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MPEG DASH ISO IEC 23009-1-2014.pdf
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
3.3 Conventions
4 Introduction
4.1 System description
4.2 DASH client model
4.3 DASH data model overview
4.4 Protocols
4.5 Media Stream and Representation properties
4.5.1 Switching and Random Access Support
4.5.2 Media stream access points
4.5.3 Non-overlapping Segments and Subsegments
4.5.4 Bitstream concatenation
4.6 Brands
4.7 Schemes
5 Media Presentation
5.1 General
5.2 Media Presentation Description
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Schema
5.2.3 Elements and Attributes added in Revisions and Amendments
5.2.3.1 Overview
5.2.3.2 Elements and Attributes added in this Revision
5.3 Hierarchical data model
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.1.1 Overview
5.3.1.2 Semantics
5.3.1.3 XML syntax
5.3.2 Period
5.3.2.1 Overview
5.3.2.2 Semantics
5.3.2.3 XML syntax
5.3.3 Adaptation Sets
5.3.3.1 Overview
5.3.3.2 Semantics
5.3.3.3 XML syntax
5.3.4 Media Content Component
5.3.4.1 Overview
5.3.4.2 Semantics
5.3.4.3 XML syntax
5.3.5 Representation
5.3.5.1 Overview
5.3.5.2 Semantics
5.3.5.3 XML syntax
5.3.6 Sub-Representation
5.3.6.1 Overview
5.3.6.2 Semantics
5.3.6.3 XML syntax
5.3.7 Common attributes and elements
5.3.7.1 Overview
5.3.7.2 Semantics
5.3.7.3 XML syntax
5.3.8 Subsets
5.3.8.1 Overview
5.3.8.2 Semantics
5.3.8.3 XML syntax
5.3.9 Segments and Segment information
5.3.9.1 General
5.3.9.2 Segment base information
5.3.9.2.1 Overview
5.3.9.2.2 Semantics
5.3.9.2.3 XML-Syntax
5.3.9.3 Segment list
5.3.9.3.1 Overview
5.3.9.3.2 Semantics
5.3.9.3.3 XML-Syntax
5.3.9.4 Segment template
5.3.9.4.1 Overview
5.3.9.4.2 Semantics
5.3.9.4.3 XML syntax
5.3.9.4.4 Template-based Segment URL construction
5.3.9.5 Segment information
5.3.9.5.1 Overview
5.3.9.5.2 Initialization Segment information
5.3.9.5.3 Media Segment information
5.3.9.5.4 Index Segment information
5.3.9.5.5 Bitstream Switching Segment information
5.3.9.6 Segment timeline
5.3.9.6.1 General
5.3.9.6.2 Semantics
5.3.9.6.3 XML syntax
5.4 Media Presentation Description updates
5.5 MPD assembly
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Syntax and semantics
5.5.3 Processing
5.6 Base URL Processing
5.6.1 Overview
5.6.2 Semantics
5.6.3 XML syntax
5.6.4 Reference resolution
5.6.5 Alternative base URLs
5.7 Program information
5.7.1 Overview
5.7.2 Semantics
5.7.3 XML syntax
5.8 Descriptors
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Semantics of generic descriptor
5.8.3 XML syntax of generic descriptor
5.8.4 Specific descriptors
5.8.4.1 Content protection
5.8.4.2 Role
5.8.4.3 Accessibility
5.8.4.4 Rating
5.8.4.5 Viewpoint
5.8.4.6 Frame-packing
5.8.4.7 Audio channel configuration
5.8.4.8 Essential Property Descriptor
5.8.4.9 Supplemental Property Descriptor
5.8.4.10 Asset Identifier
5.8.5 Specific scheme definitions
5.8.5.1 General
5.8.5.2 Content protection
5.8.5.3 Frame-packing
5.8.5.4 Audio channel configuration schemes
5.8.5.5 DASH role scheme
5.8.5.6 DASH Multiple views scheme
5.9 DASH metrics descriptor
5.9.1 Overview
5.9.2 Semantics
5.9.3 XML syntax
5.9.4 Metric reporting
5.10 Events
5.10.1 Overview
5.10.2 MPD Events
5.10.2.1 Overview
5.10.2.2 Semantics
5.10.2.3 XML-Syntax
5.10.3 Inband Event Signalling
5.10.3.1 Overview
5.10.3.2 MPD Signalling
5.10.3.3 Event message box
5.10.3.3.1 Introduction
5.10.3.3.2 Definition
5.10.3.3.3 Syntax
5.10.3.3.4 Semantics
5.10.3.3.5 Carriage of the Event Message Box in MPEG-2 TS
5.10.4 DASH-specific events
5.10.4.1 Overview
5.10.4.2 MPD validity expiration
6 Segment formats
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Segment types
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Initialization Segment
6.2.3 Media Segment
6.2.3.1 General
6.2.3.2 Subsegments and Segment Index
6.2.3.3 Subsegment Index
6.2.4 Index Segment
6.2.5 Bitstream Switching Segment
6.3 Segment formats for ISO base media file format
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts
6.3.2.1 Subsegments
6.3.2.2 Media stream access points
6.3.2.3 Segment Index
6.3.2.4 Subsegment Index
6.3.3 Initialization Segment format
6.3.4 Media Segment types
6.3.4.1 General
6.3.4.2 General format type
6.3.4.3 Indexed Media Segment
6.3.4.4 Sub-Indexed Media Segment
6.3.5 Self-Initializing Media Segment formats
6.3.5.1 General format type
6.3.5.2 Indexed self-initializing Media Segment
6.4 Segment formats for MPEG-2 transport streams
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts
6.4.2.1 Subsegment
6.4.2.2 Media stream access points
6.4.2.3 Segment Index
6.4.2.4 Subsegment Index
6.4.3 Initialization Segment types and formats
6.4.3.1 Initialization information
6.4.3.2 Initialization Segment
6.4.4 Media Segment types and formats
6.4.4.1 General
6.4.4.2 Basic Media Segment
6.4.4.3 Content Protection
6.4.4.4 Self-initializing Media Segment
6.4.5 Bitstream Switching Segment
6.4.6 Index Segment
6.4.6.1 General
6.4.6.2 Single Index Segment
6.4.6.3 Representation Index Segment
6.4.6.4 Subsegment Index Segment
6.4.7 Boxes used with MPEG-2 TS Index Segments
6.4.7.1 Introduction
6.4.7.2 MPEG-2 TS PCR information box
6.4.7.2.1 Definition
6.4.7.2.2 Syntax
6.4.7.2.3 Semantics
7 Combined semantics of MPD and Segment formats
7.1 Introduction
7.2 General
7.2.1 Media Presentation timeline
7.2.2 Segment Index
7.2.3 Segment alignment
7.2.4 Subsegment alignment
7.3 Media Presentation based on the ISO base media file format
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Media presentation timeline
7.3.3 Authoring Rules for specific MPD attributes
7.3.3.1 Segments starting with media stream access points
7.3.3.2 Bitstream switching
7.3.4 Sub-Representations
7.4 Media Presentation based on MPEG-2 TS
7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.2 Media presentation timeline
7.4.3 Authoring rules for specific MPD attributes
7.4.3.1 Segments starting with Media stream access points
7.4.3.2 Segment alignment
7.4.3.3 Subsegment alignment
7.4.3.4 Bitstream switching
7.4.4 Sub-Representations
