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2010年9月翻译资格英语高级口译笔试真题.doc
2010 年 9 月翻译资格英语高级口译笔试真题
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage
with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard
on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
We already live in an over communicated world that will only become more so in the
next
tech era. We’ve _______ (1) that gets us so much information that we’ve got _______
(2) every
second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re
just being
_______ (3) and every advance in technology seems to create more and more
communications at
us. We are sort of _______ (4).
Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _______
(5),
producing a world-wide increase in IQ _______ (6) and more in recent decades. Is
there any real
benefit in _______ (7) we now have to go through?
We’re not becoming a race of _______ (8), but many do think certain skills are
enhanced and
certain are not. You know the ability to _______ (9), to answer a dozen e-mails in
five minutes, or
to fill out _______ (10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his
kids _______
(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always
wondering, “Gee,
did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects _______ (12).
Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just
_______ (13),
just playing, when it _______ (14) which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have
time to read a
book. You are a businessperson but you have time to _______ (15), or about a
philosopher and
something that happened long ago or something or some idea _______ (16). Actually,
it might
occur to you that you _______ (17) in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated
ideas that
feeds your productivity, _______ (18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer
every e-mail, then
you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for _______
(19). So I think
maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over communication is _______ (20)
and to our
reflection.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.
After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and
questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer
to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen
in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following news.
1．A) the designing of a new town
B) the most livable small town in America
C) the financing of a housing project
D) the updating of old building codes
2.A) Houses with front porches.
B) Houses that are very close together
C) Quarter of an acre or half an acre private yard space
D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions
3.A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past
B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation
C) People prefer to stay on an air-conditioned front porch
D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates
4.A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street
B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.
C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.
D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long
5.A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.
B) Some of these rules are contradictory
C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.
D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.
Questions6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6. (A) Improving credit access for all companies.
(B) Keeping tabs on financial market stability.
(C) Lending less money to small businesses.
(D) Spotlighting the role big banks could play in the recession.
7. (A) To give warnings about a possible failure in global trade talks.
(B) To take measures to allay fears of unfair competition.
(C) To bring marathon talks in the Doha Round to a close.
(D) To increase trade with Latin America.
8. (A) Sixty-one. (B) One hundred and three.
(C) One hundred and thirty. (D) Two hundred and thirty.
9. (A) £ 522 million.
(B) £ 671 million.
(C) As much profit as one year earlier.
(D) 2.8 percent more profit than a year earlier.
10. (A) Dispelling fears about the debt crisis.
(B) Banning naked short selling of shares.
(C) Limiting speculation.
(D) Smacking of desperation.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
11.A)
B)
C)
D)
The expenses required by a wedding
A prenuptial agreement
How to make both ends meet in married life
Where to seek advice if the couple have problems after getting married
12.A)
B)
C)
D)
The man has been married twice before
The woman has remained single until now
Both people are remarried this time
Both people are first married this time
13.A)
B)
C)
D)
One of both sides have no experience about what goes wrong in a marriage
Both man and wife want to talk about everything openly and honestly
Either the man or his wife thinks their marriage is not very romantic
A person has different expectations from his or her spouse.
The contract might bother some people
They find a good reason to rewrite the rule.
They think it is a serious breach of the contract
The contract is very useful and romantic
The contract doesn’t take much work to write
The contract has to be certified by a lawyer
14.A)
B)
C)
D)
15.
A)
B)
They talk about it and reach a compromise
C)
D)
They have to ask is this marriage really working?
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following interview.
16. A)
B)
C)
D)
17. A)
Different perceptions of time across cultures
The idea of the past, present and future time
A fundamental basis for business conversations.
Cross-cultural miscommunications
Mono-chronic time is characterized by many things happening
Mono-chronic cultures value interpersonal relationships highly.
An American businessperson
A brazilian businessman
It over-emphasizes individual differences
It fails to make his own values central
It is ethnocentric
It is overly general.
Poly-chronic time is found primarily in North America and Northern
Poly-chronism views time as flexible, so preciseness is not that important.
