfunctions1345.5Measurements1455.6Furtherstudy1526Alternativeensembles1536.1Introduction1536.2Feedbackmethods1546.3Constraintmethods1656.4Furtherstudy1747Nonequilibriumdynamics1767.1Introduction1767.2Homogeneousandinhomogeneoussystems1767.3Directmeasurement1777.4Modifieddynamics1887.5Furtherstudy1988Rigidmolecules1998.1Introduction1998.2Dynamics2008.3Molecularconstruction2168.4Measurements2228.5Rotationmatrixrepresentation2328.6Furtherstudy2439Flexiblemolecules2459.1Introduction2459.2Descriptionofmolecule2459.3Implementationdetails2479.4Properties2519.5Modelingstructureformation256