Matlab入门教程（英文版）.pdf

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Contents

1 Quick Start

Desktop Basics

Matrices and Arrays

Array Indexing

Workspace Variables

Text and Characters

Calling Functions

2-D and 3-D Plots

Programming and Scripts

Help and Documentation

2 Language Fundamentals

3 Mathematics

4 Graphics

5 Programming

MATLAB® Primer R2017b

How to Contact MathWorks Latest news: Sales and services: User community: Technical support: Phone: www.mathworks.com www.mathworks.com/sales_and_services www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us 508-647-7000 The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 MATLAB® Primer © COPYRIGHT 1984–2017 by The MathWorks, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. No part of this manual may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from The MathWorks, Inc. FEDERAL ACQUISITION: This provision applies to all acquisitions of the Program and Documentation by, for, or through the federal government of the United States. By accepting delivery of the Program or Documentation, the government hereby agrees that this software or documentation qualifies as commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used or defined in FAR 12.212, DFARS Part 227.72, and DFARS 252.227-7014. Accordingly, the terms and conditions of this Agreement and only those rights specified in this Agreement, shall pertain to and govern the use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display, and disclosure of the Program and Documentation by the federal government (or other entity acquiring for or through the federal government) and shall supersede any conflicting contractual terms or conditions. If this License fails to meet the government's needs or is inconsistent in any respect with federal procurement law, the government agrees to return the Program and Documentation, unused, to The MathWorks, Inc. Trademarks MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See www.mathworks.com/trademarks for a list of additional trademarks. Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Patents MathWorks products are protected by one or more U.S. patents. Please see www.mathworks.com/patents for more information.

Revision History December 1996 First printing May 1997 Second printing September 1998 Third printing September 2000 Fourth printing June 2001 July 2002 August 2002 June 2004 October 2004 March 2005 June 2005 Online only Online only Fifth printing Sixth printing Online only Online only Seventh printing September 2005 Online only March 2006 Online only September 2006 Eighth printing March 2007 Ninth printing September 2007 Tenth printing March 2008 Eleventh printing October 2008 Twelfth printing March 2009 Thirteenth printing September 2009 Fourteenth printing March 2010 Fifteenth printing September 2010 Sixteenth printing April 2011 September 2011 Seventeenth printing March 2012 Eighteenth printing Online only September 2012 Nineteenth printing March 2013 Twentieth printing September 2013 Twenty-first printing March 2014 October 2014 March 2015 September 2015 Twenty-fifth printing March 2016 Twenty-sixth printing September 2016 Twenty-seventh printing March 2017 Twenty-eighth printing September 2017 Twenty-ninth printing Twenty-second printing Twenty-third printing Twenty-fourth printing For MATLAB 5 For MATLAB 5.1 For MATLAB 5.3 Revised for MATLAB 6 (Release 12) Revised for MATLAB 6.1 (Release 12.1) Revised for MATLAB 6.5 (Release 13) Revised for MATLAB 6.5 Revised for MATLAB 7.0 (Release 14) Revised for MATLAB 7.0.1 (Release 14SP1) Revised for MATLAB 7.0.4 (Release 14SP2) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.0.4 (Release 14SP2) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.1 (Release 14SP3) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.2 (Release 2006a) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.3 (Release 2006b) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.4 (Release 2007a) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.5 (Release 2007b) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.6 (Release 2008a) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.7 (Release 2008b) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.8 (Release 2009a) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.9 (Release 2009b) Minor revision for MATLAB 7.10 (Release 2010a) Revised for MATLAB 7.11 (R2010b) Revised for MATLAB 7.12 (R2011a) Revised for MATLAB 7.13 (R2011b) Revised for Version 7.14 (R2012a) (Renamed from MATLAB Getting Started Guide) Revised for Version 8.0 (R2012b) Revised for Version 8.1 (R2013a) Revised for Version 8.2 (R2013b) Revised for Version 8.3 (R2014a) Revised for Version 8.4 (R2014b) Revised for Version 8.5 (R2015a) Revised for Version 8.6 (R2015b) Revised for Version 9.0 (R2016a) Revised for Version 9.1 (R2016b) Revised for Version 9.2 (R2017a) Revised for Version 9.3 (R2017b)

Contents Quick Start 1 MATLAB Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Desktop Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matrices and Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Array Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Workspace Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Text and Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calling Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-D and 3-D Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Line Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-D Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subplots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Programming and Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loops and Conditional Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Script Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Help and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-7 1-12 1-15 1-17 1-19 1-21 1-21 1-26 1-27 1-29 1-29 1-30 1-32 1-33 v

2 Language Fundamentals Matrices and Magic Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entering Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sum, transpose, and diag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The magic Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Generating Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matrix Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Array Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples of Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The format Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suppressing Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entering Long Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Line Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Colon Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deleting Rows and Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scalar Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logical Subscripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The find Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multidimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cell Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characters and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-2 2-4 2-5 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-11 2-13 2-14 2-16 2-16 2-17 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 2-23 2-24 2-26 2-26 2-28 2-30 2-33 vi Contents

3 4 Mathematics Linear Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matrices in the MATLAB Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systems of Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inverses and Determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factorizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Powers and Exponentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eigenvalues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Singular Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operations on Nonlinear Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multivariate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preprocessing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summarizing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visualizing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modeling Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3-2 3-10 3-22 3-26 3-33 3-37 3-40 3-44 3-44 3-44 3-47 3-48 3-48 3-48 3-54 3-58 3-70 Graphics Basic Plotting Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating a Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plotting Multiple Data Sets in One Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifying Line Styles and Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plotting Lines and Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphing Imaginary and Complex Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding Plots to an Existing Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying Multiple Plots in One Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Controlling the Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding Axis Labels and Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4-2 4-4 4-6 4-7 4-9 4-10 4-12 4-12 4-13 4-15 vii

Saving Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving Workspace Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Mesh and Surface Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About Mesh and Surface Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visualizing Functions of Two Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reading and Writing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing from the File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exporting the Figure to a Graphics File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Print Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working with Graphics Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphics Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functions for Working with Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Passing Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finding the Handles of Existing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 4-17 4-19 4-19 4-19 4-25 4-25 4-27 4-28 4-28 4-28 4-29 4-29 4-30 4-30 4-33 4-35 4-36 4-37 5 Programming Control Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conditional Control — if, else, switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loop Control — for, while, continue, break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Program Termination — return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vectorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scripts and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Global Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5-2 5-5 5-7 5-7 5-8 5-9 5-9 5-10 5-11 5-13 5-15 viii Contents

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