2018 年上海高考英语真题及答案
考生注意:
1. 考试时间 120 分钟, 试卷满分 150 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 I 卷(第 1-12 页)和第 II 卷(第 13 页),
全卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上
一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题
纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
第 I 卷(共 103 分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The
conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,
and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. It is satisfactory.
C. It is old-fashioned.
D. It is disappointing.
B. It is luxurious.
2. A. On August 5th.
3. A. A waiter.
4. A. In a theatre.
store.
5. A. She expected to a better show.
B. In a library.
B. A butcher.
B. On August 6th.
C. On August 7th.
D. On August 8th.
C. A porter.
D. A farmer.
C. In a booking office.
D. In a furniture
C. She wasn’t interested in the show.
6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast.
breakfast.
B. She could hardly find her seat.
D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.
B. The cafeteria serves good
C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.
D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve
breakfast.
7. A. Selling cucumbers.
tomatoes.
8. A. The man should work hard.
B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal.
D. Picking
C. The man may have another chance.
B. The man should turn down the job offer.
D. The man can apply for the job again.
9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day.
B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.
C. A vehicle is polluting the air.
10. A. Its ending is not good enough.
D. The man is reading a report online.
B. Its special effects are not satisfying.
C. It deserves an award.
D. It is good except for the scary part.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked
three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the
questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible
answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question
you have heard.
11
Questions
11. A.
12. A.
$1.
Pay
through
B.
the
$2
bills
13
C.
are based
$
$3
D.
on
52.
first.
the following
passage.
2%
of
the
salary
on
living
expenses.
a
savings account.
emergencies.
money.
wisely.
on
the following
passage.
B.
C.
D.
13. A.
B.
C.
D.
Spend
Deposit
Put
Methods
Saving
The
Secrets
Questions
14. A.
B.
sum
14
Free
$1000
every
month.
in
part of
the
saving
for
of
money
money
money.
family
of
saving
spending money
are based
16
importance
of
through
education.
A
C.
D.
15. A.
of
money.
from a
from many
Donations
Gifts
Let
students
B.
C.
D.
ice
Offer
Introduce
Reduce
a
the
local
newspaper.
people.
before
and
in
cream
school.
coffee.
bank
into
the campus.
traffic
jams
around.
16. A.
It
lacks
positive
B.
C.
D.
It
It
It
Section C
grow
place
should
is
remains
a
news.
a
into
worth
big
living
city.
in.
peaceful and
quiet.
Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The
conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required
to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers
on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Class Diary (June 13-19)
□13SUN
□14MON
□15TUE
□16WED
□17THU
□18FRI
□19SAT
17
for after-class activity application
Handing in three student
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Basketball Club meeting
Time:12:45—1:30pm
Place: The
19
Filling in a form with up-to-date personal data
Time:
Place: The computer room
break
20
Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Who is Sue Walter?
What is Sue’s suggestion for people with
difficulties?
In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her
job?
21
in court and a
She is
writer.
22
23
in decision-making.
What does Sue think happiness is?
24
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the
passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill
in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use
one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Bags of Love
Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed
with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and
contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out
pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how
my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two
weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods
and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and
(26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp,
in (27)______ she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids
were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.
Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)?
Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the
groceries if I found out?
When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I
gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me.
She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while
others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them
whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.
(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about
it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical
problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things,
it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that
if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck
at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain
point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be.
Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness
and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward
slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance,
feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to
say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over
unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had
better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than
is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have
worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting
married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress
in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each
word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.account
G. experiment
B. adjustable
C. appliances
D. capture E. decorations F. direct
H. intended
I. operated J. soulless
K. squeeze
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying
41
the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help
to
people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van
der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the
aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient
means. Design should avoid unnecessary
42
44
45
43
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that
design. Post-Modernist designers
if simplicity is done badly, the result is
with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily
began to
such as ovens and kettles.
influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s
function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the
user is that the product does what is
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desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of
the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most
importantly, it needs to
From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut
Esslinger. He believes design must take into
the sensory side of our nature
—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When
choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device
that allows us to easily
the toothpaste onto our brush.
