2005 年上海理工大学翻译考研真题 （一）翻译实践 A. 英译汉 That old Greenspan magic seems to be fading For the best part of 20 years, Alan Greenspan has been a symbol of the stupidity of ageism. He became chairman of the US Federal Reserve at 61, when plenty of workers have already been tossed on the scrapheap and many others are preparing to wind down for retirement. His golden years in charge of the US economy were when he was pushing 70 and he's still there aged 78. Greenspan is the doyen of central bankers, still talked about in almost reverential terms by his peers. The fact that the Fed chairman rarely gives interviews and makes public pronouncements that are to economics what Finnegans Wake is to literature only adds to the mystique. It is, then, with some trepidation that the question has to be asked: has Big Al finally lost the plot? At the start of last week, Greenspan presided over a meeting of the Fed which kept interest rates on hold at 1?the level they have been pegged at for nearly a year. A statement accompanying the decision said the risks to inflation were balanced, which means the Fed thinks there is as much chance of the cost of living going up as going down. On Thursday, new joblessness claims in the US fell to their lowest level in getting on for four years, and the picture of a recovering labour market was underlined by Friday's non-farm payrolls which showed an increase of 288,000, above what had been expected. The economy is expanding at an annual rate of 4.5?surveys of both manufacturing and the service sector are strong, the housing market is booming, inflation has started to pick up. Hardly surprisingly, Greenspan's call on inflation is now coming under the microscope, even by those on the Keynesian left who tend to favour expansionary macroeconomic policies. "Show me something, other than computers, where the price is falling," says Dean Baker of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Washington.Baker is right. Clearly, risks to inflation are on the 

upside, and massively so.The economy has been injected with a cocktail of three growth-inducing drugs-negative real interest rates, a rising budget deficit and a falling currency. Oil prices have touched $40 a barel and the labour market is tightening. It is hard to believe that Greenspan, a junkie for economic data no matter how seemingly trivial, has not spotted all this. Rates in the US are far below a neutral level, which would probably be around 5?yet Greenspan is in no hurry to act. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ B.汉译英 翻译画线部分 房李大钊 我以为世间最可宝贵的就是"今"，最易丧失的也是"今"。因为他最易丧失，所以更觉得他可 以宝贵。 为甚么"今"最可宝费呢?最好借哲人耶曼孙所说的话答这个疑问∶"尔著爱千古，尔当爱现在。 昨日不能唤回来，明天还不确实， 尔能确有把握的就是今日。今日一天， 当明日两天。" 为甚么"今"最易丧失呢?因为宇宙大化刻刻流转，绝不停留。时间这个东西，也不因为吾人 责他爱他稍稍在人间留恋。试问吾人说"今"说"现在"，茫茫百千万劫，究竟哪一刹那是吾人 的"今"，是吾人的"现在"呢?刚刚说他是"今"是"现在"，他早已风驰电掣的一般，已成"过去 了。吾人若要糊糊涂涂把他丢掉岂不可惜? 有的哲学家说，时间但有"过去"与"未来"，并无"现在"。有的又说，"过去""未来"皆是"现 在"。我以为"过去未来皆是现在"的话倒有些道理。因为"现在"就是所有"过去"流入的世界， 换句话说，所有"过去"都埋没于"现在"的里边。故一时代的思潮，不是单纯在这个时代所能 凭空成立的，不晓得有几多"过去"时代的思潮，差不多可以说是由所有"过去"时代的思潮， 一凑合而成的。吾人投一石子于时代潮流里面，所激起的波澜声响，都向永远流动传播，不 

能消灭。屈原的《离骚》，永远使人人感泣。打击林肯头颅的枪声，呼应于永远的时间与空 间。一时代的变动，绝不消失，仍遗留于次一时代，这样传演，至于无穷，在世界中有一贯 相联的永远性。 昨日的事件，与今臼的事件，合构成数个复杂事件。此数个复杂事件，与明已的整个复杂事 件，更合构成数个复杂事件。势力结合势力，问题牵起问题。无限的"过去"，都以"现在" 为归宿。无限的"未来"，都以"现在"为渊源。"过去""未来"的中间全仗有"现在"以成其连续， 以成其永远，以成其无始无终的大实在。一塑现在的铃，无限的过去未来皆遥相呼应。这就 是过去末来皆是现在的道理，这就是"今"最可宝贵的道理。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ （二）翻译理论 试用实例论述英译汉解构法和汉译英结构法以及它们和同化/洋化的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________