1998 年上海华东师范大学生态学考研真题
一、名词解释(共 40 分,每题 4 分)
生活型谱
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
构件生物
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
原生演替
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
种群空间分布格局
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
生态因子
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
种间关联
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
林德曼效率
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
生态位
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
群落排序
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
生态对策叫心
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
二、填充(共 15 分,每空 1 分)
1、生物多样性一般有 3 个水平∶()()()
2、群落演替按演替发生的时间进程可分为∶()()()
3、影响陆地生物群落分布的主要因素是()()()
4、种群动态主要表现在()()()
5、生物地化循环可分为()()()
三、问答题(共 30 分,每题 10 分)
1、简述群落的基本特征。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
2、试述种群两种进化动力的关系。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
3、用能量流程图简述在最适条件下植物利用太阳能形成净初级生产力(千卡·米-2 天 1)
的效率
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
四、计算题(15 分)
用比例重叠法计算 A、B 两物种利用食物资源(以食物人小表示)的生态位重叠值?