2015年4月托福真题回忆及解析.doc

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2015年4月托福真题回忆及解析

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2015年4月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】天高任鸟飞，海阔凭鱼跃；考试的舞台，秀出你的精彩；一宿好睡眠，精神百倍；一颗平常心，沉着应对；一口长舒气，放松压力；祝你金榜题名！以下是无忧考网小编为你搜集整理的2015年4月托福部分真题，希望你喜欢!2015年4月托福举行了两场考试，分别是4月12日及4月18日 4 月 12 曰托福独立写作范文赏析： Do you agree or disagree with the statement: Internet is as important as other service such as building roads that government should make Internet access to all the citizens at no cost. The rapid growth of Internet access makes it convenient to meet people* s demand. Although Internet has brought lots of benefits to our daily life, it is not a necessity. It is too extreme for the government to provide free Internet for all the citizens. Granted, in today’ s society, internet access is important. E-mail has become a standard communication medium, and entertainment is often streamed or downloaded instead of being delivered through more traditional means. However, the internet is more of a luxury than a necessity. People in cities managed fine before the advent of the internet, but they still needed public transportation to get from place to place. If the internet failed tomorrow, we could still call each other via phone or radio. We could still watch movies on DVDs. But Internet access is not as important as building roads. If the transportation failed, people could not live as usual like going to school or visiting some important places —the streets would be filled with so many cars and people that school would probably be over before I could get there. Thus, no matter how big influence the Internet has on our life, it cannot complete with some basic service like building roads. However, it will be a huge expenditure to make sure the Internet available for everyone. More money goes to the Internet means less budget on other fields. Especially in big cities, there are so many issues more important than Internet waiting to be solved. Take public transportation as an example, people in big cities average spend over 2 hours to get to work. The benefits brought from improving roads are greater than improving the Internet. After a survey pooling by the National Development and Reform Commission, ten million on building roads may lead to 0.05% on economic growth, while ten million on Internet access does less good. The same story goes to other aspects like medical care, public education and so on. Furthermore, providing free Internet access does harm to economy. Internet access, operated by many private companies, is hard to administrate all by government. For one thing, the customers will suffer. As one of the new industry, Internet has attracted much private capita! which complete equally. Once made free for charge, the competitive factors like price, speed and after- sale services made before are pointless. A vicious spiral comes as no competition result in worse quality and then less working efficiency. For another, native Internet firm will suffer. It is useless for them to go on. As such business takes up big percentage in emerging market, economy will be influenced. In conclusion, although Internet is increasingly gaining its popularity, it is

not a good idea for the government to invest on free Internet. 4 月 12 日托福独立写作难度分析及范文题目: Internet is as important as other service such as building roads that government should make Internet access to all the citizens at no cost. 这一题是 2014 年北美机经的重复，只改动了不多的内容，在大陆考区是第一次出现。因此对于备考托福的学子而言，北美真题与大陆托福机经同样重要。本题属于不太典型的利弊类题既提到了提供免费网络的优势劣势，又设计了互联网本身的重要性，因此对考生有一些误导的作用。我的建议是化繁为简，既然互联网本身的确很重要，互联网连接和修建公路孰轻孰重不宜作为讨论的重点，重点放在互联网是否应免费就好。题目中已经明确提到了 citizen,对他们的影响当然是要首先考虑的。此外，题目设计政府，自然可考虑对于国家政泊、经济等各方面起到的作用，所以不难想到免费的互联网对于互联网提供商的影响也是很直接的。网络既然免费，供应商的利润自然下滑。对于普通用户而言，免费的网络意味着用户的激增，自然造成服务质量的下降。从这两方面考虑，无论网络本身有多强大的功能，都抵不过这两大弊端带来的影响，所以选择否定是比较容易的立场。 4 月 12 日托福写作参考范文 business would go bankruptcy, all the staff would thus become unemployed, which could be a huge economic and social disaster for government. In conclusion, both considering the privileges for Internet users and the destiny of Internet Despite the huge impact of the Internet, as a convenient tool for educational, vocational and recreational purposes, offering free Internet access should be viewed as a short-sighted, ill- considered proposal. For both personal and commercial concerns, Internet with no charges will inevitably bring about unexpected fallout. Therefore, I hold my point that under no circumstances should the government provide free Internet access for the public. First, for the users of Internet, free of charge means declination of quality. So limited is the total bandwidth of Internet access, that more computers and phones connected to the Internet means slower speed for each individual user. Now, as Internet could be available only after payment, those unwilling to spend money on the Internet leaves fairly enough bandwidth for the registered users. However, were Internet free of charge for citizens, almost everyone, whether with urgent or irrelevant aims, would have connected to the Internet for 24 hours 7 days. Then, without doubt, so many citizens watching online videos, downloading large-scale softwares or chatting via video cam with more than 10 friends, the Internet must be slower than those using a primitive 14.4k modem. So, for the rights to access fast enough Internet, government should never make it free. Second, for the businesses providing Internet access, free Internet services will ruin their future. As Internet become an essential part for people^ s life, many companies working on offering fast, stable Internet access become strong

