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Python Web Development with Django.pdf

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    Table of Contents
    Introduction
    Where Web Frameworks Come From
    A Better Way
    We’re Not in Kansas Anymore
    Web Development Is Better with Python and Django
    I: Getting Started
    1 Practical Python for Django
    Python Skills Are Django Skills
    Getting Started: Python’s Interactive Interpreter
    Python Basics
    Python Standard Types
    Flow Control
    Exception Handling
    Files
    Functions
    Object-Oriented Programming
    Regular Expressions
    Common Gotchas
    Coding Style (PEP 8 and Beyond)
    Summary
    2 Django for the Impatient: Building a Blog
    Creating the Project
    Running the Development Server
    Creating the Blog Application
    Designing Your Model
    Setting Up the Database
    Setting Up the Automatic admin Application
    Trying Out the admin
    Making Your Blog’s Public Side
    Finishing Touches
    Summary
    3 Starting Out
    Dynamic Web Site Basics
    Understanding Models, Views, and Templates
    Overall Django Architecture
    Core Philosophies of Django
    Summary
    II: Django in Depth
    4 Defining and Using Models
    Defining Models
    Using Models
    Summary
    5 URLs, HTTP Mechanisms, and Views
    URLs
    Modeling HTTP: Requests, Responses, and Middleware
    Views/Logic
    Summary
    6 Templates and Form Processing
    Templates
    Forms
    Summary
    III: Django Applications by Example
    7 Photo Gallery
    The Model
    Preparing for File Uploads
    Installing PIL
    Testing ImageField
    Building Our Custom File Field
    Using ThumbnailImageField
    Setting Up DRY URLs
    The Item App’s URL Layout
    Tying It All Together with Templates
    Summary
    8 Content Management System
    What’s a CMS?
    The Un-CMS: Flatpages
    Beyond Flatpages: A Simple Custom CMS
    Possible Enhancements
    Summary
    9 Liveblog
    What Exactly Is Ajax?
    Planning the Application
    Laying Out the Application
    Putting the Ajax In
    Summary
    10 Pastebin
    Defining the Model
    Creating the Templates
    Designing the URLs
    Trying It Out
    Limiting Number of Recent Pastes Displayed
    Syntax Highlighting
    Cleanup Via Cron Job
    Summary
    IV: Advanced Django Techniques and Features
    11 Advanced Django Programming
    Customizing the Admin
    Using Syndication
    Generating Downloadable Files
    Enhancing Django’s ORM with Custom Managers
    Extending the Template System
    Summary
    12 Advanced Django Deployment
    Writing Utility Scripts
    Customizing the Django Codebase Itself
    Caching
    Testing Django Applications
    Summary
    V: Appendices
    A: Command Line Basics
    Putting the “Command” in “Command Line”
    Options and Arguments
    Pipes and Redirection
    Environment Variables
    The Path
    Summary
    B: Installing and Running Django
    Python
    Django
    Web Server
    SQL Database
    Summary
    C: Tools for Practical Django Development
    Version Control
    Project Management Software
    Text Editors
    D: Finding, Evaluating, and Using Django Applications
    Where to Look for Applications
    How to Evaluate Applications
    How to Use Applications
    Sharing Your Own Application
    E: Django on the Google App Engine
    Why the App Engine Matters
    Pure Google App Engine Applications
    Limitations of the App Engine Framework
    Google App Engine Helper for Django
    Integrating the App Engine
    Creating a New Django Application That Runs on App Engine
    Summary
    Online Resources
    F: Getting Involved in the Django Project
    Index
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F
    G
    H
    I
    J
    K
    L
    M
    N
    O
    P
    Q
    R
    S
    T
    U
    V
    W
    X–Z
    Colophon
    www.it-ebooks.info ptg
    Python Web Development with Django®
    Developer’s Library ESSENTIAL REFERENCES FOR PROGRAMMING PROFESSIONALS Developer’s Library books are designed to provide practicing programmers with unique, high-quality references and tutorials on the programming languages and technologies they use in their daily work. All books in the Developer’s Library are written by expert technology practitioners who are especially skilled at organizing and presenting information in a way that’s useful for other programmers. Key titles include some of the best, most widely acclaimed books within their topic areas: PHP & MySQL Web Development Luke Welling & Laura Thomson ISBN 978-0-672-32916-6 MySQL Paul DuBois ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32938-8 Linux Kernel Development Robert Love ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32946-3 Python Essential Reference David Beazley ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32862-6 Programming in Objective-C Stephen G. Kochan ISBN-13: 978-0-321-56615-7 PostgreSQL Korry Douglas ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33015-5 Developer’s Library books are available at most retail and online bookstores, as well as by subscription from Safari Books Online at safari.informit.com Developer’s Library informit.com/devlibrary www.it-ebooks.info ptg