Those raised in the mono-chronic culture
People who are guilty of ethnocentrism
Poly-chronic cultures emphasize schedules and puntuality.
Poly-chronic cultures value productivity and getting things done “on time”
Mono-chronic cultures emphasize schedules, punctuality, and precisensess.
Mono-chronic time is found primarily in Latin American and African cultures.
simultaneously.
B)
C)
D)
18. A)
Europe.
B)
C)
D)
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
20. A)
B)
C)
D)
SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 miniutes)
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed
by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or
(D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis
of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you
have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Question 1-5
Congress began 2010 with a bad case of legislative déjà vu. Last year, it approved
a $787 billion stimulus package meant to "create or save" millions of jobs. President
Obama says the stimulus has saved or created as many as 2 million jobs so far. But
even if that highly optimistic figure is true, in the real world, over 3 million
jobs have been lost since the stimulus was signed into law – a dismal feat all
financed with enormous debt.
Now Congress is working on another stimulus package, but they're calling it a jobs
bill. In December, the House passed a $174 billion "Jobs for Main Street Bill" that
would use federal dollars to fund job-creating infrastructure projects, while
extending unemployment benefits. The Senate this week moved ahead on a much-leaner
jobs bill. Sound familiar?
Unemployment remains at about 10 percent and state unemployment insurance funds are
running out of money. While the Obama administration works to artificially inflate
the number of jobs, the unemployed face diminished opportunities and income security.
By 2012, 40 state unemployment trust funds are projected to be empty, requiring $90
billion in federal loans to continue operating.
Normally, state unemployment benefits pay jobless workers between 50 and 70 percent
of their salaries for up to 26 weeks. But during this recession, Congress has extended
those benefits four times. The result is that some workers can now claim benefits
for 99 weeks – almost two years.
Now Congress may enact a record fifth extension. What would be wrong with that?
Everything. The state-federal unemployment insurance program (UI) is an economic
drag on businesses and states. And it's a poor safety net for the unemployed.
UI, a relic of the Great Depression, fails workers when they need it most. UI trust
funds depend on a state-levied payroll tax on employers. During boom years, these
funds are generally flush. But during recessions, they can get depleted quickly.
The bind is that to replenish their UI fund, states have to raise payroll taxes.
That hurts the bottom line for businesses both large and small. Passed on to workers
as a lower salary, high payroll taxes discourage businesses from hiring.
During steep recessions, states face a fiscal Catch-22: Reduce benefits or raise
taxes. To date, 27 states have depleted their UI funds and are using $29 billion
in federal loans they'll have to start repaying in 2011. Other states are slashing
benefits. Kentucky House members passed a measure in February to increase employers'
contributions (read: a tax hike) and cut benefits from 68 percent to 62 percent of
wages.
While federal guidelines recommend that states keep one year's worth of unemployment
reserves, many states entered the recession already insolvent. When federal loans
are exhausted, the only option left is higher payroll taxes – a move sure to
discourage hiring and depress salaries.
The increasingly small and uncertain payouts of UI are the opposite of income
security. The effect of UI's eight-decade experiment has been to condition workers
to save less for a "rainy day" and instead rely on a system that provides no guarantee.
UI limits personal responsibility to save; gradually, individuals find themselves
in financial peril.
Unfortunately, subsidizing the status quo is the prescription of the moment, making
the best solution the least likely to happen. Real reform. requires putting employees
in charge with individual private accounts and getting the government out of the
business of creating illusionary safety nets.
Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISA), by contrast, give workers control
of their own income, eliminating the negative effects of the UI program on businesses
and budgets.
Adopted by Chile in 2003, UISAs are also financed via a payroll tax on individual
workers and employers. The difference is the money is directly deposited into the
individual worker's account.
Basically a form. of forced savings, UISAs allow individuals to draw on their own
accounts during periods of unemployment and roll unused funds into their savings
upon retirement. With the burden reduced on employers, wages rise, leading to greater
contributions to the individual's fund. The federal government is removed from the
picture, and all workers are guaranteed a savings account upon retirement.
