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Intercultural Communication 讲义 .pdf

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    Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication is a discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization or social context made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Kaifaqu Campus, Dalian University of Technology Autumn, 2020
    Contents Lecture 1 How to make a power-point presentation Lecture 2 Intercultural competence Lecture 3 Interpersonal communication skills Lecture 4 Intercultural communication skills Lecture 5 High-context and low-context cultures Lecture 6 Linguistic differences via translation lectures 7 & 8 Nonverbal communication Lecture 9 Culture shock Lecture 10 Barriers to Intercultural Communication Lecture 11 Principles and strategies of intercultural communication Appendix 1: Scoring Rubric for Group Presentations Appendix 2: Topic area for PPT Presentation
    Intercultural Communication 1: Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation Top Tips for Effective Presentations 1. Show your Passion and Connect with your Audience It’s hard to be relaxed and be yourself when you’re nervous. But time and again, the great presenters say that the most important thing is to connect with your audience, and the best way to do that is to let your passion for the subject shine through. ü Be honest with the audience about what is important to you and why it matters. ü Be enthusiastic and honest, and the audience will respond. Your presentation needs to be built around what your audience is going to get out of the presentation. As you prepare the presentation, you always need to bear in mind what the audience needs and wants to know, not what you can tell them. While you’re giving the presentation, you also need to remain focused on your audience’s response, and react to that. You need to make it easy for your audience to understand and respond. When planning your presentation, you should always keep in mind the question: ü What is the key message (or three key points) for my audience to take away? You should be able to communicate that key message very briefly. 3. Keep it Simple: Concentrate on your Core Message 2. Focus on your Audience’s Needs
    4. Smile and Make Eye Contact with your Audience Intercultural Communication 1: Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation Some experts recommend a 30-second ‘elevator summary’, others that you can write it on the back of a business card, or say it in no more than 15 words. Whichever rule you choose, the important thing is to keep your core message focused and brief. And if what you are planning to say doesn’t contribute to that core message, don’t say it. This sounds very easy, but a surprisingly large number of presenters fail to do it. If you smile and make eye contact, you are building rapport, which helps the audience to connect with you and your subject. It also helps you to feel less nervous, because you are talking to individuals, not to a great mass of unknown people. To help you with this, make sure that you don’t turn down all the lights so that only the slide screen is visible. Your audience needs to see you as well as your slides. The beginning of your presentation is crucial. You need to grab your audience’s attention and hold it. They will give you a few minutes’ grace in which to entertain them, before they start to switch off if you’re dull. So don’t waste that on explaining who you are. Start by entertaining them. Try a story (see tip 7 below), or an attention-grabbing (but useful) image on a slide. This is a tip from Guy Kawasaki of Apple. He suggests that slideshows should: ü Contain no more than 10 slides; ü Last no more than 20 minutes; and ü Use a font size of no less than 30 point. This last is particularly important as it stops you trying to put too much information on any one slide. This whole approach avoids the dreaded ‘Death by PowerPoint’. As a general rule, slides should be the sideshow to you, the presenter. A good set 6. Remember the 10-20-30 Rule for Slideshows 5. Start Strongly
    7. Tell Stories Intercultural Communication 1: Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation of slides should be no use without the presenter, and they should definitely contain less, rather than more, information, expressed simply. If you need to provide more information, create a bespoke handout and give it out after your presentation. Human beings are programmed to respond to stories. Stories help us to pay attention, and also to remember things. If you can use stories in your presentation, your audience is more likely to engage and to remember your points afterwards. It is a good idea to start with a story, but there is a wider point too: you need your presentation to act like a story. Think about what story you are trying to tell your audience, and create your presentation to tell it. To effectively tell a story, focus on using at least one of the two most basic storytelling mechanics in your presentation: Focusing On Characters – People have stories; things, data, and objects do not. So ask yourself “who” is directly involved in your topic that you can use as the focal point of your story. For example, instead of talking about cars (your company’s products), you could focus on specific characters like: A Changing Dynamic – A story needs something to change along the way. So ask yourself “What is not as it should be?” and answer with what you are going to do about it (or what you did about it). For example, The drivers the car is intended for – people looking for speed and adventure The engineers who went out of their way to design the most cost-effective car imaginable Finding The Story Behind Your Presentation ü Ø Ø ü Ø Did hazardous road conditions inspire you to build a rugged, all-terrain jeep that any family could afford? Ø Did a complicated and confusing food labelling system lead you to establish a color- coded nutritional index so that anybody could easily understand it?
