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2015年陕西空军工程大学翻译硕士英语考研真题(A卷).doc
2015 年陕西空军工程大学翻译硕士英语考研真题(A 卷)
考试科目：翻译硕士英语（A 卷） 科目代码 211
Multiple choice. (20×1)
nearly impossible for
of caffeine can result in restlessness, insomnia, and even delirium.
说明：答题时必须答在配发的空白答题纸上，答题可不抄题，但必须写清题号，写在试题上
不给分; 考生不得在试题及试卷上做任何其它标记，否则试卷作废，试题必须同试卷一起交
回。
I.
(1) Choose the best word(s) to complete each of the following sentence.
1.Variables such as individual and corporate behavior
economists to forecast economic trends with precision.
A.Make
B. make it
C. it makes
D. makes it
2.
A.Consuming in excess
B. excessive consumption
C. to consume excessively
D. the consumption excessive
3.Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States,
they are found
A.Far north
B. north as far
C. farthest north
D. as far north as
4.The capacity for flight
A.To distinguish
B. distinguishes
C. which distinguishes
D. distinguishing
5.In sculpture
pliable materials.
A. to the term
B. is termed
C. the term
D. to term
6.Located at the upper end of each
endocrine system.
A. kidney which is
B. kidney is
C. kidney being
D. kidney
“modeling” denotes a way of shaping clay, wax or other
Ohio and Illinois.
insects from other invertebrates.
an adrenal gland，an integral part of the
and act as hosts to many insect pests.
land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin
7.Often very annoying weeds,
A that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods
B crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods
C the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy plants
D goldenrods crowd out less hardy plant
8.The musical comedy Oklahoma did much to expand the potential of the musical stage,
and it encouraged others to attempt
A．original themes
B．to original themes
C．that were original themes
D．how original themes
9.In western North America
form the Great Divide, which separates the areas
from which waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific.
A．the Rocky Mountains
B．where the Rocky Mountains
C．the Rocky Mountains in which
D．there are the Rocky Mountains
10.
from Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1865.
A．By the government granting of
B．Government grants of
C．For the government to grant
D．Government grants so that
(2). Choose the word(s) that is(are) closest in meaning to the underlined word(s).
11. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but
everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about
a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost
continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can
be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?
A. odd
B. marine
C. simple
D. rare
12. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South,
when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had
to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated
economy.
A. specialized
B. confusing
C. various
D. overwhelming
13.The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city
sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban
sprawl.
A. brought about
B. surrounded
C. sent out
D followed
14. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently
proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
A. Proponents
B. Merchants
C. Inspectors
D. Consumers
15. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior
to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized
eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.
A unbelievable
B. uncontested
C. unpopular
D. unverified
16. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million
from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled
masses.
A. buried beneath
B twisted together
C. quickly formed
D. easily dated
17. A
nearly
self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family
or clan structure and highly developed rituals.
A. uniform
B. general
C. primitive
D. traditional
18. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats
has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number
of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being.
A. Ignorance
B. tolerance
C. recognition
D. forgiveness
19. In the past, as today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads.
In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and
then are buried with their owners for the afterlife.
A. Protected
B. decorated
conservative,
isolated,
cohesive,
folk
culture
is
small,
C. purchased
D. enjoyed
20. The conservatism of the early English colonists in North American, their strong
attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the
furniture that was made in New England.
A. control of
B. distance from
C. curiosity about
D. preference for
II. Cloze test. (20×0.5)
Flight simulator （飞行模拟器） refers to any electronic or mechanical system for
training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight
conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute 21 actual
flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle 22 before
they 23 extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulation also
is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new 24 to existing craft.
Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first
flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to simulate
simple aircraft 25 in three dimensions，nose up or down；left wing high and right
low， or vice versa； and 26 to left or right. It took until 1929， however，for
a truly effective simulator，the Link Trainer，to appear，devised by Edwin A. Link，
a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton ， New York. 27 airplane
instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit "blind" flying on
instruments alone， but training pilots to do so involved 28 risk. Link built a model
of an airplane cockpit equipped 29 instrument panel and controls that could
realistically simulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device
for instrument training， manipulating the controls 30 instrument readings so as
to maintain straight and level flight or 31 climb or descent with no visual reference
32 any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer
was modified 33 aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the
Link Trainer for pilot training， and the US government began purchasing them in
1934，34 thousands more as World War II approached.
Technological advances during the war， particularly in electronics， helped to make
the flight simulator increasingly 35 The use of efficient analog computers in the
early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits，controls，and instrument
displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use
a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything 36 the simplest light planes.
By the 1950s， the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely 37 the cockpits
of its planes. During the early 1960s 38 digital and hybrid computers were adopted，
and their speed and flexibility revolutionized simulation systems. Further advances
in computer and 39 technology ， notably the development of virtual-reality
simulation， have made it possible to 40 highly complex real-life conditions.
21. A. for
C. with D. on
B. to
C. being concerned
C. underplay
D. underuse
D. concerned
C. modifiers
D. molecule
B. manipulations
B. yawning
C. yawing
C. manifestoes
D. maneuvers
D. yawping
C. By now
C. considering
D. By then
D. considered
B. in
C. with D. on
B. modifications
B. concern
B. undergo
22. A. concerning
23. A. undertake
24. A. models
25. A. manifestations
26. A. yawing
27. A. From then on B. From now on
28. A. considerable B. considerate
29. A. for
30. A. on the part of
C. on the track of
31. A. control
32. A. to
33. A. as for
34. A. acquiring
35. A. actual
36. A. except
37. A. replenished
38. A. electronic
39. A. program
40. A. resurrect
III.
