2017年山东青岛科技大学基础英语考研真题.doc

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2017 年山东青岛科技大学基础英语考研真题 Part I Vocabulary and Grammar. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that is the most appropriate from the four choices given below. (30 points) 1. What he has been saying is completely ______ to what we are discussing. A. detached B. exceptional C. impertinent D. irrelevant 2. They ______ chance to make contact with outsiders. A. had almost no B. hardly had any C. hardly had no D. almost had no 3. The fans have been waiting at the airport for many hours to see the film star, but the airplane must have been ______. A. off time B. on time C. behind schedule D. ahead of schedule 4. I would have paid ______ for my car if the salesman had insisted, because I really wanted it. A. as much twice B. twice as much C. much twice D. two times 5. Danny told me his phone number many times ______. A. and I yet couldn’t remember it C. and I couldn’t remember it yet B. and yet I couldn’t remember it D. and I couldn’t remember yet it 6. The ______ garden looks very beautiful. A. new-built B. built new C. newly-built D. newly building 7. Mr. Steward is ______ to our party. A. more pleased than to come C. more than pleased to come B. more pleased to come than D. more pleasing than to come 8. Twenty workers have been this month already. A. laid out B. laid off C. laid up D. laid away 9. A man who has always led an open-air life would find it difficult to an office job. in A. set in B. settle in C. set down D. settle down 10. Three thousand students the examination every year but very few pass. A. are candidates for B. look for C. go for D. apply for 11. The chairman his speech by thanking the staff for their hard work. A. wound up B. ran up C. made up D. put up 12. Some of the tapes in the language lab have been and should be replaced. A. worn up B. worn off C. worn out D. worn down 13. He lost his reputation and all his money, but his good friends him. A. stood aside B. stood by C. stood off D. stood out 14. She after working for three months without a break. A. worn down B. run down C. brought down D. put down 15. If you Bob, would you please tell him that I am looking for him? A. run over B. run after C. run into D. run down 16. The teacher the students for their laziness.

A. repelled B. relied C. reproached D. redeemed 17. She is like a woman I knew 20 years ago. A. on earth B. exactly what to do or say. 18. I C. for all she is worth D. all the same A. was at my brain’s end C. was at my wisdom’s end B. was at my wit’s end D. was at my thought’s end 19. This arrangement . A. suits me down to the ground C. is what against my wish B. is exactly what I don’t want D. is the last thing I wanted 20. this fact, we are led to wonder if the man is still alive in the desert. D. In spite B. In accordance with C. Considering A. According to of 21. The expert found this gem to be . A. scattered B. artificial C. inferior D. identical 22. The scientist spent months on machine. A. a proper B. an elaborate C. a prosperous D. a bewildered 23. After much research the engineer found solution to the problem. A. a simple D. a practical 24. Corruption among public servants in the local government of Milan was ______ in the nation’s network. C. an ingenious B. a logical A. found B. detected C. exposed D. commented 25. His wide ______ of the newspaper world enabled him to make a success of his job as a sub-editor. A. career B. experiment C. experience D. profession 26. Franklin’s talent as an inventor was matched by his ______ as a statesman. A. identity B. recognition C. dedication D. ability 27. It’s a common expression to characterize something as “light as air”, but air is ______ “light”. A. so B. rather C. hardly D. somewhat 28. The project is not ______ a failure. It is a success in some respects. D. therefore B. nevertheless A. altogether C. but 29. Do you know the name of that ______ insect? A. funny, little, red, mosquito-like C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like B. little, funny, red, mosquito-like D. red, mosquito-like, funny, little 30. “In the past ten years, there have been many changes in family life.” “Are these changes ______?” A. for better or for worse C. for the good or for the bad B. for best or for worse D. for the better or for the worse Part II Reading Comprehension. Read the article carefully, and then, answer the questions in Section A, B and C. (50 points) A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups

are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called “herd-poisoning”. Like alcohol, herd-poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness. Reading is a private, not a collective activity. The writer speaks only to individuals, sitting by themselves in a state of normal sobriety. The rotator speaks to masses of individuals, already well-primed with herd-poison. They are at his mercy and, if he knows his business, he can do what he likes with them. Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies. They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for slogans, the unqualified assertion and sweeping generalizations which are the propaganda’ s stock-in-trade. Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgement or to feel doubt. The propagandist must, therefore, be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification. There are no greys in his picture of the world; everything is either devilishly black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with different point of view might be particularly right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated. Virtue and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freely associating with other individuals in small groups. So do sin and stupidity. But the subhuman mindlessness to which the agitator makes his appeal, the moral imbecility on which he replies when he agitates his victims into action, are characteristic not of men and women in masses. Mindlessness and moral idiocy are not characteristically human attributes; they are symptoms of herd-poisoning. In all the world, higher religions, salvation and enlightenment are for individuals. The kingdom of heaven is within the mind of a person, not within the collective mindlessness of a crowd. In an age of accelerating over-population, of accelerating over-organization and ever more efficient means of mass communication, how can we preserve the integrity and reassert the value of the human individual? This is a question that can be too late to find an answer and perhaps impossible, in the oppressive collective

