Jun．2004 Volume 3，No．6(Serial No．12) China·USA Business Review，ISSN 1537·1514 USA-China Business Review(Journa1)，Inc．，USA structure Analysis of China Railway Management Information Systems XinMa Xiaoxia Wang Abstract：Taking 1 3 kinds of railway management information systems for business as an example， architecture grade analysis is adopted tO quantize information interchange relationship between railway information systems and tO divide them into multistage grade architecture，which will guide the leap development of China railway informatization． Key words：management information system systematical plan architecture grade analysis railway 1．Introduction Through architecture grade analysis approach，we analyze the whole structure of complicated system with related matrix principle in graph theory,define relation between every key element in the system，and divide the system into multistage grade architecture．This description method gives qualitative analysis tO unsure potential relation of system and offers basis for quantitative description．By this means tO quantize the information interchange relationship between railway information systems and divide them into multistage grade architecture， it will prevent the lack of emphases caused by traditional information six levels hierarchical stmcture model， which enumerate application systems briefly．This will guide the leap development of China rai lway informatization to ascertain the most important mission． Based on Research of China Railway Information Sharing Demanding Analysis and Frame Structure，the research of architecture grade analysis will make qualitative analysis standardization and quantification．Taking 1 3 kinds of railway business Management Information Systems(MISs)as example，which are secufit~capital construction，plan，personnel，labor and capital，statistics，vehicles，beaconage services，power and water supply， locomotives，engineering services，financial accounting and transportation，this paper explains how tO operate this method and how to draw a conclusion． 2．Operation and Application of the Model 2．1 StepsforInstance 2．1．1 Set up directional graph of information interchange flow between MISs Investigate information—interchanging relation between every railway business function and draw directional graph of information interchange flow between MISs(Fig．1)．This graph is made up of nodes and lines and ’Xin Ma，Ph．D．candidate of School of Economics and Management，Bering Jiaotong University，majoring in management science and engineering；Address：Doctoral Class 2001，Mailbox 235，School of Economics＆Management，Bering Jiaotong University,Beijing，Postcode：100044． ”Xiaoxia Wang．Post Doctor of School of Traffic and Transportation，Beijing Jiaotong University；Her main research field is logistics；Address：Doctoral Class 2001，Mailbox 235，School of Economics＆Management，Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing， Postcode：l00044；E．mail：1 63wxx@l 63．corn． 35 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 

Structure Analysis of China Railway Management Information Systems describes inter-influence between MISs by lines with arrowhead． There are direct and indirect influence between every MISs，which can be measured by adjoining matrix and reachable matrix Adjoining matrix M is boolean matrix t0 show the direct influence between every adjoining elements of the directional graph．Every relation between two relevant adjoining elements of matrix can be d．efined by two value relation(R)．Set up row element Si and column element Sj of matrix．SiRSj=1 Stands for there is a direct influence between the two values；SiRS』=0，if not． Fig．1 Directional Graph of Information Interchange Flow between MISs Reachable matrix will show the reachable degree between every node by certain route，namely indirect influence．It can be gotten by several times operation with adjoining matrix and unit matrix．If (M+ ≠(M+，) ≠(M+，) ≠…≠(M+，) =(M+，) ，reachable matrix is R=(M+，) ～．Element ，=1 in reachable matrix shows this node having(r-1)routes tO reach．Reachable matrix R is boolean matrix and the operation is boolean operation．Because(M+，) =(M+，) ，reachable matrix in this instance is R；(M十，) ． The adjoining matrix M and reachable matrix R are as follows． “书”in Matrix R stands for atIsent relation in original matrix(M+I)，which reflects indirect relation between elements． 36 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 

Structure Analysis of China Railway Management Information Systems 品 S 量 s2 s3 rl 墨S ．S7品禺 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 l 0 O O l O O O O O O O O l l O O 1 0 0 O O O O O O 0 O 1 O l 0 0 O O O l O O 0 O O l l O O O O O 1 O O 0 O O 0 l 0 O 0 0 0 l 0 l 0 0 0 O l l O O O O l l l 0 0 O O l 0 1 0 O O l l l 0 0 0 O 1 O O l O O l l l 0 0 O 0 1 0 0 0 l O 1 l l O O O O 1 0 0 0 O l l l O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O l 0 l 0 O O O 1 l 1 l l l l l 2 3 R= 2．1．2 Partition architecture grade Composing matrix R into two sets of collection：(1)reachable collection R(S )of S ，which gathers all relevant elements that S can arrive；(2)forward collection A(S )of Sf，which gathers．all elements that may arrive S ．There iS no element that can arrive the highest level element in a multistage architecture．So reachable collection R(S )only has itself and the same leve1 elements have strong connection．The forward collection A(S ) of the highest．grade element includes itself and subordinate elements that can reach．If R(Sf)n A(Sf)=R(Sf)，Sf will be the highest grade element．Cross out the highest grade elements，and then with the same method get sub—grade elements，until divide every elements according to grade．尺(． f J，A(S )and R(S，)nA(S，)ofexample as table 1． In table l,element 1 and 1 2，there are highest level element，then cross out the 1 st and l 2th row and the element 1 and 1 2 in every row，and follow this R(Sf)fq A(Sf)=R(Sf)principle，we will finally get the structure order S={1，12，6，2，4，5，7，8，9，10，1 1，13,3】and the new matrix R． Table 1 Reachable Collection and Forward Collection of Matrix R Sf R(Sf) A(Sf) R(Sf)n A(Sf) l l 1，2,3，7，8，9，10，1 1，13 1 2 l，2，6，l2 2，3， 2 3 1，2,3，6，12 3 3 4 4，6，l2 4 4 5 5,6．12 5 5 6 6．12 2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10，11，l3 6 7 l，6，7，8，9，l0，1l，l2，13 7，8，9，l0，11，13 7，8，9，l0，l1，1 3 8 1，6,7，8，9，10，11，12，13 7，8，9，l0，l l，l3 7，8，9，l0，l l，l3 9 I，6，7，8，9，l0，11，12，13 7,8，9，10，ll，l3 7,8，9，l0，11，l3 lO 1，6,7，8，9，10，11，12，13 7，8，9，l0，l l，l3 7，8，9，l0，ll，l3 ll 1，6,7，8，9，10，1 1，12，13 7，8，9，l0 l l，l3 7，8，9，l0，l 1，l3 l2 l2 2,3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10，11，12，13 l2 l3 1，6，7，8，9，l0，1 1，12，l3 7,8，9，l0，l 1，l3 7,8，9，10。11，13 37 O O 0 0 0 O 1 1 1 0 l O r r 1 1 l l 1 l 1 1 l 1 O O 0 O 0 O r r r r 0 0 0 O O 0 0 r r r●广O 0 O 0 O O 0 r r●r r O 0 0 0 0 0 0 r r r r O● 0 0 0 O O 0 r r r r 0● 0 l l 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 O l 0 0 O O O O O 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0●0 O O 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 O O O 0 ●0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 O O ．_0 O 0 1 1 O 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 