business tycoons. For instance, Vodafone, one of the largest Internet service provider, has established 14 branches in different countries and recruited over 1.4 million employees. However, were free Internet service emerged, what would probably happen to these fast-growing business? Internet users, finding ways to download music or send voice mails without any charge, will soon abandon these Internet business sending bills to them every month. Then, not only such service providers, I strongly believe that government should never try to make Internet access free. 4 月 12 日托福阅读真题回忆：第一篇： Japan 建筑的 change 第一篇讲的日本建筑风格的改变，第一段概述，大概就是讲日本建筑风格改变和政体及农业改变是相关的。第二段，介绍日本的旧建筑风格是使用很多容易腐蚀的材料，日本人喜欢拆了盖，盖了拆，move and replace,但是也算不上浪费，因为房子需要修葺，坏了的组件拿去扔掉，烧掉，好的组件继续用。第三段，就是说日本政治结合比较多，所以一大家子人住在 palace 里，这里有题，是缩写题。第四段，随着日本发展，他们需要稳定居所，然后发现 china 什么的有个首都，有房子可以随便住，这个好，他们也要这么干. 后来继承中国的方式，就有了主要宫殿和平常休闲的 summer palace。 4 月 12 曰托福阅读词汇题汇下： account for = explain cite = mention detect = observe v.解释 V.引用 V.观察 extensive = large adj.广泛的 feasible = practical adj.可行的 foster = encourage v.促进 frigid = cold adj.极冷的 in essence = basically adv.基本上、本质上

remnant =remainder n.残余部分 remote = isolated adj.偏僻的 scale = size n.规模、范围第—篇：商 Japan 建筑的 change 第一篇讲的日本建筑風格的改变，第一段概述，大概就是讲日本建筑风格改变和政体及农业改变是相关的。第二段，介绍曰本的旧建筑风格是使用很多容易腐蚀的材料，曰本人喜欢拆了盖，盖了拆， move and replace,但是也算不上浪费，因为房子需要修葺，坏了的组件拿去扔掉，烧掉，好的组件继续用。第三段，就是说日本政治结合比较多，所以一大家子人住在 palace 里，这里有题，是缩写题。第四段，随着日本发展，他们需要稳定居所，然后发现 china 什么的有个首都，有房子可以随便住，这个好，他们也要这么干. 后来继承中国的方式，就有了主要宫殿和平常休闲的 summer palace。解析：本文为建筑与历史的跨学科主题，关注的是日本建筑的变化，重复 2012 年大陆题。有关曰本的文章在机经中还是比较常见的，比如考核曰本绘画风格、陶瓷、土地私有化、教育、历史、日本气候、农业等，所以背景知识方面不属于太冷门的. 参考阅读： Japanese architecture has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors (fusuma) were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions. People usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor, traditionally; chairs and high widely used until the 20th century. Since the 19th century, however, Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and post-modern architecture into construction and design, and is today a leader in cutting-edge architectural design and technology. The earliest Japanese architecture was seen in prehistoric times in simple pit- houses and stores that were adapted to a hunter-gatherer population. Influence from Han Dynasty China via Korea saw the introduction of more complex grain stores and ceremonial burial chambers. The introduction into Japan of Buddhism in the sixth century was a catalyst for large-scale temple building using complicated techniques in wood. Influence from the Chinese T’ang and Sui Dynasties led to the foundation of the first permanent capital in Nara. Its checkerboard street layout used the Chinese capita! of Chang'an as a template for its design. A gradual increase in the size of buildings led to standard units of measurement as well as refinements in layout and garden design. The introduction of the tea ceremony emphasised simplicity and modest design as a counterpoint to the excesses of the aristocracy. During the Meiji Restoration of 1868 the history of Japanese architecture was radically changed by two important events. The first was the Kami and Buddhas Separation Act of 1868, which formally separated Buddhism from Shinto and Buddhist temples from Shinto shrines, breaking an association between the two tables were not