climate of that future time, even to ask the question. Section A. Briefly answer the following questions. (20 points) 31. Give a brief title to this essay. (2 points) 32. What is the main point of the first paragraph? Choose from the following: (1 points) A. Groups are not very different from individuals, but crowds certainly are very different from them. B. A man or a woman living in a society has to belong to either a group or a crowd. C. Herd-poison is like alcohol. D. Crowds are more powerful than individuals. 33. Is it likely that a writer will be a good leader of masses? Why? (3 points) 34. Can there be a crowd of intellectuals and philosophers? Why? (3 points) 35. There is one paragraph in the essay which tells us why the author discusses at such length the difference between individuals and masses. Which paragraph? (1 points) 36. Look at paragraph 2, 3, 4 and 5. Two paragraphs in the essay discuss more or less the same point; the other two each have a different point. Which two have more or less the same point? Which two each have a different point? (2 points) 37. The following list are characteristic of individuals/groups and crowds/masses. Classify them accordingly. (5 points) Individuals/groups: Crowds/masses: A. Being easily influenced by public speeches. B. Having doubts about things that seem to be obviously right. C. Not tolerating any opposition. D. Thinking things out logically, on the basis of evidence. E. Over-simplifying and generalizing. F. Virtue and intelligence. G. Sin and stupidity. H. Being unable to decide whether certain things are good or bad. I. Reading books. J. Having faith in a leader and obeying all his orders. 38. In the last paragraph, the author mentions three factors which are increasing the power of masses in our age. What are these factors? (3 points) Section B. Look at paragraph 3 and 4. Choosing the best alternative (A, B, C or D) under each. (20 points) 39. The first sentence of paragraph 3 suggests that A. all individuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. B. groups consist of intellectuals. C. intellectuals behave like individuals, not like members of a crowd. D. individuals are intellectuals. 40. The majority of people A. resist propaganda. C. work well with intellectuals. B. do not possess a critical habit of mind. D. possess a critical habit of mind.

41. Intellectuals are the kind of people who A. demand logical inconsistencies and fallacies. B. ignore faulty, logic and wrong belief. C. look for evidence in support of logical inconsistencies and fallacies. D. accept only those things which are logically consistent and well-supported by evidence. 42. An ‘unqualified assertion’ is A. a statement which does not allow for any conditions or exceptions. B. a statement made by a person who does not possess any qualifications. C. a statement which cannot be disproved. D. a statement which is made by a propagandist or a businessman. 43. Slogans A. are used by individuals, just as over-simplifications are used by masses. B. are usually over-simplifications, unqualified assertions of sweeping generalizations. C. are of no use to the propagandist. D. are regarded as over-simplifications by the masses. 44. Philosophy teaches us A. to feel certain only about those things which seem self-evident. B. to feel certain only about those things that do not seem self-evident. C. to question even those things that are usually taken for granted. D. to feel uncertain about even those things that are well-supported by logically acceptable evidence. 45. Propaganda teaches us A. to feel doubt about matters which are self-evident. B. to accept as reasonable matters which are self-evident. C. to suspend our judgement about matters which are self-evident. D. to accept without question even those matters which are not self-evident. 46. The author mentions black, white and grey A. as representing bad, good and doubtful matters. B. as representing propagandists, philosophers and the common people. C. as being the basic colors in the world around us. D. as representing matters that are clear and self-evident. 47. A philosopher A. must never admit that he might be wrong. B. is willing to admit that he might be wrong. C. must be prepared that he might be wrong. D. must never admit that the propagandist might be right. 48. The last sentence of paragraph 4 talks about arguing with opponents, attacking them, shouting them down and liquidating them. The important distinction here is A. between arguing and the rest. B. between liquidating and the rest. C. between all these methods of treating opponents and philosophy. D. between propaganda and all these methods.

Section C. Vocabulary. Match the words under A with the meanings under B. (10 points) A 49 propaganda 50 generalization 51 panic 52 attribute on only one 53 dogmatic 54 fallacy 55 practical belief or opinion 56 rage 57 rationality 58 celestially facts in such particular without proof B (a) stubborn (b) quality (c) confusion (d) far-reaching statement based or two instances (e) unreasoning fear (f) false of mistaken idea, (g) blame (h) as in heaven (i) the organized spreading of a way as to gain support for a point of view (j) great anger (k) making strong statements (l) use of reason (m) realistic Part III Translation. Put the following passages into Chinese / English. (40 points) 59. (20 points) 说到筷子的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少 3000 年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，虽然只有两根小细棒，但功能却不少，比如挑拣、移动、搅拌、夹或挖。筷子不仅便于使用，而且价格便宜，是世界上独有的餐具。使用筷子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。 60. (20 points) The three sacred words “duty”, “honor”, and “country” solemnly dictate what you should be, what you can be, and what you will be. They urge you to build courage when courage seems to fail, to remain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes abandoned. These words teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for action; not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm, to have compassion on those who fall; to master yourself before you seek to master others, to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past; to be serious, yet never take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. In short, these words teach you to be a militant fighter and a gentleman. Part IV Writing (30 points)

61. Smart phone makes people’s life so convenient. Meanwhile, it is condemned as a monster. What’s your opinion? Please write a 300-word article on this issue with a Marks and appropriateness. organization, content, grammar title. will be awarded for

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