B. realistic
B. except for
D. in
C. as
B. reproduce
B. for
C. on
B. requiring
B. as to
B. on the basis of
D. on the verge of
B. controllable C. controlled
D. controller
D. for
C. sustaining
D. retaining
C. realizing
C. apart from
B. replaced C. replicated
B. electric C. electricity
B. programmable C. programmed
D. true
D. but
D. reposed
D. electron
D. programming
Proof-reading and error-correction. (10×1)
C. resuscitate
D. resume
Direction: The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum
of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the
passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong
word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For
a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a“∧”sign and write
the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash“／”and put the
word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent.
This has probably been the case in quite a while.
During the 41
seventh
early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in
deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the
disease.
every
42
now on, though, western eyes, missing the global picture, saw the trouble
From 43
44 going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and
infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 45 20th
centuries.
In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics strengthened the trend in rich
countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to
countries. Medical researchers declared victory and withdrew.
imported
be
to
46
poor
They are wrong. In the mid 1980s the frequency of infections and deaths
to pick up again around the world.
47 started
Where tuberculosis vanished, it came
been away, it grew better.
48
back; in many places where it had never
50
million a year. Around 3
Health Organization estimates that 1.7 billion people (a third of the
The World 49
earth’s population)suffer from tuberculosis.
Even when the infection rate was falling, population growth kept the number of
clinical cases more or less constantly at 8
million
of those people died, nearly all of them in poor countries.
IV. Reading comprehension. (30’) Passage one
Birthdays often involve surprises. But this year’s surprise on the birthday of the
great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic.
On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, experts discovered that
one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake. This means
that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare looked like. "It’s very
possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliable because many of them
are copies of this one," said an expert from Britain’s National Portrait Gallery.
The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultraviolet light,
microphotography and paint samples. The experts from the gallery say the
image—commonly known as the“Flower portrait”—was actually painted in the 1800s,
about two centuries after Shakespeare’s death. The art experts who work at the
gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the paint on the
picture. These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814. Shakespeare died
in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609.
“We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840. This was when there
was a renewed interest in Shakespeare’s plays,” Tarnya Cooper, the gallery’s
curator, told the Associated President.
The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of his plays. It
is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, Desmond Flower, gave it
to the Royal Shakespeare Company.
“There have always been questions about the painting,” said David Howells, curator
for the Royal Shakespeare Company. “Now we know the truth, we can put the image
in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture.”
Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of the investigation
and the results will come out later this month.
51. Why this year’s surprise on the birthday of Shakespeare is dramatic?
For questions 52-54, please decide each of the statements is true or false. Write
T for true and F for false.
52. Now we know what Shakespeare looked like. (T/F)
53. “Flower portrait” was actually painted using X-rays, ultraviolet light,
microphotography and paint samples. (T/F)
54. In history, many people doubted the painting. (T/F)
55. Which is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the last paragraph?
A.
Soon we’ll know which portrait is reliable.
B.
Maybe we cannot find a real portrait of Shakespeare.
C.
If the two portraits are found to be false, they will test more.
D.
For now what Shakespeare really looked like will remain a mystery.
Passage two
Patients and doctors alike have long believed in the healing power of humor. It is
claimed that humor not only affects patients’ moods, but can actually help them
recover faster.
Several studies seem to support this. Patients in better spirits are known to have
higher immune cell counts. Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of
serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies.
Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced. They point out the fact that
many sufferings have been known to disappear naturally, with or without a daily dose
of laughter. They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be related
to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first.
Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better. On one level, it
takes our minds off our troubles and relaxes us. On another, it releases powerful
endorphins, a chemical produced by your body that reduces pain.
There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related
to a person’s health. It can show, for example, whether a person has suffered damage
to one particular area of the brain: the right frontal lobe (额叶).
Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the
funniest endings from a list. Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings that
were based on a relatively complex synthesis of ideas. Subjects with specifically
located brain damage, however, responded only to slapstick endings, which did not
depend on a particular context. When pressed, the brain-damaged subjects saw the
logic in the correct endings. They simply did not find them funny.
Of course, humor is largely an individual matter. Next time your friend does not
Many researchers are not convinced of the healing power of humor.
Patients in bad moods are known to have higher immune cell counts.
Optimism in general does seem to be related to better health.
People should try their best to cheer up for their good health.
.
.
all researchers have agreed on the healing power of humor
people seldom accuse their friends of not understanding jokes
the author holds a positive attitude to the healing power of humor
reading comics will surely become a popular way of treating diseases
the brain-damaged people are different from those with normal brains
a person with a normal brain usually responds to slapstick endings
a person suffering certain brain damage doesn’t appreciate a good joke
humor takes our minds off our troubles by releasing powerful endorphins
get one of your jokes, there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However,
you might suggest that he lighten up—for the health of it.
56. We can infer from the passage that
A.
B.
C.
D.
57. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
58. Scientists had some people read jokes and asked them to choose the funniest
endings from a list to confirm that
A.
B.
C.
D.
59. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Which comes first, humor or health?
B. Humor can cure different illnesses
C. People need humor in times of stress
D. Humor contributes to good health
Passage Three
How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales
A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but
it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly
baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they
had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell
faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating
how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including
humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behavior in Rome ，
Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of
Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.
Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things
they did not realise they
wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back
of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.
Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set
out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea
is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose
it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio
frequency identification tag，a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit
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