    8. Use your Voice Effectively 9. Use your Body Too Intercultural Communication 1: Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation The spoken word is actually a pretty inefficient means of communication, because it uses only one of your audience’s five senses. That’s why presenters tend to use visual aids, too. But you can help to make the spoken word better by using your voice effectively. Varying the speed at which you talk, and emphasizing changes in pitch and tone all help to make your voice more interesting and hold your audience’s attention. It has been estimated that more than three quarters of communication is non- verbal. That means that as well as your tone of voice, your body language is crucial to getting your message across. Make sure that you are giving the right messages: body language to avoid includes crossed arms, hands held behind your back or in your pockets, and pacing the stage. Make your gestures open and confident, and move naturally around the stage, and among the audience too, if possible. If you find presenting difficult, it can be hard to be calm and relaxed about doing it. One option is to start by concentrating on your breathing. Slow it down, and make sure that you’re breathing fully. Make sure that you continue to pause for breath occasionally during your presentation too. If you can bring yourself to relax, you will almost certainly present better. If you can actually start to enjoy yourself, your audience will respond to that, and engage better. Your presentations will improve exponentially, and so will your confidence. It’s well worth a try. The above are some common rules for an effective presentation. And there are the four dimensions for a distinctive, effective and polished PowerPoint 10. Relax, Breathe and Enjoy
    ü ü Content Intercultural Communication 1: Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation presentation. They are content, language, ü design and ü delivery. A well-designed presentation makes ideas flow in a logical manner. It can be either persuasive or informative. The structure of a good presentation is to start broad, get specific and end broad. You start from a big question, then narrow down to a specific topic, build your arguments with evidence, eventually end with a conclusion that back up the big question. The WOW statement to hook the audience within the first 30 seconds. Once you make it, the audience is yours. Here are two most-commonly-used techniques for an opening WOW statement: 1. Tell a story: story telling is a powerful technique to connect your audience in a memorable and meaningful way. The story could be personal, unexpected, challenging or funny. Capturing the audience’s attention with a funny story or a compelling question sets the tone for a more productive presentation. But, be careful, not to tell a long story. Finish your story in 30 seconds. Inspire with a quote: quotes are so popular because they are succinct nuggets of wisdom that can be easily read, remembered, and repeated for instant inspiration. Most people love quotes. 3. Besides a good structure and an opening WOW statement, the 3rd key for How to write the opening? 2.
    Language Intercultural Communication 1: Lecture 1 How to Make a Power-Point Presentation persuasive content is repetition. In a presentation, your key messages should be repeated throughout. Effective presenters use repetition to ensure their key messages are remembered, and if you need to, refer back to earlier stages of the presentation to ensure that the audience has fully assimilated your information. So, repeat the key messages, and you’ll be far more successful at achieving your objectives. Repeat the key words. repeat, repeat! The language for a compelling presentation is the S&S language. 1. keep your language simple. The technical jargon that the audience is not familiar with will make you lose your audience in seconds. So, keep your vocabulary simple, and get your point across in as straightforward a way as possible. No jargon, no abbreviation. 2. use signposts to attract the audience in your story. Good presenters always use language which shows where they are in their presentation. These “signposts” or sentence patterns make it easier for the audience to follow you, understand you and get you. These signpost phrases and sentences can be grouped according to their function in the presentation: ü how to welcome, § Good morning and welcome to [name of company, name of conference hall, hotel, etc.]. § Thank you all very much for coming today. I hope you all had a pleasant journey here today. ü how to introduce yourself, § My name is Mark Watson and I am responsible for … . §
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