国家开发银行招聘考试笔试真题.doc

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国家开发银行招聘考试笔试真题第一部分英语能力测试（限时 60 分钟）一、单项选择题（共 20 题） 1. George took ________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden. A. advantage B. profit C. possession D. charge 2. The bell rang and every student had to ________ their examination papers. A. give up B. give away C. give out D. give in 3. The committee is totally opposed ________ any changes being made in the plans. A. of B. on C. to D. against 4. My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ________ by then. A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left 5. ________ he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A. As he likes her much B. Although much he likes her C. Much as he likes her D. Much although he likes her 6. The mere fact ________ most people believe nuclear war would be mad does not mean that it will not occur. A. that B. which C. what D. whose 7. Hamlet is just an ________ character in the novel. A. imaginative B. imagined C. imaginary D. imaginable 8. The new movie ________ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. refuses 9. Does your hometown have an unofficial name? ________, what does it say about the area and the people who live there? A. And yet B. Or else C. If so D. Still worse 10. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, ________ from the sort of candles used only in churches. A. had come B. coming C. come D. that come 11. We were astonished ________ the temple still in its original condition. A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found 12. In some countries, ________ is called equality does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. one 13. Some states have an income tax ________ to that of the federal government.

A. same B. similar C. alike D. likely 14. The teacher ________ his lesson with pictures. A. illustrated B. explained C. illustration D. illuminated 15. Encounter Environmental Tours offers trips to some of the most beautiful and isolated wildernesses in the world ________ all the comforts of five-star accommodations. A. both B. plus C. though D. together 16. There’s a lot of food left over from the party; you ________ so many dishes. A. would have prepared B. needn’t have prepared C. might have prepared D. couldn’t have prepared 17. programme writer’s examine will the introduction to her life. This ________ an books in detail, A. following B. having followed C. being followed D. to be followed 18. I bought a new bicycle, ________ was very high. A. the price of which B. which price C. price of which D. which the price 19. Faced with the crisis, Monica looked pale, but quite ________. A. scary B. frightened C. crazy D. calm 20. It would be unwise to ________ too much importance to these opinion polls. A. stick B. pay C. apply D. attach 二、完形填空题（共 20 题） The gift of is a rare one. being a As to able professor _21_ it describe describe faces precisely words _22_ us, and we _23_ to procedures.” a face accurately recently: “When we try to identikit （拼脸型图） _24_ according to a research _25_ this subject, we can each probably recognize than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in _26_ details. This, when a _27_ feat, though, curiously enough, relatively fundamental problems of how and why we more one comes to think of it, is little attention has been devoted to the _28_ this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Some scientists argue that it is an inborn and the _29_ . about to distinguish that there brain’s _30_ faces”. are “special characteristics On the other hand, there are those, they are probably _31_ the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired and one. But _32_ all these arguments, sight is predominant. _33_

the to one survival. the very beginning recognize that is life, quickly for of faces essential at ability habit, _35_ ably unfortunate of faculty （能力）.This such people can often recognize individuals familiar faces is known to all, _38_ by their voices or their walking manners. With typical human _39_ many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other _40_ features. we been _37_ recognize for do the becomes daily living, if not How essential and valuable not _36_ until we en-counter people who have to inability it is prob an _34_ C. help D. desert 21. A. described B. said C. put D. talked about 22. A. take B. fail 23. A. resort B. seek C. move D. react 24. A. Yet B. Consequently C. In addition D. In contrast 25. A. of B. about C. in D. on 26. A. good B. delicate C. fine D. high 27. A. enormous B. big C. gigantic D. tremendous 28. A. acquire B. attain C. gain D. take 29. A. possession B. property C. activity D. action 30. A. ability B. capability C. competence D. capacity 31. A. on B. of C. in D. at 32. A. of B. in C. among D. out of 33. A. Created B. Formed C. Made D. Molded 34. A. accepted B. inborn C. established D. innate 35. A. essentially B. importantly C. significantly D. necessarily 36. A. value B. appreciate C. adore D. admire 37. A. taken B. robbed C. deprived D. seized 38. A. but B. therefore C. in addition D. so 39. A. cleverness B. ingenuity C. smartness D. intelligence 40. A. special B. general C. characteristic D. particular 三、阅读理解题（共 20 题） Passage 1 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But exclusive snap to decisions the interpersonal realm. in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t

Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast -food logo for just milliseconds primes us to reading has We unconsciously little to associate few 20 a read do fast with percent eating. faster, even though food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long. Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what can differentiates us from animals: dogs a spent think minutes. 12 about But percent about few the future only intermittently or for historically our of we days have contemplating the longer term. change Although the way technology might we react, it still have the imaginative reverse the high-speed trend. hasn’t capacity changed to rise above temptation and nature. our We 41. The time needed in making decisions may ________. A. vary according to the urgency of the situation B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction C. depend on the importance of the assessment D. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment 42. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ________. A. can be associative B. are not unconscious C. can be dangerous D. are not impulsive 43. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ________. A. trust our first impression B. do as people usually do C. think before we act D. ask for expert advice 44. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ________. A. critical assessment B. “thin C. sensible explanation D. adequate information 45. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ________. A. tolerant B. uncertain C. optimistic D. doubtful sliced” study

Passage 2 Americans or in no longer to expect command public figures, whether in sp writing, the English language with skill and eech gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Should, and Why We Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, b e expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk non-standard powerfully including English, proper. Black ones like can Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of that their while seem heads, would memorized poetry in peech McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, elaborate to most English-speakers. Mr. Italian old-fashioned inevitable one. politicians probably tend but to an s 46. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal A. is inevitable in radical education reforms B. is but all too natural in language development C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s 47. The word “talking” (Para. 3) A. modesty B. personality denotes ________. English ________.

C. liveliness D. informality 48. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree? A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk. B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English. C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining. D. Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas. 49. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________. A. interest in their language B. appreciation of their efforts C. admiration for their memory D. contempt for their old-fashionedness 50. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________. to “permanent” A. “temporary” is B. “radical” is C. “functional” is to “artistic” D. “humble” is to “noble” to “conservative” Passage 3 Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published last year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortality of loneliness is comparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies and controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness. Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington, D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that were less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both the less active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups. Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about. The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another

infected individual and they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, and may thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catching viruses, and Dr. Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cells to respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping up their protection against bacterial infection, which is a bigger relative risk to them. mec revealed, then, seems have to is a social environment person’s appropriately. body It and is tweaks not that the lonely and the genome its so th a Cole Dr. which What by inside responds hanism reaches at it gregarious are genetically different regulated is. Dr. from differently, Cole thinks each other. Rather, their according to how this regulation is genes sociable are an individual part of a wider mechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in. 51. What risk may lonely people run according to the first paragraph? A. They can have the same risk as the gregarious. B. They may have symbols of early aging. C. They may fall victim to chronic illnesses. D. They may undergo more severe illnesses. 52. Dr. Cole made an analysis of the activity of the genes by ________. A. measuring the level of messenger RNA B. calculating the number of more active gene types C. instructing the production of certain proteins D. comparing less active genes with more active ones 53. Broadly speaking, the genes more active in the lonely ________. A. helped to avoid infections resulting from viruses B. participated in guarding against bacteria C. came from a few different functional groups D. existed only as a small group 54. What can we know about viruses and bacteria from the fourth paragraph? A. Viruses often remain hidden in the environment. B. Bacteria are passed to other people by the infected individual. C. The lonely people can catch viruses more easily. D. Viruses pose a greater threat to the gregarious than bacteria. 55. What message does Dr. Cole seem to convey by the mechanism? A. The lonely people differ in genes from the gregarious people. B. Sociability can adjust a person’s genome and make it work properly. C. The lonely people can become sociable if they regulate their genes. D. Individuals have to find their own ways to adapt to the environment. Passage 4

That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read. is the don’t problem thornier makes techniques time seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles What -management offering tips on making time to read; a ng down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning— or book’s times.” But odd usi 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit “Give up TV” or “Carry book such experience, exhausted methods usual that that with free else the the you all in my up at to last thing you’re you so need. The modern challenging a the mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “ is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication ... It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires can’t becoming more efficient. but by obtained special merely which time, kind time just not of be a In fact,“becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as it only means moment judging you well approach spent instrumentally, giv in so far as it advances progress toward as a resource to be maximised en some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The fu ture d writes unstoppable infinite bottles belt,” nearly empty along comes feel like any an an at us Gary pressure Eberle to fill a Sacred book different-sized bottles(days, hours, and “we Time, conveyor his these in minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourslef in a book. So times what for does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regula You’d reading. think this might fuel the efficiency r mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too— providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes tem-porarily surface default which state from you the to take care really good of day, business, it before dropping back no longer feels as if you’re On down. “making time to a read”, but just reading, and making time for everything else. 56. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ________. A. what they can offer does not ease the modern mind B. what people often forget is carrying a book with them

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