Engineering Mechanics – Statics(8th) SI Version 无水印原版pdf.pdf

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Cover

Foreword

Preface

Contents

1/ Introduction to Statics

Chapter Outline

1/1 Mechanics

1/2 Basic Concepts

1/3 Scalars and Vectors

1/4 Newton's Laws

1/5 Units

1/6 Law of Gravitation

1/7 Accuracy, Limits, and Approximations

1/8 Problem Solving in Statics

1/9 Chapter Review

2/ Force Systems

Chapter Outline

2/1 Introduction

2/2 Force

A: TWO-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS

2/3 Rectangular Components

2/4 Moment

2/5 Couple

2/6 Resultants

B: THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS

2/7 Rectangular Components

2/8 Moment and Couple

2/9 Resultants

2/10 Chapter Review

3/ Equilibrium

Chapter Outline

3/1 Introduction

A: EQUIUBRIUM IN TWO DIMENSIONS

3/2 System Isolation and the Free-Body Diagram

3/3 Equilibrium Conditions

B: EQUILIBRIUM IN THREE DIMENSIONS

3/4 Equilibrium Conditions

3/5 Chapter Review

4/ Structures

Chapter Outline

4/1 Introduction

4/2 Plane Trusses

4/3 Method of Joints

4/4 Method of Sections

4/5 Space Trusses

4/6 Frames and Machines

4/7 Chapter Review

5/ Distributed Forces

Chapter Outline

5/1 Introduction

A: CENTERS OF MASS AND CENTROIDS

5/2 Center of Mass

5/3 Centroids of Lines, Areas, and Volumes

5/4 Composite Bodies and Figures; Approximations

5/5 Theorems of Pappus

B: SPECIAL TOPICS

5/6 Beams - External Effects

5/7 Beams - Internal Effects

5/8 Flexible Cables

5/9 Fluid Statics

5/10 Chapter Review

6/ Friction

Chapter Outline

6/1 Introduction

A: FRICTIONAL PHENOMENA

6/2 Types of Friction

6/3 Dry Friction

B: APPLICATIONS OF FRICTION IN MACHINES

6/4 Wedges

6/5 Screws

6/6 Journal Bearings

6/7 Thrust Bearings; Disk Friction

6/8 Flexible Belts

6/9 Rolling Resistance

6/10 Chapter Review

7/ Virtual Work

Chapter Outline

7/1 Introduction

7/2 Work

7/3 Equilibrium

7/4 Potential Energy and Stability

7/5 Chapter Review

Appendices

A/ AREA MOMENTS OF INERTIA

A/1 Introduction

A/2 Definitions

A/3 Composite Areas

A/4 Products of Inertia and Rotation of Axes

B/ MASS MOMENTS OF INERTIA

C/ SELECTED TOPICS OF MATHEMATICS

C/1 Introduction

C/2 Plane Geometry

C/3 Solid Geometry

C/4 Algebra

C/5 Analytic Geometry

C/6 Trigonometry

C/7 Vector Operations

C/8 Series

C/9 Derivatives

C/10 Integrals

C/11 Newton's Method for Solving Intractable Equations

C/12 Selected Techniques for Numerical Integration

D/ USEFUL TABLES

Table D/1 Physical Properties

Table D/2 Solar System Constants

Table D/3 Properties of Plane Figures

Table D/4 Properties of Homogeneous Solids

Index

C - D

F - G

H - I

J - K - L - M - N - O - P

U - V

Problem Answers

appA

Conversion Factors - U.S. Customary Units to SI Units

Sl Units Used in Mechanics

Conversion Charts Between SI and U.S. Customary Units

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. Conversion Factors U.S. Customary Units to SI Units To convert from To (Acceleration) footlsecond2 (ftlsec2) inch/second2 (in./sec2) (Area) foot2 (ft2) inch2 (in.2) (Density) pound mass/inch3 Obmlin.3) pound mass/foot" (lbm/ft3) (Force) kip (1000 lb) pound force (lb) (Length) foot (ft) inch (in.) mile (mi), (U.S. statute) mile (mi), (international nautical) (Mass) pound mass Obm) slug (lb-sec2/ft} ton (2000 Ibm) (Moment of force) pound-foot (lb-ft) pound-inch Ob-in.) (Moment of inertia, area) inch4 (Moment of inertia, mass) pound-foot·second2 (lb-ft-sec2) (Momentum, linear) pound-second (lb-sec) (Momentum, angular) pound-foot-second Ob-ft-sec)

