多载波和扩频通信系统教材.pdf

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Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems

Cover

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1 Fundamentals

1.1 Radio Channel Characteristics

1.1.1 Understanding Radio Channels

1.1.2 Channel Modeling

1.1.3 Channel Fade Statistics

1.1.4 Inter-Symbol (ISI) and Inter-Channel Interference (ICI)

1.1.5 Examples of Discrete Multipath Channel Models

1.1.6 Multi-Carrier Channel Modeling

1.1.7 Diversity

1.2 Multi-Carrier Transmission

1.2.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

1.2.2 Advantages and Drawbacks of OFDM

1.2.3 Applications and Standards

1.3 Spread Spectrum Techniques

1.3.1 Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access

1.3.2 Advantages and Drawbacks of DS-CDMA

1.3.3 Applications of Spread Spectrum

1.4 Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum

1.4.1 Principle of Various Schemes

1.4.2 Advantages and Drawbacks

1.4.3 Examples of Future Application Areas

1.5 References

2 MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMA

2.1 MC-CDMA

2.1.1 Signal Structure

2.1.2 Downlink Signal

2.1.3 Uplink Signal

2.1.4 Spreading Techniques

2.1.5 Detection Techniques

2.1.6 Pre-Equalization

2.1.7 Soft Channel Decoding

2.1.8 Flexibility in System Design

2.1.9 Performance Analysis

2.2 MC-DS-CDMA

2.2.1 Signal Structure

2.2.2 Downlink Signal

2.2.3 Uplink Signal

2.2.4 Spreading

2.2.5 Detection Techniques

2.2.6 Performance Analysis

2.3 References

3 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Multi-Carrier FDMA

3.2.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

3.2.2 OFDMA with Code Division Multiplexing: SS-MC-MA

3.2.3 Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA)

3.3 Multi-Carrier TDMA

3.4 Ultra Wide Band Systems

3.4.1 Pseudo-Random PPM UWB Signal Generation

3.4.2 UWB Transmission Schemes

3.5 Comparison of Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes

3.6 References

4 Implementation Issues

4.1 Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodulation

4.1.1 Pulse Shaping in OFDM

4.1.2 Digital Implementation of OFDM

4.1.3 Virtual Sub-Carriers and DC Sub-Carrier

4.1.4 D/A and A/D Conversion, I/Q Generation

4.2 Synchronization

4.2.1 General

4.2.2 Effects of Synchronization Errors

4.2.3 Maximum Likelihood Parameter Estimation

4.2.4 Time Synchronization

4.2.5 Frequency Synchronization

4.2.6 Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

4.3 Channel Estimation

4.3.1 Two-Dimensional Channel Estimation

4.3.2 One-Dimensional Channel Estimation

4.3.3 Filter Design

4.3.4 Implementation Issues

4.3.5 Performance Analysis

4.3.6 Time Domain Channel Estimation

4.3.7 Decision Directed Channel Estimation

4.3.8 Blind and Semi-Blind Channel Estimation

4.3.9 Channel Estimation in MC-SS Systems

4.3.10 Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems

4.4 Channel Coding and Decoding

4.4.1 Punctured Convolutional Coding

4.4.2 Concatenated Convolutional and Reed–Solomon Coding

4.4.3 Turbo Coding

4.4.4 OFDM with Code Division Multiplexing: OFDM-CDM

4.5 Signal Constellation, Mapping, Demapping, and Equalization

4.5.1 Signal Constellation and Mapping

4.5.2 Equalization and Demapping

4.6 Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrier Transmission

4.6.1 Nulling of Weak Sub-Carriers

4.6.2 Adaptive Channel Coding and Modulation

4.6.3 Adaptive Power Control

4.7 RF Issues

4.7.1 Phase Noise

4.7.2 Non-Linearities

4.7.3 Narrowband Interference Rejection in MC-CDMA

4.7.4 Link Budget Evaluation

4.8 References

5 Applications

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Cellular Mobile Communications Beyond 3G

5.2.1 Objectives

5.2.2 Network Topology and Basic Concept

5.2.3 System Parameters

5.3 Wireless Local Area Networks

5.3.1 Network Topology

5.3.2 Channel Characteristics

5.3.3 IEEE 802.11a, HIPERLAN/2, and MMAC

5.3.4 Transmission Performance

5.4 Fixed Wireless Access below 10 GHz

5.4.1 Network Topology

5.4.2 Channel Characteristics

5.4.3 Multi-Carrier Transmission Schemes

5.4.4 Transmission Performance

5.5 Interaction Channel for DVB-T: DVB-RCT

5.5.1 Network Topology

5.5.2 Channel Characteristics

5.5.3 Multi-Carrier Uplink Transmission

5.5.4 Transmission Performance

5.6 References

6 Additional Techniques for Capacity and Flexibility Enhancement

6.1 Introduction

6.2 General Principle of Multiple Antenna Diversity

6.2.1 BLAST Architecture

6.2.2 Space–Time Coding

6.2.3 Achievable Capacity

6.3 Diversity Techniques for Multi-Carrier Transmission

6.3.1 Transmit Diversity

6.3.2 Receive Diversity

6.3.3 Performance Analysis

6.3.4 OFDM and MC-CDMA with Space–Frequency Coding

6.4 Examples of Applications of Diversity Techniques

6.4.1 UMTS-WCDMA

6.4.2 FWA Multi-Carrier Systems

6.5 Software-Defined Radio

6.5.1 General

6.5.2 Basic Concept

6.5.3 MC-CDMA-Based Software-Defined Radio

References

Definitions, Abbreviations, and Symbols

Definitions

Abbreviations

Symbols

Index

Team DDU

Multi-CarrierandSpreadSpectrumSystemsK.FazelMarconiCommunicationsGmbHGermanyandS.KaiserGermanAerospaceCenter(DLR)Germany

Multi-CarrierandSpreadSpectrumSystems

Multi-CarrierandSpreadSpectrumSystemsK.FazelMarconiCommunicationsGmbHGermanyandS.KaiserGermanAerospaceCenter(DLR)Germany

Copyright2003JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ,EnglandTelephone(+44)1243779777Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):cs-books@wiley.co.ukVisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.comAllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwritingofthePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ,England,oremailedtopermreq@wiley.co.uk,orfaxedto(+44)1243770620.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.ItissoldontheunderstandingthatthePublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.OtherWileyEditorialOfﬁcesJohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USAJossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USAWiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,GermanyJohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,33ParkRoad,Milton,Queensland4064,AustraliaJohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore129809JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,22WorcesterRoad,Etobicoke,Ontario,CanadaM9W1L1Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataFazel,Khaled.Multi-carrierandspreadspectrumsystems/K.Fazel,S.Kaiser.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-470-84899-51.Spreadspectrumcommunications.2.Multiplexing.I.Kaiser,Stefan,1960–II.Title.TK5103.45.F392003621.382–dc222003057595BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryISBN0-470-84899-5Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,IndiaPrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,WiltshireThisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestryinwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction.

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