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d ata b a s e s y s t e m s A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management FOURTH EDITION Both Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg have experience of database design in industry, and now apply this in their teaching and research at the University of Paisley in Scotland. Over 200,000 people have been grounded in good database design practice by reading Database Systems.The new edition of this best-seller brings it up to date with the latest developments in database technology and builds on the clear, accessible approach that has contributed to the success of previous editions. A clear introduction to design, implementation and management issues, as well as an extensive treatment of database languages and standards, make this book an indispensable complete reference for database students and professionals alike Features physical. Each phase is described with an example of how it works in practice. • Complex subjects are clearly explained using running case studies throughout the book. • Database design methodology is explicitly divided into three phases: conceptual, logical, and • SQL is comprehensively covered in three tutorial-style chapters. • Distributed, object-oriented, and object-relational DBMSs are fully discussed. • Check out the Web site at www.booksites.net/connbegg, for full implementations of the case studies, lab guides for Access and Oracle, and additional student support. New! For the fourth edition •Extended treatment of XML, OLAP and data mining. •Coverage of updated standards including SQL:2003, W3C (XPath andXQuery), and OMG. •Now covers Oracle9iand Microsoft Office Access 2003. This book comes with a free six-month subscription to Database Place, an online tutorial that helps readers master the key concepts of database systems. Thomas Connolly•Carolyn Begg d ata b a s e s y s t e m s A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management www.booksites.net/connbegg Connolly •Begg FOURTH EDITION s y s t e m s d a t a b a s e Log on at www.aw.com/databaseplace. www.booksites.net/connbegg an imprint of www.booksites.net/connbegg www.pearson-books.com
Database Systems A Companion Web site accompanies Database Systems, Fourth edition by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg Visit the Database Systems Companion Web site at www.booksites.net/connbegg to find valuable learning material including: For Students: n Tutorials on selected chapters n Sample StayHome database n Solutions to review questions n DreamHome web implementation n Extended version of File Organizations and Indexes n Access and Oracle Lab Manuals
INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SCIENCE SERIES Consulting Editor A D McGettrick University of Strathclyde SELECTED TITLES IN THE SERIES Operating Systems J Bacon and T Harris Programming Language Essentials H E Bal and D Grune Programming in Ada 95 (2nd edn) J G P Barnes Java Gently (3rd edn) J Bishop Software Design (2nd edn) D Budgen Concurrent Programming A Burns and G Davies Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages: Ada 95, Real-Time Java and Real- Time POSIX (3rd edn) A Burns and A Wellings Comparative Programming Languages (3rd edn) L B Wilson and R G Clark, updated by R G Clark Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (3rd edn) G Coulouris, J Dollimore and T Kindberg Principles of Object-Oriented Software Development (2nd edn) A Eliëns Fortran 90 Programming T M R Ellis, I R Philips and T M Lahey Program Verification N Francez Introduction to Programming using SML M Hansen and H Rischel Functional C P Hartel and H Muller Algorithms and Data Structures: Design, Correctness, Analysis (2nd edn) J Kingston Introductory Logic and Sets for Computer Scientists N Nissanke Human–Computer Interaction J Preece et al. Algorithms: A Functional Programming Approach F Rabhi and G Lapalme Ada 95 From the Beginning (3rd edn) J Skansholm C++ From the Beginning J Skansholm Java From the Beginning (2nd edn) J Skansholm Software Engineering (6th edn) I Sommerville Object-Oriented Programming in Eiffel (2nd edn) P Thomas and R Weedon Miranda: The Craft of Functional Programming S Thompson Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming (2nd edn) S Thompson Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists (2nd edn) J K Truss Compiler Design R Wilhelm and D Maurer Discover Delphi: Programming Principles Explained S Williams and S Walmsley Software Engineering with B J B Wordsworth
UNIVERSITY OF PAISLEY THOMAS M. CONNOLLY • CAROLYN E. BEGG Database Systems A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management Fourth Edition
Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 1995 Second edition 1998 Third edition 2002 Fourth edition published 2005 © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005 The rights of Thomas M. Connolly and Carolyn E. Begg to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by the authors in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. The programs in this book have been included for their instructional value. They have been tested with care but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The publisher does not offer any warranties or representations nor does it accept any liabilities with respect to the programs. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 0 321 21025 5 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 09 08 07 06 05 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by 35 Printed and bound in the United States of America
To Sheena, for her patience, understanding, and love during the last few years. To our daughter, Kathryn, for her beauty and intelligence. To our happy and energetic son, Michael, for the constant joy he gives us. To our new child, Stephen, may he always be so happy. To my Mother, who died during the writing of the first edition. Thomas M. Connolly To Heather, Rowan, Calum, and David Carolyn E. Begg
Brief Contents Preface Part 1 Background Chapter 1 Introduction to Databases Chapter 2 Database Environment Part 2 The Relational Model and Languages Chapter 3 The Relational Model Chapter 4 Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus Chapter 5 SQL: Data Manipulation Chapter 6 SQL: Data Definition Chapter 7 Query-By-Example Chapter 8 Commercial RDBMSs: Office Access and Oracle Part 3 Database Analysis and Design Techniques Chapter 9 Database Planning, Design, and Administration Chapter 10 Fact-Finding Techniques Chapter 11 Entity–Relationship Modeling Chapter 12 Enhanced Entity–Relationship Modeling Chapter 13 Normalization Chapter 14 Advanced Normalization xxxiii 1 3 33 67 69 88 112 157 198 225 279 281 314 342 371 387 415
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