    Python Web Development with Django® Jeff Forcier, Paul Bissex, Wesley Chun Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Cape Town • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City www.it-ebooks.info ptg
    Editor-In-Chief Mark Taub Acquisitions Editor Debra Williams Cauley Development Editor Michael Thurston Managing Editor Kristy Hart Project Editor and Copy Editor Jovana San Nicolas-Shirley Indexer Cheryl Lenser Proofreader Geneil Breeze Publishing Coordinator Kim Boedigheimer Cover Designer Gary Adair Compositor Jake McFarland Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publish- er was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omis- sions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk pur- chases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales international@pearson.com Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Forcier, Jeff, 1982- Python web development with Django / Jeff Forcier, Paul Bissex, Wesley Chun. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-10: 0-13-235613-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-13-235613-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Web site development. 2. Django (Electronic resource) 3. Python (Computer program language) 4. Web sites—Authoring pro- grams. I. Bissex, Paul. II. Chun, Wesley. III. Title. TK5105.8885.D54F68 2009 006.7’6—dc22 2008037134 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited repro- duction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permis- sions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc Rights and Contracts Department 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900 Boston, MA 02116 Fax (617) 671 3447 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-235613-8 ISBN-10: 0-13-235613-9 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana. First printing October 2008 www.it-ebooks.info ptg
    ❖ To Brian Levine, for introducing me to Python, a small thing that has made a big difference.To my parents, for allowing me to monopolize the family computer while growing up. And to my wife, for her loving support and understanding. —Jeff Forcier To my late father Henry, who taught me to tinker; to my mother Glenda, who taught me to write; and to my wife Kathleen, a brilliant star in my life. —Paul Bissex To my wonderful children, Leanna Xin-Yi and Daylen Xin-Zhi, for whom I’ve had to develop multiple pairs of eyes with which to keep watch over, and who are miraculously able to temporarily transport me back in time to remind me of what childhood and its amazing wonders were like. —Wesley Chun ❖ www.it-ebooks.info ptg
    Table of Contents Introduction Where Web Frameworks Come From A Better Way We’re Not in Kansas Anymore Web Development Is Better with Python and Django I: Getting Started 1 Practical Python for Django Python Skills Are Django Skills Getting Started: Python’s Interactive Interpreter Python Basics Comments Variables and Assignment Operators Python Standard Types Object Boolean Values Numbers Numeric Operators Numeric Built-in and Factory Functions Sequences and Iterables Lists Strings Sequence Built-ins and Factory Functions Mapping Type: Dictionaries Standard Type Summary Flow Control Conditionals Loops Exception Handling The finally Clause Throwing Exceptions with raise Files Functions www.it-ebooks.info 1 1 2 2 3 7 7 8 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 17 19 25 26 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 33 34 ptg
    Declaring and Calling Functions Functions Are First-Class Objects Anonymous Functions *args and **kwargs Decorators Object-Oriented Programming Class Definitions Instantiation Subclassing Inner Classes Regular Expressions The re module Searching Versus Matching Common Gotchas Single-Item Tuples Modules Mutability Constructor Versus Initializer Coding Style (PEP 8 and Beyond) Indent Four Spaces Use Spaces and Not Tabs Don’t Write Single-Line Suites on the Same Line as the Header Create Documentation Strings (aka “docstrings”) Summary 2 Django for the Impatient: Building a Blog Creating the Project Running the Development Server Creating the Blog Application Designing Your Model Setting Up the Database Using a Database Server Using SQLite Creating the Tables Setting Up the Automatic admin Application www.it-ebooks.info 34 36 38 40 42 44 44 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 48 48 50 52 53 53 53 54 54 55 57 58 59 61 62 62 63 63 64 65 ptg
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