Building Web Applications with Erlang.2012.英文.pdf

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Table of Contents

Preface

Who This Book Is For

Learning Erlang

Before You Start

What You Will Learn

The Limits of This Book

Help! It Doesn’t Compile or Run!

Diagnosing the Error

What Version of Erlang and Yaws Are You Running?

Is Everything Loaded Correctly?

Are You Calling Everything Correctly?

Is Mnesia Running with Correct Tables?

Is the Example Just Plain Wrong?

Conventions Used in This Book

Using Code Examples

Safari® Books Online

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Building Scalable Systems with Erlang and REST

Why Erlang?

Erlang’s Advantages

Lack of Types

OTP—For More Than Just Telecom!

Why Web Services? Why REST?

New Opportunities for Scaling and Resilience

Cloud Computing

System Architecture and Erlang Scaling

Scaling up versus scaling out

Amdahl’s law

Data Storage Options

Mnesia

CouchDB

MongoDB

Redis

Riak

Chapter 2. Getting Started with Yaws

Working with Yaws

Starting Yaws

Serving Static Files

Compiling, Loading, and Running Code

Clustering Yaws

Dynamic Content in Yaws

EHTML

Headers and Redirects

Templates

ErlyDTL

Logging

Erlang OTP error_logger

Chapter 3. Appmods: Dynamic Content in Yaws

Appmod Configuration

When the URI Does Not Correspond to a File

Session Handling

Access Control

Interacting with Erlang Services and Business Logic Layers

Chapter 4. Implementing REST

Decoding a Request

Extracting the User’s Request

Response and Headers

Building the Response

JSON

XML

Responding to the REST Request

A Full Example

Chapter 5. File Upload

The File Upload Request

Saving to Disk

Putting It All Together

Storage in a Distributed System

Saving to Amazon S3

Chapter 6. WebSockets

The WebSocket Request

Basic WebSocket Handler

Advanced WebSocket Handler

Chapter 7. Streaming

Simple Streaming

Chapter 8. Using the HTTP Client

Making a Request

Using OAuth

Facebook Canvas

Chapter 9. Building an Application with OTP

Directory Structure

Building an Application Server

The Generic Server

The Multicast Server

Interfacing the Server with the Web

Some Client-Side Code

Let’s Have Some Adult Supervision Around Here!

A Little Optimization

Bundling as an Application

The App File

Wrapping Up OTP

Appendix A. Installing Erlang and Yaws

Appendix B. Beyond Yaws

Web Servers

Cowboy

MochiWeb

Misultin

Web Frameworks

Chicago Boss

Nitrogen

Zotonic

Appendix C. Interfacing with Ruby and Python

Ruby

Python

Appendix D. Using Erlang with Emacs

Distel

Flymake Mode

Gen Server Template

Building Web Applications with Erlang Zachary Kessin Beijing•Cambridge•Farnham•Köln•Sebastopol•Tokyo

Building Web Applications with Erlang by Zachary Kessin Copyright © 2012 Zachary Kessin. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editor: Simon St. Laurent Production Editor: Melanie Yarbrough Proofreader: Emily Quill Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Robert Romano Revision History for the First Edition: 2012-06-04 First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449309961 for release details. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Building Web Applications with Erlang, the cover image of a Silver Moony, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con- tained herein. ISBN: 978-1-449-30996-1 [LSI] 1338840029

Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Why Erlang? Erlang’s Advantages Lack of Types OTP—For More Than Just Telecom! 1. Building Scalable Systems with Erlang and REST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 3 4 4 6 6 7 9 Cloud Computing System Architecture and Erlang Scaling Data Storage Options Why Web Services? Why REST? New Opportunities for Scaling and Resilience Working with Yaws Starting Yaws Serving Static Files Compiling, Loading, and Running Code Clustering Yaws 2. Getting Started with Yaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 16 16 17 18 20 21 24 25 26 26 30 31 EHTML Headers and Redirects Dynamic Content in Yaws Erlang OTP error_logger Templates ErlyDTL Logging 3. Appmods: Dynamic Content in Yaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 34 35 Appmod Configuration When the URI Does Not Correspond to a File Cookies iii

Session Handling Access Control Interacting with Erlang Services and Business Logic Layers 36 38 39 4. 5. Response and Headers Building the Response Implementing REST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 41 Decoding a Request 41 43 45 47 49 51 51 Responding to the REST Request A Full Example Extracting the User’s Request JSON XML File Upload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 The File Upload Request 59 61 Saving to Disk 63 Putting It All Together 65 Storage in a Distributed System Saving to Amazon S3 66 6. WebSockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 70 72 74 The WebSocket Request Basic WebSocket Handler Advanced WebSocket Handler 7. Streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 79 Simple Streaming 8. Using the HTTP Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 83 86 86 Making a Request Using OAuth Facebook Canvas 9. Building an Application with OTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 92 93 93 96 101 102 104 Directory Structure Building an Application Server The Generic Server The Multicast Server Interfacing the Server with the Web Some Client-Side Code Let’s Have Some Adult Supervision Around Here! iv | Table of Contents

A Little Optimization Bundling as an Application The App File Wrapping Up OTP 108 114 115 117 A. Installing Erlang and Yaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 B. Beyond Yaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 C. Interfacing with Ruby and Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 D. Using Erlang with Emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Table of Contents | v

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