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. Sl Units Used in Mechanics Quantity (Base Units) Length Mass Time (Deriued Units) Acceleration, linear Acceleration, angular Area Density Force Frequency Impulse, linear Impulse, angular Moment of force Moment of inertia, area Moment of inertia, mass Momentum, linear Momentum, angular Power Pressure, stress Product of inertia,area Product of inertia,mass Spring constant Velocity, linear Velocity, angular Volume Work, energy Unit meter* kilogram second meter/second2 radian/second2 meter2 kilogram!meteil newton hertz newton-second newton-meter-second newton-meter meter4 kilogram-meter2 kilogram-meter/second kilogram-meter2tsecond watt pascal meter4 kilogram-meter2 newton/meter meter/second radian/second meter3 joule (Supplementary and Other Acceptable Units) nautical mile ton (metric) degrees (decimal) radian knot day hour minute Distance (navigation) Mass Plane angle Plane angle Speed Time Time Time *Also spelled metre. SI Symbol m kg s m/s2 rad/s2 m2 kg/ms N ("' kg·mls2) Hz(= lis) N·s N·m·s N·m m4 kg·m2 kg·m/s ("" N·s) kg·m2/s (= N·m·s) W ("" J/s"" N·m/s) Pa(= N/m2) m4 kg·m2 N/m m/s rad/s ms J(= N·m) (= 1.852km) t (= 1000 kg) 0 (1.852 km!h) d h min Sl Unit Prefixes 1. (a) Use prefixes to keep numerical values generally between 0.1 and 1000. Selected Rules for Writing Metric Quantities Multiplication Factor 1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 1 000 000 000 = 109 1 000 000 = 106 1 000 = 103 100 = 102 10 ""10 0.1 = 10-1 0.01 "' 10-2 0.001 = 10-3 0.000 001 = 10 6 0.000 000 001 = 10-9 0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 Prefix tera giga mega kilo hecto deka deci centi milli micro nano pi co Symbol T G M k h da d c m ,., n p (b) Use of the prefixes hecto, deka, deci, and centi should generally be avoided except for certain areas or volumes where the numbers would be awkward otherwise. (c) Use prefixes only in the numerator of unit combinations. The one exception is the base unit kilogram. (Example: write kN/m not N/mm; J/kg not mJ/g) (d) Avoid double prefixes. (Example: write GN not kMN) 2. Unit designations (a) Use a dot for multiplication of units.

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. ENGIN EERING MECHANICS VOLUME 1 Sl VE RSION EIG HTH EDITION J.L. MERIAM L.G. KRAIGE Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University J.N. BOLTON Bluefield State College WILEY

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. On the cover:TheAuditorio deTenerife the Canary Islands, Spain. It was designed by architect Santiago Calatrava •Adan Martin" is located in Santa Cruz deTenerife, the capital of Valls and was opened in 2003. Copyright© 2016, 2013 John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd. Cover Photo: Chris Gascolgne/VIEW Pictures/Newscom. Depiction on cover used by permission of Auditorio de Tenerife. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. All rights reserved. This book is authorized for sale in Canada, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and the Middle East only and may not be exported. The content is materially different than products for other markets including the authorized U.S. counterpart of this title. Exportation of this book to another region without the Publisher's authorization may be illegal and a violation of the Publisher's rights. The Publisher may take legal action to enforce its rights. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or othe.rwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-eopy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, website http://www. wiley. com/go/permissions. ISBN: 978-1-119-04467-3 Printed in Asia 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. fOREWORD This series of textbooks was begun in 1951 by the late Dr. James L. Meriam. At that time, the books represented a revolutionary transformation in undergraduate mechanics education. They became the definitive textbooks for the decades that followed as well as models for other engineering mechanics texts that have subsequently appeared. Published under slightly different titles prior to the 1978 First Editions, this textbook series has always been characterized by logical organization, clear and rigorous presentation of the theory, instructive sample problems, and a rich collection of real-life problems, all with a high standard of illustration. In addition to the U.S. versions, the books have appeared in SI versions and have been translated into many foreign languages. These textbooks collec tively represent an international standard for undergraduate texts in mechanics. The innovations and contributions of Dr. Meriam (1917-2000) to the field of engineer ing mechanics cannot be overstated. He was one of the premier engineering educators of the second half of the twentieth century. Dr. Meriam earned the B.E., M.Eng., and Ph.D. degrees from Yale University. He had early industrial experience with Pratt and Whitney Aircraft and the General Electric Company. During the Second World War he served in the U.S. Coast Guard. He was a member of the faculty of the University of California-Berkeley, Dean of Engineering at Duke University, a faculty member at the California Polytechnic State University, and visiting professor at the University of California-Santa Barbara, finally retiring in 1990. Professor Meriam always placed great emphasis on teaching, and this trait was recognized by his students wherever he taught. He was the recipient of sev eral teaching awards, including the Benjamin Garver Lamme Award, which is the highest annual national award of the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE). Dr. L. Glenn Kraige, coauthor of the Engineering Mechanics series since the early 1980s, has also made significant contributions to mechanics education. Dr. Kraige earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Virginia, principally in aerospace engineering, and he is Professor Emeritus of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Vrrginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. During the mid-1970s, I had the singular pleasure of chairing Professor Kraige's graduate committee and take particular pride in the fact that he was the first of my fifty Ph.D. graduates. Professor Kraige was invited by Professor Meriam to team with him, thereby ensuring that the Meriam legacy of textbook authorship excellence would be carried forward to future generations of engineers. In addition to his widely recognized research and publications in the field of spacecraft dynamics, Professor Kraige has devoted his attention to the teaching of mechanics at both introductory and advanced levels. His outstanding teaching has been widely recognized and has earned him teaching awards at the departmental, college, university, state, re gional, and national levels. These awards include the Outstanding Educator Award from the State Council of Higher Education for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1996, the v

