射频LNA仿真实验.pdf

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________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF Measurements Using SpectreRF To test an LNA, place it into the testbenches described in page 6. You can then perform various analyses to determine the gain, noise, power, linearity, stability, and matching performance for the LNA. This section demonstrates how to set up the required SpectreRF analyses and to make measurements on LNAs. It explains how to extract the design parameters from the data generated by the analyses. The workshop begins by bringing up the Cadence Design Framework II environment for a full view of the reference design: To prepare for the workshop, June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 1

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF Lab 1: Small Signal Gain (SP) The S Parameter (SP) analysis is the most useful linear small signal analysis for LNAs. In the following actions, you set up an SP analysis by specifying the input and output ports and the range of sweep frequencies. Action: Select the PORT0. Set up the port properties as follows: Parameter Resistance Value 50 ohm Port Number 1 DC voltage Source type (blank) dc Action: Action: Action: Action: Check and save the schematic. In the Virtuoso Schematic Editing window, select ADE_L. In the Virtuoso Analog Design Environment window, select Analyses — Choose…. In the Choosing Analyses window, select sp in the Analysis field of the window. June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 2

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF the form looks like this: June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 3

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF The Virtuoso Analog Design Environment window looks like this: Action : Choose Simulation — Netlist and Run to start the simulation or click the Netlist and Run icon in the Virtuoso Analog Design Environment window. Action : In the Virtuoso Analog Design Environment window, select Results — Direct Plot — Main Form…. A waveform window and a Direct Plot Form window open. Action: In the Direct Plot Form window, set Plotting Mode to Append. In the Analysis field, select sp. In the Function field, select GT (for Transducer Gain). In the Modifier field, select dB10. After these actions, the form looks like this: June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 4

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF Action: Click Plot. In the Function field, select GP (for Operating Power Gain). Click Plot once more. These actions plot GT and GP in one waveform window.GT is the smallest gain. This is expected from the discussion about “Gain” on page 7. The power gain GP is closer to the transducer gain GT than the available gain June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 5

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF You get the following waveforms: Action: Close the waveform window, and go back to the Direct Plot Form window. In the Direct Plot Form window, select NF (Noise Figure) in the Function field. In the Modifier field, select dB10. Click Plot. Action: In the waveform window, click New Subwindow. Action: In the function field, choose NC (Noise Circles). In the Plot type field, choose Z-Smith. Sweep Noise Level at Frequency 4G Hz starting from 2 to 4 dB with steps set to 0.2 dB. June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 6

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF Action: Click Plot. You get the following plot: June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 7

________________________________________________________________________ LNA Design Using SpectreRF In the above figure, the noise circle, NC, draws the NF on the Smith chart of the source reflection coefficient, ΓS . The result in the NC plot where ΓS = 0and NF = 1.9 dB matches the result in the NF plot. The center of the NC corresponds to S (that is, Gmin ) which Γ generates NFmin . The optimum location for the center of the noise circle is at the center of the Smith chart. However it is hard to center both the available gain circle, GAC, and the noise circle, NC, in the Smith chart. Action: Close the waveform window and go back to the Direct Plot Form window. In the function field, choose VSWR (Voltage standing-wave ratio). In the Modifier field, select dB20. Click VSWR1. You get the following waveforms: June 2008 Product Version 7.0.1 8

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