MIMO-OFDM+WIRELESS+COMMUNICATIONS+WITH+MATLAB.pdf

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MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®

Contents

Preface

Limits of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty of Software

1 The Wireless Channel: Propagation and Fading

1.1 Large-Scale Fading

1.1.1 General Path Loss Model

1.1.2 Okumura/Hata Model

1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d Model

1.2 Small-Scale Fading

1.2.1 Parameters for Small-Scale Fading

1.2.2 Time-Dispersive vs. Frequency-Dispersive Fading

1.2.3 Statistical Characterization and Generation of Fading Channel

2 SISO Channel Models

2.1 Indoor Channel Models

2.1.1 General Indoor Channel Models

2.1.2 IEEE 802.11 Channel Model

2.1.3 Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) Channel Model

2.1.4 UWB Channel Model

2.2 Outdoor Channel Models

2.2.1 FWGN Model

2.2.2 Jakes Model

2.2.3 Ray-Based Channel Model

2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel Model

2.2.5 SUI Channel Model

3 MIMO Channel Models

3.1 Statistical MIMO Model

3.1.1 Spatial Correlation

3.1.2 PAS Model

3.2 I-METRA MIMO Channel Model

3.2.1 Statistical Model of Correlated MIMO Fading Channel

3.2.2 Generation of Correlated MIMO Channel Coefficients

3.2.3 I-METRA MIMO Channel Model

3.2.4 3GPP MIMO Channel Model

3.3 SCM MIMO Channel Model

3.3.1 SCM Link-Level Channel Parameters

3.3.2 SCM Link-Level Channel Modeling

3.3.3 Spatial Correlation of Ray-Based Channel Model

4 Introduction to OFDM

4.1 Single-Carrier vs. Multi-Carrier Transmission

4.1.1 Single-Carrier Transmission

4.1.2 Multi-Carrier Transmission

4.1.3 Single-Carrier vs. Multi-Carrier Transmission

4.2 Basic Principle of OFDM

4.2.1 OFDM Modulation and Demodulation

4.2.2 OFDM Guard Interval

4.2.3 OFDM Guard Band

4.2.4 BER of OFDM Scheme

4.2.5 Water-Filling Algorithm for Frequency-Domain Link Adaptation

4.3 Coded OFDM

4.4 OFDMA: Multiple Access Extensions of OFDM

4.4.1 Resource Allocation – Subchannel Allocation Types

4.4.2 Resource Allocation – Subchannelization

4.5 Duplexing

5 Synchronization for OFDM

5.1 Effect of STO

5.2 Effect of CFO

5.2.1 Effect of Integer Carrier Frequency Offset (IFO)

5.2.2 Effect of Fractional Carrier Frequency Offset (FFO)

5.3 Estimation Techniques for STO

5.3.1 Time-Domain Estimation Techniques for STO

5.3.2 Frequency-Domain Estimation Techniques for STO

5.4 Estimation Techniques for CFO

5.4.1 Time-Domain Estimation Techniques for CFO

5.4.2 Frequency-Domain Estimation Techniques for CFO

5.5 Effect of Sampling Clock Offset

5.5.1 Effect of Phase Offset in Sampling Clocks

5.5.2 Effect of Frequency Offset in Sampling Clocks

5.6 Compensation for Sampling Clock Offset

5.7 Synchronization in Cellular Systems

5.7.1 Downlink Synchronization

5.7.2 Uplink Synchronization

6 Channel Estimation

6.1 Pilot Structure

6.1.1 Block Type

6.1.2 Comb Type

6.1.3 Lattice Type

6.2 Training Symbol-Based Channel Estimation

6.2.1 LS Channel Estimation

6.2.2 MMSE Channel Estimation

6.3 DFT-Based Channel Estimation

6.4 Decision-Directed Channel Estimation

6.5 Advanced Channel Estimation Techniques

6.5.1 Channel Estimation Using a Superimposed Signal

6.5.2 Channel Estimation in Fast Time-Varying Channels

6.5.3 EM Algorithm-Based Channel Estimation

6.5.4 Blind Channel Estimation

7 PAPR Reduction

7.1 Introduction to PAPR

7.1.1 Definition of PAPR

7.1.2 Distribution of OFDM Signal

7.1.3 PAPR and Oversampling

7.1.4 Clipping and SQNR

7.2 PAPR Reduction Techniques

7.2.1 Clipping and Filtering

7.2.2 PAPR Reduction Code

7.2.3 Selective Mapping

7.2.4 Partial Transmit Sequence

7.2.5 Tone Reservation

7.2.6 Tone Injection

7.2.7 DFT Spreading

8 Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation Techniques

8.1 Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Technique

8.1.1 Fractional Frequency Reuse

8.1.2 Soft Frequency Reuse

8.1.3 Flexible Fractional Frequency Reuse

8.1.4 Dynamic Channel Allocation

8.2 Inter-Cell Interference Randomization Technique

8.2.1 Cell-Specific Scrambling

8.2.2 Cell-Specific Interleaving

8.2.3 Frequency-Hopping OFDMA

8.2.4 Random Subcarrier Allocation

8.3 Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation Technique

8.3.1 Interference Rejection Combining Technique

8.3.2 IDMA Multiuser Detection

9 MIMO: Channel Capacity

9.1 Useful Matrix Theory