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. vi Foreword Mechanics Division of ASEE bestowed upon him the Archie Higdon Distinguished Educator Award. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advance ment and Support of Education awarded him the distinction ofVirginia Professor of the Year for 1997. In his teaching, Professor Kraige stresses the development of analytical capabilities along with the strengthening of physical insight and engineering judgment. Since the early 1980s, he has worked on personal-computer software designed to enhance the teaching/learning process in statics, dynamics, strength of materials, and higher-level areas of dynamics and vibrations. Welcomed as a new coauthor for this edition is Dr. Jeffrey N. Bolton, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology at Bluefield State College. Dr. Bolton earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His research interests include automatic balancing of six-degree-of-freedom elastically-mounted rotors. He has a wealth of teaching experience, including at Virginia Tech, where he was the 2010 recipient of the Sporn Teaching Award for Engineering Subjects, which is primarily chosen by students. In 2014, Professor Bolton received the Outstanding Faculty Award from Bluefield State College. He has the unusual ability to set high levels of rigor and achievement in the classroom while establishing a high degree of rapport with his students. In addition to main taining time-tested traditions for future generations of students, Dr. Bolton will bring effective application of technology to this textbook series. The Eighth Edition of Engineering Mechanics continues the same high standards set by previous editions and adds new features of help and interest to students. It contains a vast col lection of interesting and instructive problems. The faculty and students privileged to teach or study from the Meriam/Kraige/Bolton Engineering Mechanics series will benefit from several decades of investment by three highly accomplished educators. Following the pattern of the pre vious editions, this textbook stresses the application of theory to actual engineering situations, and at this important task it remains the best. John L. Junkins Distinguished Professor of Aerospace Engineering Holder of the Royce E. Wisebaker '39 Chair in Engineering Innovation Texas A&M University College Station, Texas

PRINTED BY: Stefan Dominicus . Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. PREFACE engineering, and a framework for most of the branches mechanics is both a foundation Many of the topics in such areas as civil, mechanical, Engineering of engineering. agricultural subjects of statics and dynamics. Even in a discipline such titioners, manufacturing involved. aerospace, and mechanics itsel� are based upon the engineering, prac process, may find themselves first having to deal with the mechanics components of a robotic device or a in the course of considering and of course engineering the electrical as electrical Thus, the engineering mechanics sequence is critical to the engineering curriculum. Not only is this sequence needed in itself, but courses in engineering to solidify the student's mathematics, in which to strengthen physics, and graphics. problem-solving of other important subjects, understanding In addition, abilities. these courses serve as excellent settings mechanics also serve including applied PHILOSOPHY The primary purpose of the study of engineering of mechanics; also required is the ability to visualize This capacity requires more than a mere knowledge of the physical and principles in terms of real materials, mechanics is to develop the capacity to predict the effects of force and motion while carrying out the creative design functions of engineering. mathematical configurations which govern the behavior of machines and structures. mechanics course is to help the student develop this ability to visualize, to problem formulation. Indeed, often a more important experience the principles and their limitations are learned together within the context of engineering application. model is progress is made when than its solution. Maximum of a meaningful mathematical One of the primary objectives actual constraints, the construction and the practical which is so vital physical limitations in a There is a frequent tendency in the presentation of mechanics to use problems mainly When the first view is allowed to predominate, and unrelated to engineering theory rather than to develop theory for the purpose of solving problems tend to become overly as a vehicle to illustrate problems. idealized demic, and uninteresting. formulating second view provides by far the stronger motive for learning theory and leads to a better balance between theory and application. providing with the result that the exercise becomes dull, aca in the need for and meaning of theory. The This approach deprives the student of valuable experience problems and thus of discovering The crucial role played by interest possible motive for learning cannot be overemphasized. we should stress the understanding Furthermore, as mechanics educators, the strongest and purpose in that, at best, theory can only approximate the real world of mechanics rather than the view that vii

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