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超宽带无线通信英文版.pdf

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    ULTRA WIDEBAND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
    ULTRA WIDEBAND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Edited by Hu¨ seyin Arslan University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida Zhi Ning Chen Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
    This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 Copyright # 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as per- mitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or complete- ness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print, however, may not be available in electronic format. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Ultra wideband wireless communication / edited by Huseyin Arslan, Zhi Ning Chen, Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-471-71521-2 (cloth) 1. Broadband communication systems. 2. Ultra-wideband devices. 3. Wireless communication systems. I. Arslan, Huseyin, 1968– II. Chen, Zhi Ning. III. Di Benedetto, Maria-Gabriella. TK5103.4.U44 2006 621.384 - - dc22 2006008457 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
    &CONTENTS Preface Contributors Chapter 1 Introduction to Ultra Wideband Hu¨seyin Arslan and Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Benefits of UWB 1.1.2 Applications 1.1.3 Challenges 1.2 Scope of the Book Chapter 2 UWB Channel Estimation and Synchronization Irena Maravic and Martin Vetterli Introduction 2.1 2.2 Channel Estimation at SubNyquist Sampling Rate 2.2.1 UWB Channel Model 2.2.2 Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation 2.2.3 Polynomial Realization of the Model-Based Methods 2.2.4 Subspace-Based Approach 2.2.5 Estimation of Closely Spaced Paths 2.3 Performance Evaluation 2.3.1 Analysis of Noise Sensitivity 2.3.2 Computational Complexity and Alternative Solutions 2.3.3 Numerical Example 2.4 Estimating UWB Channels with Frequency-Dependent Distortion 2.4.1 Algorithm Outline 2.5 Channel Estimation from Multiple Bands 2.5.1 Filter Bank Approach 2.5.2 Estimation from Nonadjacent Bands 2.6 Low-Complexity Rapid Acquisition in UWB Localizers xv xix 1 1 2 3 3 4 11 11 14 14 15 16 20 24 25 25 27 28 29 31 32 32 32 34 v
    vi CONTENTS 2.6.1 Two-Step Estimation 2.7 Conclusions Chapter 3 Ultra Wideband Geolocation Sinan Gezici, Zafer Sahinoglu, Hisashi Kobayashi, and H. Vincent Poor Introduction 3.1 3.2 Signal Model 3.3 Positioning Techniques 3.3.1 Angle of Arrival 3.3.2 Received Signal Strength 3.3.3 Time-Based Approaches 3.4 Main Sources of Error in Time-Based Positioning 3.4.1 Multipath Propagation 3.4.2 Multiple Access Interference 3.4.3 Nonline-of-Sight Propagation 3.4.4 High Time Resolution of UWB Signals 3.5 Ranging and Positioning 3.5.1 Relationship Between Ranging and Optimal Positioning Algorithms 3.5.2 ToA Estimation Algorithms 3.5.3 Two-Way Ranging Protocols 3.6 Location-Aware Applications 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4 UWB Modulation Options Hu¨seyin Arslan, I˙smail Gu¨enc¸, and Sadia Ahmed Introduction 4.1 4.2 UWB Signaling Techniques 4.2.1 UWB-IR Signaling 4.2.2 Multiband UWB 4.2.3 Multicarrier UWB 4.2.4 OFDM 4.3 Data Mapping 4.3.1 Binary Data Mapping Schemes 4.3.2 M-ary Data Mapping Schemes 4.4 Spectral Characteristics 4.5 Data Mapping and Transceiver Complexity 4.6 Modulation Performances in Practical Conditions 36 39 43 43 44 44 45 49 51 52 52 53 53 54 55 55 58 69 70 71 77 77 78 79 83 85 85 87 87 89 91 92 93
    CONTENTS 4.6.1 Effects of Multipath 4.6.2 Effects of Multiple Access Interference 4.6.3 Effects of Timing Jitter and Finger Estimation Error 4.7 Conclusion Chapter 5 Ultra Wideband Pulse Shaper Design Zhi Tian, Timothy N. Davidson, Xiliang Luo, Xianren Wu, and Georgios B. Giannakis Introduction 5.1 5.2 Transmit Spectrum and Pulse Shaper 5.3 FIR Digital Pulse Design 5.4 Optimal UWB Single Pulse Design 5.4.1 Parks – McClellan Algorithm 5.4.2 Optimal UWB Pulse Design via Direct Maximization of NESP 5.4.3 Constrained Frequency Response Approximation 5.4.4 Constrained Frequency Response Design with Linear Phase Filters 5.5 Optimal UWB Orthogonal Pulse Design 5.5.1 Orthogonality Formulation 5.5.2 Sequential UWB Pulse Design 5.5.3 Sequential UWB Pulse Design with Linear Phase Filters 5.6 Design Examples and Comparisons 5.6.1 Single-Pulse Designs and their Spectral Utilization Efficiency 5.6.2 Multiband Pulse Design 5.6.3 Multiple Orthogonal Pulse Design 5.6.4 Pulse Designs for Narrowband Interference Avoidance 5.6.5 Impact of Pulse Designs on Transceiver Power Efficiency 5.7 Conclusions Chapter 6 Antenna Issues Zhi Ning Chen Introduction 6.1 6.2 Design Considerations 6.2.1 Description of Antenna Systems vii 93 95 96 99 103 103 105 108 110 110 111 113 114 115 115 117 118 120 120 122 123 125 126 128 131 131 132 132
    viii CONTENTS 6.2.2 Single-Band and Multiband Schemes 6.2.3 Source Pulses 6.2.4 Transmit Antenna and PDS 6.2.5 Transmit – Receive Antenna System 6.3 Antenna and Pulse versus BER Performance 6.3.1 Pulsed UWB System 6.3.2 Effects of Antennas and Pulses Chapter 7 Ultra Wideband Receiver Architectures Hu¨seyin Arslan Introduction 7.1 7.2 System Model 7.3 UWB Receiver Related Issues 7.3.1 Sampling 7.3.2 UWB Channel and Channel Parameters Estimation 7.3.3 7.3.4 Other Receiver-Related Issues Interference in UWB 7.4 TH-IR-UWB Receiver Options 7.4.1 Optimal Matched Filter 7.4.2 TR-Based Scheme 7.4.3 Differential Detector 7.4.4 Energy Detector 7.5 Conclusion Chapter 8 Ultra Wideband Channel Modeling and Its Impact on System Design Chia-Chin Chong Introduction 8.1 8.2 Principles and Background of UWB Multipath Propagation Channel Modeling 8.2.1 Basic Multipath Propagation Mechanisms 8.2.2 Classification of UWB Channel Models 8.3 Channel Sounding Techniques 8.3.1 Time-Domain Technique 8.3.2 Frequency-Domain Technique 8.4 UWB Statistical-Based Channel Modeling 8.4.1 Modeling Philosophy and Mathematical Framework 8.4.2 Large-Scale Channel Characterization 8.4.3 Small-Scale Channel Characterization 134 136 136 141 148 148 151 157 157 158 160 160 161 164 165 165 167 171 175 176 178 183 183 184 184 185 187 187 188 189 189 190 193
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