8 Profiles
8.1 Definition
8.2 Full profile
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.2.3 Segment format constraints
8.3 ISO Base media file format On Demand profile
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.3.3 Segment format constraints
8.4 ISO Base media file format live profile
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.4.3 Segment format constraints
8.5 ISO Base media file format main profile
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.5.3 Segment format constraints
8.6 MPEG-2 TS main profile
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.6.3 Segment format constraints
8.6.4 Comments and recommendations
8.7 MPEG-2 TS simple profile
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.7.3 Segment format constraints
8.7.4 Recommendations
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO/IEC
23009-1
Second edition
2014-05-15
Information technology — Dynamic
adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) —
Part 1:
Media presentation description and
segment formats
Technologies de l'information — Diffusion en flux adaptatif dynamique
sur HTTP (DASH) —
Partie 1: Description de la présentation et formats de remise des
médias
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
© ISO/IEC 2014
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. v
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ vi
Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1
Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1
2
Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms ......................................................................... 2
3
Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2
3.1
Symbols and abbreviated terms .......................................................................................................... 5
3.2
Conventions ........................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7
4
System description ............................................................................................................................... 7
4.1
DASH client model ................................................................................................................................ 8
4.2
DASH data model overview .................................................................................................................. 9
4.3
Protocols .............................................................................................................................................. 11
4.4
Media Stream and Representation properties .................................................................................. 12
4.5
Brands .................................................................................................................................................. 14
4.6
Schemes ............................................................................................................................................... 15
4.7
Media Presentation .............................................................................................................................. 16
5
General ................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.1
Media Presentation Description ......................................................................................................... 16
5.2
Hierarchical data model ...................................................................................................................... 18
5.3
Media Presentation Description updates .......................................................................................... 61
5.4
MPD assembly ..................................................................................................................................... 62
5.5
Base URL Processing ......................................................................................................................... 64
5.6
Program information ........................................................................................................................... 66
5.7
Descriptors ........................................................................................................................................... 67
5.8
DASH metrics descriptor .................................................................................................................... 74
5.9
Events ................................................................................................................................................... 75
5.10
Segment formats ................................................................................................................................. 82
6
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 82
6.1
Segment types ..................................................................................................................................... 83
6.2
Segment formats for ISO base media file format ............................................................................. 85
6.3
Segment formats for MPEG-2 transport streams ............................................................................. 88
6.4
Combined semantics of MPD and Segment formats ....................................................................... 94
7
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 94
7.1
General ................................................................................................................................................. 95
7.2
Media Presentation based on the ISO base media file format ........................................................ 96
7.3
Media Presentation based on MPEG-2 TS ........................................................................................ 98
7.4
Profiles................................................................................................................................................ 100
8
Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 100
8.1