. For example, think of a(n)
48
light where it is needed.
46
49
50
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or
phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best
fits the context.
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management,
developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people
instinctively
work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view
that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
51
53
57
65
59
60
62
63
Different cultures have different ways of
55
In any case, despite so much evidence to the
52
, many managers still agree
, that their employees need constant supervision
to Theory X. They believe,
if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from
54
without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
people. Unlike authoritarian
management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative
nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to
56
to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western
companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based
on general
. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers
than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional
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managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to
managers first. This empowerment (授
make decisions on their own without
the number of management
权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:
layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be
with
just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct
contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further
been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of
than has
management control to
that the overall business plan is being followed, and
that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
management, where teams of people linked
by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers
evaluate the
of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount
of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire
52. A. contrary
extreme
53. A. vice versa
otherwise
54. A. outside
above
55. A. replacing
encouraging
56. A. refer
apply
57. A. agreement
58. A. bossy
59. A. asking
60. A. doubling
B. practice
B. experienced
B. training
B. seek
B. expectation
Another trend is off-site or
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C. election
D. impression
D. firing
D. estimating
C. warning
C. reducing
B. for example
C. however
D.
C. western
D. male
B. contribute
C. object
B. assessing
C. managing
D.
B. inside
C. below
B. maintaining
C. lose
C. degree
D. dislike
D.
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D.
D.
B. left
61. A. honoured
62. A. economically B. traditionally
63. A. deny
64. A. virtual
on-the-scene
65. A. opinion
attractiveness
B. admit
B. ineffective
B. risk
C. crowded
D. compared
C. inadequately
C. assume
D. occasionally
D. ensure
C. day-to-day
D.
C. performance
D.
Section B
Direction:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA,
B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the
passage you have just read.
(A)
One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick
book called BestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain. My interest was aroused only
by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.
“Is it good?” I asked her.
“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.”
I leaned forward.
“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:
She never puts her toys away,
Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的
The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:
When she grows and gathers poise②,
②稳重
I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise,
And look in vain④ for scattered toys.
③莽撞的
④徒劳地
And I’ll be sad.
A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then,
the shock.
“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.
To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and
leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad.
It was so terrible I burst out crying.
“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.
“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”
She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when
you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”
“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about
that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again
and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple,
so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was
now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a
person’s world.
I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem.
After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem
that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.
66. Why was the writer attracted by the book BestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?
A. It was a thick enough book.
B. Something on its cover caught her eye.
C. Her mother was reading it with interest.
D. It has a meaningful title.
67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.
A. sad
B. excited
C. horrified
D. confused
68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.
A. it reflected her own childhood
B. it was written in simple language
C. it was composed by a famous poet
D. it gave her a hint of what would happen
69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.
A. discover the power of poetry
B. recognize her love for puzzles
C. find her eagerness to grow up
D. experience great homesickness
(B)
Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first
studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions
do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s
changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018
to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More
recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit
global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply
countries cut carbon emissions.
This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial
Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities
under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.
2℃
To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions
targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse
drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.
1.5℃
This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement,
after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting
temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.
0.8℃
This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting
us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.
0℃
The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial
age.
70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.
A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020
B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries
C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol
D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming
71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what
would happen by the year 2100?
A. The human population would increase by one third.
B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.
C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.
D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.
72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum
temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.
A. 0.8℃
C. 2℃
B. 1.5℃
D. 3.5℃
(C)
Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of
the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather
and use social media data.
The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last
week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal
contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify
sites that have clear terms and conditions.
“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless
drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says,
firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version
would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate
reflection of the original.
It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is
looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we
make that work in practice,” says Miller.
Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the
survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the
University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a
lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in
practice is another matter, he says.
Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may
not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention
because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact
is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and
bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.