Structure Analysis of China Railway Management Information Systems Sl St2 6 2 S4 S5 S7 S8 S9 Sl0 SIl l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l l 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 1 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 l l 0 0 0 l l l l l l 0 l l 1 0 0 0 l l l l l l 0 1 l l 0 0 0 l 1 l l l l 0 l l l 0 0 0 l l 1 l 1 l 0 l l l 0 0 0 l l l l 1 l 0 l 1 1 0 0 0 l 1 1 l l l 0 l 1 l l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Si3 3 7， 8， 9，Sm，Sll and Sl3：Form a sub—matrix whose elements are l，and they have a s~ong circular connection． 2．1．3 Draw architecture grade graph According to the above result,we call draw all architecture grade graph of information interchange flow between MISsasFig．2． 2．2 Conclusions and Suggeslton of the Instance Architecture grade relation an5 constitution of railway MISs have the following characters：(1)transportation， vehicles，beaconage services，power and water supply,locomotives and engineering services MISs have a strong circular connection；(2)security a]1d financial accounting MISs are at the first stage of railway MIss，at which information from other business M][Ss will arrive finally；(3)personnel，labor and capital MIS are at the same grade， and they have the same position and business nature；(4)statistics MIS lies in the second stage and the information of concrete business MISs will reach i1=；(5)plan MIS has no MIs to reach it and lies in the lowest grade． 38 Secu rity MIS(1) capital construction MIS(2) Tr|dl sport lltiOn MlS(I 3) Financial Accounting M IS(1 2) Statistics M IS(6) Ven1CIe MIS(7) Locom otive MIS(1O) ： s MIS(11) P1an MIS(3) abour＆ l st grude 2nd grade Person ne MIS(4) 3rd grade ……………一- 4th grade Fig．2 Architecture Grade Graph of Information Interchange Flow between MISs According tO such architectur。grade relation，the integration of railway MISs should combine uanspo~afion， 风 印 lI R ii___---___1．- 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 

Structure Analysis of China Railway Management Information Systems vehicles，beaconage services，power and water supply,locomotives and engineering services MISs as basis and core，and be guided by security and financial accounting MISs to full play their impetus and pulling role，which will drive the overall fast great—leap-forward development of railway informatization． 3．Conclusions and Meaning Architecture grade analysis can measure information interchange relation of MISs，which will guide the planning construction of industry’S MISs．MISs with strong connection has priority of integration and development．The higher grade of MISs，the more preferential the plan and design are． References： 1．Xue Hua Cheng．Management Information System(the3 ed)，Beijing：publishing house of Tsing—Hua University，1 999(5)：263 2．Li Guo Gang，Li Bao Shan．Management Systems Engineering，Beijing；Publishing House of People’S University of China，1 998(3)：1 07-1 1 9 3．Research group of“Research on China Railway Information Sharing Demanding Analysis and Frame Structure”，Research on China Railway Information Sharing Demanding Analysis and Frame Structure，Beijing； Beijing Jiaotong University,2003 (Edited by Junjie Tian，Wanyong Liu and Xiaoying Lu) (continuedfrom Page 16) demand and the supply follow certain probability distribution．Hence，scientific hypotheses are the guidance tO solve problems．By in~oducing stochastic process，this paper makes hypotheses on suppliers’delivery and the course of customers’ordering under the mode of e-commerce and thus develops existing(S，Q)model into(t，S) model to study sourcing cost under e-commerce mode．Though the(t，S)model presented by US is on basis of sole supplier,it is the foundation to study multi—supplier and it also has important significance to conduce practical supply chain management． References： 1．D．RChristy and J．R．Grout．Safeguarding Supply Chain Relationships．International Journal of Production Economics，1 994，vo1．36：233—242 2．S．S．Prabhu，S．Talpade and N．Ramarapu．Supplier Integration：Impact of Sole Sourcing，Multiple Sourcing and Vertical Integration on Firm Profitability．International Journal of Material and Product Technology, vo1．1 2，1 997，NOV．4—6：269—278 3．R．Ganeshan，J．E．Tyworth and Y．Guo．Dual soured supply chains：the discounted supplier option． Transportation Research Part—E。1998，vo1．35：1 l一23 4．Dong Chen．Research of Theory,Methodology and Application of Supply Chain Management in ERP， Dissertation of Tianjin University for Master Degree，1 999 (Edited by Xiaogang Mao，Luanfeng Wang and Wanyong Liu) 39 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com