Full profile .......................................................................................................................................... 101
8.2
ISO Base media file format On Demand profile ............................................................................. 101
8.3
ISO Base media file format live profile ............................................................................................ 103
8.4
ISO Base media file format main profile ......................................................................................... 104
8.5
MPEG-2 TS main profile .................................................................................................................... 105
8.6
MPEG-2 TS simple profile ................................................................................................................. 106
8.7
Annex A (informative) Example DASH client behaviour ............................................................................. 108
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 108
A.1
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 108
A.2
Segment list generation ................................................................................................................... 109
A.3
Seeking .............................................................................................................................................. 112
A.4
Support for trick modes ................................................................................................................... 113
A.5
Switching Representations .............................................................................................................. 113
A.6
Reaction to error codes ................................................................................................................... 113
A.7
Encoder clock drift control .............................................................................................................. 114
A.8
Annex B (normative) MPD schema ............................................................................................................... 115
Annex C (normative) MIME type registration for MPD ............................................................................... 121
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 121
C.1
MIME type and subtype .................................................................................................................... 121
C.2
Parameters ........................................................................................................................................ 122
C.3
MPD Anchors .................................................................................................................................... 122
C.4
Annex D (normative) DASH Metrics ............................................................................................................. 124
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 124
D.1
DASH-Metrics client reference model............................................................................................. 124
D.2
Definition of observation points ...................................................................................................... 124
D.3
Semantics of the DASH metrics ...................................................................................................... 125
D.4
Annex E (normative) Byte range requests with regular HTTP GET methods .......................................... 131
Background ....................................................................................................................................... 131
E.1
Construction rule .............................................................................................................................. 131
E.2
Examples ........................................................................................................................................... 132
E.3
Annex F (informative) Guidelines for extending DASH with other delivery formats ............................... 133
Adding delivery formats to DASH ................................................................................................... 133
F.1
Media Presentation authoring rules................................................................................................ 133
F.2
Annex G (informative) MPD Examples and MPD Usage ............................................................................. 134
Example MPD for ISO Base media file format On Demand profile .............................................. 134
G.1
Example for ISO Base media file format Live profile .................................................................... 135
G.2
Example for MPEG-2 TS Simple profile .......................................................................................... 136
G.3
Example for multiple stereo views .................................................................................................. 137
G.4
Example for SVC alternative streams ............................................................................................. 138
G.5
Example for trick play support ........................................................................................................ 139
G.6
Example for content protected by multiple schemes ................................................................... 140
G.7
Example for usage of Role descriptor ............................................................................................ 141
G.8
Example for usage of Event Messaging ......................................................................................... 142
G.9
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................... 144
iv
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 23009-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2012), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO/IEC 23009-1:2012/Cor.1:2013.
