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    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 OSEK/VDX操作系统 杨伟春（译） 版本 2.2.3 2月 17号, 2005 本文档是正式的发布版,并且取代全部先前发布的文档. OSEK组织保持修改这些文档的权力，保留不预先通知和不接受任何错误的权力。 Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 1 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 前言 OSEK/VDX是汽车的工业的一个联合项目，它的目标是为汽车上分布式的控制单元建立一个开放结构的工业 标准。 OSEK项目目合作伙伴详细的信息, 请查阅“OSEK Binding Specification“ 本文只介绍在汽车上使用实时操作系统的概念及多任务处理的能力。它不涉及产品实现的描述。 本文也介绍 OSEK操作系统--应用程序接口（API）. 按常规,解释和缩写已经被编写在另外的内部--项目" OSEK Overall Glossary " ，它是"OSEK Binding Specification"的一部分。 关于系统的执行和创建，请查阅"OSEK Implementation Language" (OIL). Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 2 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 目录 4 4.7 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 译者叙........................................................................................................................................ 7 Change History........................................................................................................................... 8 1 介绍.................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 系统体系 .................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 文章前言 ...................................................................................................................12 1.3 文章的结构................................................................................................................12 2 摘要...................................................................................................................................13 OSEK 操作系统的架构.....................................................................................................15 3 3.1 处理级别 ...................................................................................................................15 3.2 一致性阶层（Conformance classes） .......................................................................16 3.3 OSEK OS 和 OSEKtime OS 的关系 ..........................................................................18 Task 管理...........................................................................................................................19 4.1 Task 概念...................................................................................................................19 4.2 Task 状态模式..........................................................................................................19 Extended tasks....................................................................................................19 Basic task ...........................................................................................................21 Task 类型的比较................................................................................................23 4.3 激活一个 task ............................................................................................................23 4.4 Task 切换机制 ...........................................................................................................23 4.5 Task 优先级 （Task priority ） .................................................................................23 4.6 调度策略 ...................................................................................................................25 4.6.1 全抢占式调度 ....................................................................................................25 4.6.2 非抢占式调度 ....................................................................................................26 4.6.3 Tasks 组 .............................................................................................................27 4.6.4 混合抢占式调度 ................................................................................................27 4.6.5 选择一种调度策略 ............................................................................................27 Tasks 的终止 .............................................................................................................28 5 应用模式 ...........................................................................................................................28 5.1 应用模式范围............................................................................................................28 5.2 启动性能 ...................................................................................................................28 5.3 应用模式支持............................................................................................................28 6 中断处理 ...........................................................................................................................29 7 事件机制 ...........................................................................................................................32 8 资源管理 ...........................................................................................................................34 8.1 访问占用资源的行为 ................................................................................................34 8.2 使用资源时的限制 ....................................................................................................34 8.3 调度作为一种资源 ....................................................................................................35 8.4 同步机制的问题........................................................................................................35 Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 3 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 10 11 12 13 8.4.1 优先反转的解释 ................................................................................................35 8.4.2 死锁 ...................................................................................................................36 OSEK 天花板优先级协议 .........................................................................................36 8.5 8.6 OSEK 天花板优先协议对中断的扩展......................................................................37 8.7 内部资源 ...................................................................................................................39 9 警报（Alarms）................................................................................................................41 9.1 计数器 .......................................................................................................................41 Alarm 管理 ................................................................................................................41 9.2 消息（Messages） ........................................................................................................43 错误管理，追踪和调试 ................................................................................................43 11.1 钩子程序（Hook routines ）.....................................................................................43 11.2 错误管理 ...................................................................................................................43 11.3 系统启动 ...................................................................................................................46 11.4 系统关闭 ...................................................................................................................47 11.5 调试 ...........................................................................................................................47 系统服务的描述............................................................................................................48 12.1 系统对象的定义........................................................................................................48 12.2 协定（Conventions ） ...............................................................................................48 12.2.1 调用类型............................................................................................................48 12.2.2 合法调用（Legitimacy of calls） ......................................................................48 12.2.3 错误特性............................................................................................................50 系统服务的规范............................................................................................................51 13.1 基本数据类型............................................................................................................52 13.2 Task 的管理 ...............................................................................................................52 13.2.1 数据类型............................................................................................................52 13.2.2 结构成员............................................................................................................53 DeclareTask ................................................................................................53 13.2.3 系统服务............................................................................................................53 ActivateTask...............................................................................................53 TerminateTask ............................................................................................54 ChainTask...................................................................................................54 Schedule .....................................................................................................55 GetTaskID ..................................................................................................56 GetTaskState...............................................................................................56 13.2.4 常量 ...................................................................................................................57 13.2.5 命名规则............................................................................................................57 13.3 中断管理 ...................................................................................................................58 13.3.1 数据类型............................................................................................................58 13.3.2 系统服务............................................................................................................58 EnableAllInterrupts.....................................................................................58 