Level Up Your Web Apps With Go.pdf

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Level Up Your Web Apps With Go

Table of Contents

Preface

Who Should Read This Book

Conventions Used

Code Samples

Tips, Notes, and Warnings

Supplementary Materials

Some Notes

HTTP Requests

Go Get

Formatting

Imports

Guiding Gently, Not Explicitly

Terminal

Want to take your learning further?

Welcome New Gopher

Installation

The Go Workspace

Mac OS and Linux

Windows

Your First Go Code

Go Tools

Basic Types

Strings

Numbers

Integers

Floats

Booleans

Arrays and Slices

Looping

Maps

Looping over Maps

Dealing with Map Values

Functions

Pointers

Structs

Type Methods

Exported and Unexported Code

Summary

Go Types Explored

Custom Types

Interfaces

Error Handling

Embedded Types

The defer Command

Third-party Libraries

Syntax Options and Conventions

Alternative Syntax Options

Initializing Structs without Field Names

Empty Variable Initialization

Trailing Commas

Coding Style Conventions

Variable Naming

Constants

Constructors

Summary

HTTP

Responding to Requests

Breaking It Down

Adding More Information

Pattern Matching in Depth

Returning Errors

The Handler Interface

Chaining Handlers to Create Middleware

HTML Templates

Accessing Data

Conditionals with if and else

Loops with Range

Multiple Templates

Pipelines

Variables

Rendering JSON

Marshaling

Marshaling Structs

Custom JSON Keys

Nested Types

Unmarshaling Types

Unknown JSON Structure

Summary

Gophr Part 1: The Project

Using Bootstrap

Project Layout

Serving Assets

Rendering Pages

Creating a Layout

Advanced Routing

Using httprouter

Flexible Middleware

How Routing Works with Our Middleware

Summary

Gophr Part 2: All About the Users

Before We Start

What do users look like?

Hashing a Password

Identifiers

User Forms

Creating Users

Registration Form

Registration Handler

Creating Users

Input Validation

Persisting Users

Summary

Exercises

Gophr Part 3: Remembering Our Users

What makes up a session?

Persisting User Sessions

Checking for a User

Displaying User Information

Signing Out, Signing In

The Sign Out Process

The Login Process

Editing Your Details

Summary

Exercises

Gophr Part 4: Images

The Image Type

ImageStore Interface

Getting My(SQL) Groove On

MySQL Requirements

Connecting to Databases

Creating ImageStore

Implementing ImageStore in DBImageStore

Save

Find

FindAll

FindAllByUser

Uploading Images

Creating Images from a URL

Creating Images from a File

Displaying Images

Showing the Front Page Images

Showing a Single Image

Showing a User’s Images Only

Summary

Exercises

Gophr Part 5: Concurrency

Goroutines

Waiting for Goroutines to Finish

Communicating with Goroutines

Communicating with Multiple Channels

Using Channels and Selects for Timeouts

Looping on selects

Throwing Away Goroutines

Putting Goroutines into Practice

Using the Resized Images

Summary

Automated Testing

Writing Tests in Go

Passing and Failing

Testing Multiple Variations of Inputs

Code Coverage

Testing Between Packages

Testing HTTP Requests and Responses

Testing the Gophr Authentication

Testing Remote HTTP requests

Performance Benchmarking

Benchmark Regressions

Summary

Exercises

Packaging and Production

Creating Packages

What is a package?

An Example Package

Exporting

Avoiding Circular Imports

Let’s Implement a Real Package

Package Exercise

Dependency Management

Godep

Saving Your Dependencies

Using Dependencies

The gopkg.in Service

Deploying Go Applications

Compiling on the Server

Compiling Elsewhere

Cross-compiling

Building Go for Other Platforms

Mac OS and Linux

Windows

Building Binaries for Other Platforms

That’s All, Folks!

Summary of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1. Welcome New Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Go Types Explored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3. HTTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4. Gophr Part 1: The Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5. Gophr Part 2: All About the Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 6. Gophr Part 3: Remembering Our Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 7. Gophr Part 4: Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 8. Gophr Part 5: Concurrency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 9. Automated Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 10. Packaging and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

LEVEL UP YOUR WEB APPS WITH GO BY MAL CURTIS

iv Level Up Your Web Apps With Go by Mal Curtis Copyright © 2015 SitePoint Pty. Ltd. Product Manager: Simon Mackie Technical Editor: Lionel Barrow English Editor: Kelly Steele Cover Designer: Alex Walker Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Notice of Liability The author and publisher have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information herein. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors and SitePoint Pty. Ltd., nor its dealers or distributors will be held liable for any damages to be caused either directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book, or by the software or hardware products described herein. Trademark Notice Rather than indicating every occurrence of a trademarked name as such, this book uses the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Published by SitePoint Pty. Ltd. 48 Cambridge Street Collingwood VIC Australia 3066 Web: www.sitepoint.com Email: business@sitepoint.com ISBN 978-0-9924612-9-4 (print) ISBN 978-0-9941826-0-9 (ebook) Printed and bound in the United States of America

v About Mal Curtis Mal Curtis is a Kiwi polyglot software engineer currently focusing on Go and JavaScript. He’s the founder of transactional email management service Apostle.io, and is a Principal Engineer at Vend, where he helps make beautiful Point of Sale and Inventory Management software (yes, it can be beautiful). In the past he’s helped launch Learnable.com, and worked for SitePoint in Melbourne. In his spare time you’ll find him attempting geeky pursuits with varying levels of failure, such as quadcopters and sous vide cooking. About SitePoint SitePoint specializes in publishing fun, practical, and easy-to-understand content for web professionals. Visit http://www.sitepoint.com/ to access our blogs, books, newsletters, articles, and community forums. You’ll find a stack of information on JavaScript, PHP, Ruby, mobile development, design, and more.

To my Dad — for surrounding me with technology from my earliest days, I can never thank you enough. I miss you. And to Sarah — for your unrelenting support and patience. You’re my rock.

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