UISAs liberate workers from uncertainty and improve incentives. When unemployed
workers must rely on their own funds rather than the common fiscal pool, they find
jobs faster. Congress's repeated extensions of the current UI program may be well
intended, but they may also be counterproductive. Like any deadline extension,
additional jobless benefits diminish the job seeker's urgency, all at taxpayers'
expense.
Today, expanded UI benefits mean higher state payroll taxes, which make it harder
for employers to expand hiring or raise wages. UISAs, on the other hand, make the
payroll tax on business part of the employer's investment in an individual worker,
rather than a penalty for doing business.
In 2010, it's time to say goodbye to the problems created by broken policies. Congress
should start this decade with a promise for true economic freedom: Let businesses
create jobs and let workers keep what they've earned.
Questions 6-10
Not so long ago I found myself in characteristically pugnacious discussion with a
senior human rights figure. The issue was privacy. Her view was that there was an
innate and largely unchanging human need for privacy. My view was that privacy was
a culturally determined concept. Think of those open multiseated Roman latrines in
Pompeii, and imagine having one installed at work. The specific point was whether
there was a generational difference in attitudes towards privacy, partly as a
consequence of internet social networking. I thought that there was. As a teenager
I told my parents absolutely nothing and the world little more. Some girls of that
era might be photographed bare-breasted at a rock festival, and some guys might be
pictured smoking dope but, on the whole, once we left through the front door, we
disappeared from sight.
My children — Generation Y, rather than the Generation X-ers who make most of the
current fuss about privacy — seem unworried by their mother’s capacity to track
them and their social lives through Facebook. In fact, they seem unworried by
anybody’s capacity to see what they’re up to — until, of course, it goes wrong.
They seem to want to be in sight, and much effort goes into creating the public
identity that they want others to see. Facebook now acts as a vast market place for
ideas, preferences, suggestions and actings-out, extending far beyond the capacity
of conventional institutions to influence. And the privacy issues it raises have
little to do with the conventional obsessions such as CCTV or government data-mining.
At a conference at the weekend I heard that some US colleges have taken to looking
at the Facebook sites of applicants before they think to alter them before an
interview. This may turn out to be apocryphal, but such a thing certainly could be
done. In this era of supplementing exam grades with personal statements and character
assessments, what could be more useful than an unguarded record of a student’s true
enthusiasms? My daughter’s college friends, she says, are “pretty chilled” about
it. There are the odd occasions when a vinous clinch is snapped on a mobile phone
and makes the social rounds to the embarrassment of the clinchers, but whatever will
be will be.
An EU survey two years ago suggested that this is the pattern more generally. The
researchers discovered what seemed to be a paradox: although half of their young
respondents were confident in their own ability to protect their online privacy,
only a fifth thought it a practical idea to give users in general “more control
over their own identity data”. Meanwhile, their elders try to get them concerned
about issues such as internet data harvesting by private companies. A US news report
last week concerned the work done to create “privacy nudges” — software that
reminds users at certain moments that the information they are about to divulge has
implications for privacy.
I have to say, as someone who often elects to receive online mailshots from companies
operating in areas in which I’m interested, that this seems to me to miss the main
problem. As long as you have the right to say “no” to a company’s blandishments,
I don’t see a huge problem. That’s why the now notorious Italian bullying video
seems much more relevant. At the end of last week three Google employees were
sentenced in absentia for breaching the privacy of a handicapped boy, whose horrid
treatment at the hands of his Turin schoolmates had been posted on Google Video.
This clip spent several months in circulation before being taken down. Almost
everyone agrees that the sentence was wrong, perverse and a kick in the teeth for
free speech, with implications that could (but won’t) undermine the internet. And
they are quite right. But look at it, for a moment, from the point of view of the
boy’s parent, or the boy himself. They must have felt powerless and damaged. So
how much control or ownership can one have over one’s own image and reputation?
The second great question, then, raised with regard to the net is what might be called
“reputation management”. What is it that you want people to know about you, and
can you have control over it?