DisableAllInterrupts....................................................................................59 ResumeAllInterrupts ...................................................................................59 13.2.3.1 13.2.3.2 13.2.3.3 13.2.3.4 13.2.3.5 13.2.3.6 13.3.2.1 13.3.2.2 13.3.2.3 13.2.2.1 Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 4 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 13.5.2.1 13.6.2.1 13.4.2.1 13.4.3 13.4.3.1 13.4.3.2 13.3.2.4 13.3.2.5 13.3.2.6 SuspendAllInterrupts...................................................................................60 ResumeOSInterrupts ...................................................................................61 SuspendOSInterrupts...................................................................................62 13.3.3 命名规则............................................................................................................62 13.4 资源管理 ...................................................................................................................63 13.4.1 数据类型............................................................................................................63 13.4.2 成员结构............................................................................................................63 DeclareResource .........................................................................................63 System services ..................................................................................................63 GetResource................................................................................................63 ReleaseResource .........................................................................................64 13.4.4 常量 ...................................................................................................................65 13.5 事件控制 ...................................................................................................................65 13.5.1 数据类型............................................................................................................65 13.5.2 结构成员............................................................................................................65 DeclareEvent...............................................................................................65 13.5.3 系统服务............................................................................................................66 SetEvent......................................................................................................66 13.5.3.1 ClearEvent ..................................................................................................66 13.5.3.2 13.5.3.3 GetEvent.....................................................................................................67 13.5.3.4 WaitEvent ...................................................................................................67 13.6 Alarms........................................................................................................................68 13.6.1 数据类型............................................................................................................68 13.6.2 结构成员............................................................................................................69 DeclareAlarm..............................................................................................69 13.6.3 系统服务............................................................................................................69 GetAlarmBase.............................................................................................69 GetAlarm ....................................................................................................70 SetRelAlarm ...............................................................................................70 SetAbsAlarm...............................................................................................71 CancelAlarm...............................................................................................73 13.6.4 常量 ...................................................................................................................73 13.6.5 命名规则............................................................................................................74 13.7 操作系统执行控制 ....................................................................................................74 13.7.1 数据类型............................................................................................................74 13.7.2 系统服务............................................................................................................74 GetActiveApplicationMode.........................................................................74 StartOS .......................................................................................................75 ShutdownOS...............................................................................................75 13.7.3 常量 ...................................................................................................................76 13.8 钩子程序 （Hook routines ）....................................................................................76 13.8.1 数据类型............................................................................................................76 13.8.2 系统服务............................................................................................................76 ErrorHook...................................................................................................76 13.6.3.1 13.6.3.2 13.6.3.3 13.6.3.4 13.6.3.5 13.7.2.1 13.7.2.2 13.7.2.3 13.8.2.1 Name Weichun.yang@ Created by © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 5 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 13.8.2.2 13.8.2.3 13.8.2.4 13.8.2.5 PreTaskHook ..............................................................................................77 PostTaskHook.............................................................................................77 StartupHook................................................................................................77 ShutdownHook ...........................................................................................78 13.8.3 常量 ...................................................................................................................78 13.8.4 宏（Macros ） ...................................................................................................78 执行和应用规范主题 ....................................................................................................79 14.1 实施提示 ...................................................................................................................79 14.1.1 实施方面的问题 ................................................................................................79 14.1.2 参数执行............................................................................................................79 14.1.2.1 功能............................................................................................................80 14.1.2.2 硬件资源 ....................................................................................................80 14.1.2.3 配置运行时内容.........................................................................................81 14.2 应用设计提示............................................................................................................81 14.2.1 资源管理............................................................................................................82 LIFO 序列的使用.......................................................................................82 14.2.1.1 14.2.1.2 API－services 的调用标准 .........................................................................83 14.2.1.3 在 task 终止或中断完成时仍占用资源......................................................83 14.2.2 API 调用的布置.................................................................................................84 14.2.3 中断服务程序 ....................................................................................................84 14.2.3.1 不同类型的嵌套中断.................................................................................84 14.2.3.2 直接操作的中断.........................................................................................85 14.2.4 优先和抢占........................................................................................................86 14.2.5 内部资源的使用例子.........................................................................................86 14.2.6 传递给 ShutdownOS 的参数..............................................................................86 14.2.7 错误处理............................................................................................................87 14.2.8 错误和警告........................................................................................................87 14.3 规范实现的工具........................................................................................................88 从规范 1.0 到 2.2 的变化...............................................................................................89 索引（index）...............................................................................................................97 OSEK 历史 ....................................................................................................................98 14 15 16 17 Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 6 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 译者叙 为了更好的了解和使用 OSEK操作系统，就翻译了 OSEK OS 2.2.3,由于很多的专业词汇没有一个标准的 中文翻译，很多的词也就使用了自己的理解。并且从第十三章开始只是简单的翻译了一下标题，没有全文翻 译。请看过本文的读者指出翻译的不足和错误。 YANG Weichun Jan.2007 始于 Banbenhausen Email: htyoung@163.com Or weichun.yang@ Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 7 of 99!
    OSEK 2.2.3 中文版 Change History Changes Initial version 翻译 13 章之后之内容 Date Name 02.Jan.2007 W.YANG 01，July 2007 W.YANG Version 0.1 0.2 Created by Name Weichun.yang@ © Copyright WYA Date 2007-Jan-02 Designation: User note File Name: osek_os223_en_ch_v0.2.doc Document key: -/- Department Status: Draft Version: 0.2 Pages: 8 of 99!
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