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2015 年广东暨南大学基础英语考研真题学科、专业名称：日语语言文学研究方向：考试科目名称：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part I Cloze (10 points) Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblankthereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into thepassage. Thenmarkthe corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center. In many ways, the history of women and men in higher education is the history of the education of White men, and ____1____ only those of substantial means. Since the mid-19th century women and people of color have become players in the higher education arena through coeducation and ____2____ and through the development of separate institutions. ____3____ in the United States began in 1636 with the founding of Harvard, which ____4____ the English university of Oxford and Cambridge. In the years after the Revolutionary War, ____5____states primarily in the South established ____6____ colleges, moving toward non-sectarianism. The forerunner of women ’ s higher education was also ____7____ during this period ____8____ of the Young Ladies’ Academy in Philadelphia; and Emma Willard’s female seminary in Troy, New York. The years ____9____ 1790 and 1850, characterized by the Enlightenment and the second Great Awakening, ____10____ the foundation for the ____11____ of women’s higher education in the United States through the reform impetus from these ____12____ ideologies. These two movements combined to make a strong case ____13____women’ s education. During this period the ____14____ normal schools appeared. ____15____ teaching is often associated with women and ____16____ one of the first professions women entered and eventually dominated, the development of normal schools and the roles ____17____ by women in them is complicated. Women often taught at the

elementary or secondary level ____18____ what would currently be considered a college degree. The earliest normal schools ____19____ single-sex institutions considered part of a secondary school to distinct institutions to an academic track within ____20____ university. 1. A. beginning B. at the first C. initially D. normally 2. A. integration B. independence C. participation D. function 3. A. Elementary education B. Secondary education C. Higher education D. Postgraduate education 4. A. is based on B. was modeled on C. would be due to D. resulted in 5. A. the number of B. a number of C. the numbers of D. a lot of number 6. A. its B. own C. whose own D. their own 7. A. sets up B. found C. established D. had built 8. A. because the foundation B. for the reason that C. since the result D. with the creation 9. A. between B. among C. during D. in 10. A. lay B. lie C. laid D. lying 11. A. revolution B. evolution C. realization D. organization 12. A. prevailing B. previewing C. producing D. progressing 13. A. by means of B. making use of C. with necessary reasons D. for the necessity of 14. A. first B. second C. third 15. A. In spite of B. Despite C. While 16. A. is B. was 17. A. made B. done C. are C. had D. fourth D. As D. were D. played 18. A. with B. without C. having D. not giving 19. A. arranged for B. arranged on C. ranged in D. ranged from 20. A. an B. a C. some D. the Part II Reading Comprehension Section A (40 points) Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked A,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today ’ s traditional-age college freshmen are “ more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job — even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions — be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company: no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机)：“Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”

From the long-term point of view, that’s wheat education really ought to be about. 21. According to the author’s observation, college students____. A) have never been so interested in the arts B) have never been so financially well off as today C) have never been so materialistic as today D) have never attached so much importance to moral sense 22.The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with____ . A) the financial goals they seek in life B) the influences of their instructors C) their own interpretations of the courses D) their understanding of the contributions of others 23. By saying “While it’s true that… be they scientific or artistic? (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that ____. A) business management should be included in educational programs B) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked C) human intellectual development has reached new heights D) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed 24. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can____ . A) create varying artistic interests B) help improve connections among people C) regulate the behavior of modern people D) help people see things in their right perspective 25．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded. B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong. C) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. D) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life. Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline （衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling. 26. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will____.

A) decrease gradually B)remain at the same level C) improve enormously D) become unstable 27. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is____. A) not easily accepted by the public B) often more expensive than old ones C) often inferior to old ones at first D) usually introduced to satisfy different tastes 28. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to_____. A) promote its production B) increase its popularity C) work out marketing policies D) speed up its life cycle 29. The author mentions the example of “backpacks” (Line 4, Para.2) to show the importance of____ . A) increasing usage among students B) serving both military and civil needs C) pleasing the young as well as the old D) exploring new market sections 30. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are____. A) improving product quality B) modernizing product style C) re-positioning their product in the market D) increasing product features Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class — whether a person is "working-class" or "middle-class"—are one area in which changes have been extremely slow. In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers' jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting. The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was — and still is — inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity （or the education and training） to make such long-term plans. Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays

or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups. 31 Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past? A) attitude and income B) life style and occupation C) income and job security D) job security and hobbies 32. The writer seems to suggest that the description of ____ is closer to truth? A) working-class drinking habits B) working-class ways of spending the weekend C) middle -class ways of spending money D) middle-class attitudes 33. According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle -class? A) desiring for security B) Making long term plans C) having priorities in life D) saving money 34. Working -class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors except____? A) better social security B) more job opportunities C) higher living standard D) better legal protection 35 Which of the following statement is incorrect? A) The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowing B) Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society

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