Last weekend I was alerted to two new phenomena, both of which caused me to miss
a heartbeat. The first was the possibility of using a program, or employing someone,
to “suicide” you online. Recently a company in Rotterdam used its Facebook presence
to advertise its “web 2.0 suicide machine”, which would act as “a digital Dr
Kevorkian [and] delete your online presence” not just on your own sites but on
everyone else’s — leaving just a few “last words”. Unfortunately Facebook
chucked the suicide machine off its premises, so it then suicided itself, ending
with the words “no flowers, no speeches”. As a journalist I was horrified by the
implications of online suiciding. In the first place it means the erasure of
documentary history. And second it raises the possibility of routine doctoring of
material on the internet to render it more palatable to the offended.
The second phenomenon was worse. It was that some people, many perhaps, might seek
to undermine any informational authority on the web by flooding it with false
information, thus obliquely protecting their own identities. As an occasional target
of such misinformation, playfully or maliciously, I know it can play merry hell with
everyone’s sense of reality. In other words it seemed to me that there was a threat
much worse than that to privacy, and that was of privacy- induced attempts to bend
or erase the truth that is essential to the value of the internet. Lack of privacy
may be uncomfortable. Lack of truth is fatal
Questions 11-15
LIKE the space telescope he championed, astronomer Lyman Spitzer faced some perilous
moments in his career. Most notably, on a July day in 1945, he happened to be in
the Empire State building when a B-25 Mitchell bomber lost its way in fog and crashed
into the skyscraper 14 floors above him. Seeing debris falling past the window, his
curiosity got the better of him, as Robert Zimmerman recounts in his Hubble history,
The Universe in a Mirror. Spitzer tried to poke his head out the window to see what
was going on, but others quickly convinced him it was too dangerous.
Spitzer was not the first astronomer to dream of sending a telescope above the
distorting effects of the atmosphere, but it was his tireless advocacy, in part,
that led NASA to launch the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Initially jubilant,
astronomers were soon horrified to discover that Hubble's 2.4-metre main mirror had
been ground to the wrong shape. Although it was only off by 2.2 micrometres, this
badly blurred the telescope's vision and made the scientists who had promised the
world new images and science in exchange for $1.5 billion of public money the butt
of jokes. The fiasco, inevitably dubbed "Hubble Trouble" by the press, wasn't helped
when even the limited science the crippled Hubble could do was threatened as its
gyroscopes, needed to control the orientation of the telescope, started to fail one
by one.
By 1993, as NASA prepared to launch a rescue mission, the situation looked bleak.
The telescope "probably wouldn't have gone on for more than a year or two" without
repairs, says John Grunsfeld, an astronaut who flew on the most recent Hubble
servicing mission. Happily, the rescue mission was a success. Shuttle astronauts
installed new instruments that corrected for the flawed mirror, and replaced the
gyroscopes. Two years later, Hubble gave us the deepest ever view of the universe,
peering back to an era just 1 billion years after the big bang to see the primordial
building blocks that aggregated to form galaxies like our own.
The success of the 1993 servicing mission encouraged NASA to mount three more (in
1997, 1999 and 2002). Far from merely keeping the observatory alive, astronauts
installed updated instruments on these missions that dramatically improved Hubble's
power. It was "as if you took in your Chevy Nova [for repairs] and they gave you
back a Lear jet," says Steven Beckwith, who from 1998 to 2005 headed the Space
Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, where Hubble's
observations are planned. Along the way, in 1998, Hubble's measurements of
supernovas in distant galaxies unexpectedly revealed that the universe is expanding
at an ever-increasing pace, propelled by a mysterious entity now known as dark energy.
In 2001 the space observatory also managed to make the first measurement of a chemical
in the atmosphere of a planet in an alien solar system.
Despite its successes, Hubble's life looked like it would be cut short when in 2004,
NASA's then administrator Sean O'Keefe announced the agency would send no more
servicing missions to Hubble, citing unacceptable risks to astronauts in the wake
of the Columbia shuttle disaster of 2003, in which the craft exploded on re-entry,
killing its crew. By this time, three of Hubble's gyroscopes were already broken
or ailing and no one was sure how long the other three would last. Citizen petitions
and an outcry among astronomers put pressure on NASA, and after a high-level panel
of experts declared that another mission to Hubble would not be exceptionally risky,
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