ISO/IEC 23009 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Dynamic
adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH):
Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats
Part 2: Conformance and reference software
Part 3: Implementation guidelines [Technical Report]
Part 4: Segment encryption and authentication
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
v
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
Introduction
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is intended to support a media-streaming model for delivery
of media content in which control lies exclusively with the client. Clients may request data using the HTTP
protocol from standard web servers that have no DASH-specific capabilities. Consequently, this part of
ISO/IEC 23009 focuses not on client or server procedures but on the data formats used to provide a DASH
Media Presentation.
This part of ISO/IEC 23009 primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments.
It is applicable to streaming services over the Internet.
vi
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over
HTTP (DASH) —
Part 1:
Media presentation description and segment formats
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 23009 primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments
for dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services
over the Internet.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1, Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and
associated audio information: Systems
ISO/IEC 14496-10, Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video
Coding
ISO/IEC 14496-12, Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base media file
format (technically identical to ISO/IEC 15444-12)
ISO/IEC 23001-8, Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 8: Coding-independent
code points
IETF RFC 2141, URN Syntax, May 1997
IETF RFC 2616, Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1, June 1999
IETF RFC 3023, XML Media Types, January 2001
IETF RFC 3406, Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace Definition Mechanisms, October 2002
IETF RFC 3629, UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646, November 2003
IETF RFC 3986, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, January 2005
IETF RFC 4122, A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace, July 2005
IETF RFC 4288, Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures, December 2005
IETF RFC 4337, MIME Type Registration for MPEG-4, March 2006
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
1
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E)
IETF RFC 4648, The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings, October 2006
IETF RFC 5261, An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Patch Operations Framework Utilizing XML Path
Language (XPath) Selectors, September 2008
IETF RFC 5646, Tags for Identifying Languages, September 2009
IETF RFC 6265, HTTP State Management Mechanism, April 2011
IETF RFC 6381, The 'Codecs' and 'Profiles' Parameters for "Bucket" Media Types, August 2011
W3C XLINK XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.1, W3C Recommendation 06, May 2010
W3C Media Fragments URI 1.0 (basic), W3C Recommendation, 25 September 2012
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
access unit
unit of a media stream with an assigned Media Presentation time
3.1.2
accessibility
degree to which a media content or certain media content components are available to as many people as
possible
3.1.3
Adaptation Set
set of interchangeable encoded versions of one or several media content components
3.1.4
asset
content including media and metadata together with the rights to use the content by the content provider
3.1.5
available Segment
Segment that is accessible at its assigned HTTP-URL and a possibly assigned byte range that is the request
with an HTTP GET results in a reply of the Segment and 2xx status code
3.1.6
Bitstream Switching Segment
Segment that if present contains essential data to switch to the Representation it is assigned to
3.1.7
complementary Representation
Representation which complements at least one dependent Representation
3.1.8
continuous media
media with an inherent notion of time, for example, speech, audio, video, timed text or timed metadata
2
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
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