9.2 Deterministic MIMO Channel Capacity

9.2.1 Channel Capacity when CSI is Known to the Transmitter Side

9.2.2 Channel Capacity when CSI is Not Available at the Transmitter Side

9.2.3 Channel Capacity of SIMO and MISO Channels

9.3 Channel Capacity of Random MIMO Channels

10 Antenna Diversity and Space-Time Coding Techniques

10.1 Antenna Diversity

10.1.1 Receive Diversity

10.1.2 Transmit Diversity

10.2 Space-Time Coding (STC): Overview

10.2.1 System Model

10.2.2 Pairwise Error Probability

10.2.3 Space-Time Code Design

10.3 Space-Time Block Code (STBC)

10.3.1 Alamouti Space-Time Code

10.3.2 Generalization of Space-Time Block Coding

10.3.3 Decoding for Space-Time Block Codes

10.3.4 Space-Time Trellis Code

11 Signal Detection for Spatially Multiplexed MIMO Systems

11.1 Linear Signal Detection

11.1.1 ZF Signal Detection

11.1.2 MMSE Signal Detection

11.2 OSIC Signal Detection

11.3 ML Signal Detection

11.4 Sphere Decoding Method

11.5 QRM-MLD Method

11.6 Lattice Reduction-Aided Detection

11.6.1 Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) Algorithm

11.6.2 Application of Lattice Reduction

11.7 Soft Decision for MIMO Systems

11.7.1 Log-Likelihood-Ratio (LLR) for SISO Systems

11.7.2 LLR for Linear Detector-Based MIMO System

11.7.3 LLR for MIMO System with a Candidate Vector Set

11.7.4 LLR for MIMO System Using a Limited Candidate Vector Set

Appendix 11.A Derivation of Equation (11.23)

12 Exploiting Channel State Information at the Transmitter Side

12.1 Channel Estimation on the Transmitter Side

12.1.1 Using Channel Reciprocity

12.1.2 CSI Feedback

12.2 Precoded OSTBC

12.3 Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System

12.4 Antenna Selection Techniques

12.4.1 Optimum Antenna Selection Technique

12.4.2 Complexity-Reduced Antenna Selection

12.4.3 Antenna Selection for OSTBC

13 Multi-User MIMO

13.1 Mathematical Model for Multi-User MIMO System

13.2 Channel Capacity of Multi-User MIMO System

13.2.1 Capacity of MAC

13.2.2 Capacity of BC

13.3 Transmission Methods for Broadcast Channel

13.3.1 Channel Inversion

13.3.2 Block Diagonalization

13.3.3 Dirty Paper Coding (DPC)

13.3.4 Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding

References

Index

MIMO-OFDM WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS WITH MATLAB Ò

MIMO-OFDM WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS WITH MATLAB Ò Yong Soo Cho Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea Jaekwon Kim Yonsei University, Republic of Korea Won Young Yang Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea Chung G. Kang Korea University, Republic of Korea

Copyright Ó 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop, # 02-01, Singapore 129809 Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as expressly permitted by law, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate photocopy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Requests for permission should be addressed to the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809, tel: 65-64632400, fax: 65-64646912, email: enquiry@wiley.com. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. All trademarks referred to in the text of this publication are the property of their respective owners. is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the MATLAB accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB software or related products does not Ò Ò Ò software. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Ofﬁces John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstrasse 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 42 McDougall Street, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 5353 Dundas Street West, Suite 400, Toronto, ONT, M9B 6H8, Canada Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data MIMO-OFDM wireless communications with MATLAB Ò / Yong Soo Cho ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-82561-7 (cloth) 1. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. 2. MIMO systems. 3. MATLAB TK5103.484.M56 2010 621.384–dc22 2010013156 Ò . I. Cho, Yong Soo. Print ISBN: 978-0-470-82561-7 ePDF ISBN: 978-0-470-82562-4 oBook ISBN: 978-0-470-82563-1 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Thomson Digital, Noida, India. This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.

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