which had lasted well over a thousand years and causing, directly and indirectly, immense damage to the nation's architecture. Second, it was then that Japan underwent a period of intense Westernization in order to compete with other developed countries. Initially architects and styles from abroad were imported to Japan but gradually the country taught its own architects and began to express its own style. Architects returning from study with western architects introduced the International Style of modernism into Japan. However, it was not until after the Second World War that Japanese architects made an impression on the international scene, firstly with the work of architects like Kenzo Tange and then with theoretical movements like Metabolism. 第二篇：太阳系的起源大部分科学家认为太阳系是由 large nebulous 开多成的，nebulous 大部分是由氢氦组成，还有一些较重元素。可能由于 5 亿年钱的 supernova 产生 shock wave , nebulius 形成了温度极高的 pre-sun ,之后其他星球渐渐形成。inner planets 讨论了一段（不记得具体的了）outer planets 由于离太阳比较远，温度比较低，有较多 ice 解析：本文属于天文类文章，关注的是太阳系的起源。不管是起源类文章还是太阳系有关文章在 TPO 中都并不少见，所以结构和内容学员都不陌生。需要注意的是，天文类文章部分同学容易出现偏科现象，在考前准备的时候一定要确保覆盖到天文类文章的练习，避免临场发挥失常。参考阅读： The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed. This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre- Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution. In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as

a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it. 第三篇：由于 geological process 形成的岛 ill 与例如 volcanic island 上的物种是由于風、鸟等传播带来的，跟板块形成的岛屿上的物种多样性不一样。由于 4 facts 导致的。前三个在一段讲的，重点讲了第四个，是因为 wind 影响了 rain 从而导致不同。最后一段说了两个特点，考了一个鸟等动物数量说是因为没有 predator, 还有晡乳动物考了一个细节题。分析：本文是生物类文章，关注生物多样性这一很经典的主题。这篇文章相当于一篇较多主题综合的文章，涵盖地质板块、物种传播及捕食者与被捕食者间的关系等，信息教混杂，但是因为单个板块内容在 TP0 中都十分常见，所以整体不是太难。参考阅读： Most animals are capable of locomotion and the basic mechanism of dispersal is movement from one place to another. Locomotion allows the organism to "test" new environments for their suitability, provided they are within the animal's range. Movements are usually guided by inherited behaviors.The formation of barriers to dispersal or gene flow between adjacent areas can isolate populations on either side of the emerging divide. The geographic separation and subsequent genetic isolation of portions of an ancestral population can result in speciation. Plant dispersal mechanism Seed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have limited mobility and consequently rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules, including both abiotic and biotic vectors. Seeds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time. The patterns of seed and this dispersal are determined in large part by the dispersal mechanism has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant populations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water and by animals. Animal dispersal mechanisms There are numerous animal forms that are non—motile, such as sponges, bryozoans, tunicates, sea anemones, corals, and oysters. In common, they are all either marine or aquatic. It may seem curious that plants have been so successful at stationary life on land, while animals have not, but the answer lies in the food supply. Plants produce their own carbon dioxide—both generally more abundant on land than in water. Animals fixed in place must rely on the surrounding medium to bring food at least close enough to grab, and this occurs in the three-dimensional water environment, but with much less abundance in the atmosphere. All of the marine and aquatic invertebrates whose lives are spent fixed to the bottom (more or less; anemones are capable of getting up and reproduction products, or even a sort of alteration of generations as in food from sunlight and

certain cnidaria. provide species achieve of how sedentary good example moving to a new location if conditions warrant) produce dispersal units. These may be specialized "buds", or motile sexual Corals a dispersion. Corals reproduce by releasing sperm and eggs directly into the water. These release events are coordinated by lunar phase in certain warm months, such that all corals of one or many species on a given reef will release on the same single or several consecutive nights. The released eggs are fertilized, and the resulting zygote develops quickly into a multicellular planula. This motile stage then attempts to find a suitable substratum for settlement. Most are unsuccessful and die or are fed upon by zooplankton and bottom dwelling predators such as anemones and other corals. However, untold millions are produced, and a few do succeed in locating spots of bare limestone, where they settle and transform by growth into a polyp. All things being favorable, the single polyp grows into a coral head by budding off new polyps to form a colony. The majority of all animals are motile. Although motile animals can, in theory, disperse themselves by their spontaneous and independent locomotive powers, a great many species utilize the existing kinetic energies in the environment, resulting in passive movement. Dispersal by water currents is especially associated with the physically small inhabitants of marine waters known as zooplankton. Dispersal by dormant stages Many animal species, especially freshwater invertebrates, are able to disperse by wind or by transfer with an aid of larger animals (birds, mammals or fishes) as dormant eggs, dormant embryos or, in some cases, dormant adult stages. Tardigrades, some rotifers and some copepods are able to withstand desiccation as adult dormant stages. Many other taxa (Cladocera, Bryozoa, Hydra, Copepoda and so on) can disperse as dormant eggs or embryos. Freshwater sponges usually have special dormant propagules called gemmulae for such a dispersal. Many kinds of dispersal dormant stages are able to withstand not only desiccation and low and high temperature, but also action of digestive enzymes during their transfer through digestive tracts of birds and other animals, high concentration of salts and many kinds of toxicants. Such dormant-resistant stages made possible the long- distance dispersal from one water body to another and broad distribution ranges of many freshwater animals. 4 月 12 日托福考试情况听力部分本周托福考试情况没有出现 AB 卷，只有一套考题。两篇 conversation 都涉及到学生和老师的对话。大部分考生在这次考试中遇到第三个 section。。四篇 lecture 文章分别为社会科学，生命科学，艺术史，还有自然科学的文章，文章题材形式都是同学们在强化班或精讲精练班中，精听和精做过的文章。 Conversation 1 学生和 art 教授的对话，讨论把教具更换环保的材料，请求 art department 多用环保型材料，教师要他做预算并且提交 proposal

解析：要听清学生找老师的目的：具更换环保材料的教具。要听清老师给的解决方案：提交预算和 proposal。没有涉及到任何学术内容；难度一般。Lecture 1 用不同的方法检测 pottery 的好处,能够从 pottery 上看出时代和文化交融什么的。解析：考古学的文章，用不同的方法来检测 pottery。 Lecture 2 达尔文鸟的进化，然后还有个 G 的试验持续时间很长，并观察到了鸟的 beak 的变化，证明进化存在。解析：生命科学的文章，讲鸟的进化。要听懂那个 G 的试验。试验证明了鸟 beak 的比那话，已经进化的存在。 Conversation 2 学生去打印传单，为了给幼儿园宣传，募捐买沙盒，然后学生本人失去幼儿园实习的。彩色打印机不能用了，要等一两天，但是幼儿园没有钱，所以要募捐捐款, 但是如果是黑白的就马上能用。同学去找男教授印传单，男教授很感兴趣，所以也要一份，价格 50 刀。解析：学生和大学 employee 的对话。要听到学生找老师目的：打印传单，募捐买沙盒的费用。原因是由于彩色打印已经不能用了，幼儿园又没钱，所以要募捐。男生找老师，老师给出解决方案，难度系数一般. Lecture3 讲法国画家伦勃朗会带学生，所以很难分辨他和学生的作品，但是研究发现伦勃朗有独特的画画方式，就是把画分为几块，而塞尚则是会一大块一起画。有人提出了 X-ray and auto radiation (可以看到阴影），只能看到最底层的颜色，其他都看不出，现在用另一种 a 什么的方法研究画作，就能知道每种颜色留在画布上的时间，然后帮助科学家成功发现了他的绘画技巧。解析：文学艺术类的文章，讲艺术家勃朗特。讲到这位艺术家的画画方式，中间出现了和另外一个艺术家（塞尚）的对比，重点要听清两种艺术家的异同点。 Lecture4 这—篇说 environmentally oil 的制作方法，热化学分解比起他的要好，所以介绍了热化学分解的一些具体步骤和优势，最后又说用这个代替石油，因为这种方法还需要很长的时间。解析：自然科学话题的文章。讲 environmentally oil 的制作，具体讲到热化学分解的优势和步骤，这个需要听清楚。最后又讲到想用这种油代替石油，教授说这个还需要很长时间。 4 月 12 日托福独立口语真题回忆： Task 1 What should parents do to help their children to succeed in school? 本题需结合实际生活经验进行答题，切入点是 children succeed in the school。可以先列举哪些事能够帮助孩子在学校里“成功”。比如：督促完成作业(help supervise the children to finish his homework) 或者帮助孩子解答一些可能遇到的疑问(answer some questions that the children might have)，更为广泛的方面可以谈一谈以身作则(try to show their kids how to be a good student)，结合举例法可以非常容易地填充内容

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