Information Technology Project Management.pdf-资料库

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CONTENTS PREFACE xv ABOUT THE AUTHOR xxi | CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Information Technology Projects 1 Global Technology Solutions 1 Introduction 2 How This Book Is Organized 3 The Software Crisis 4 Why IT Projects Fail 4 Improving the Likelihood of Success 6 A Socio-Technical Approach 6 A Project-Management Approach 7 A Knowledge-Management Approach 8 The Context of Project Management 9 What Is a Project? 9 Attributes of a Project 9 The Project Life Cycle and IT Development Define Project Goal 12 Plan Project 13 Execute Project Plan 13 Close Project 14 Evaluate Project 14 The IT Product Life Cycle 14 Planning 15 Analysis 15 Design 15 Implementation 15 Maintenance and Support 15 Putting the SDLC into Practice 16 12

vi INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT Structured Approach to Systems Development 16 Rapid Applications Development (RAD) 16 The PLC versus the SDLC 18 The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 19 Project Management Knowledge Areas 19 Chapter Summary 21 Review Questions 21 Extend Tour Knowledge 22 Bibliography 22 CHAPTER 2 Conceptualizing and Initializing the IT Project 23 Global Technology Solutions 23 Introduction 25 An Information Technology Project Methodology (ITPM) 25 Phase 1: Conceptualize and Initialize 27 Phase 2: Develop the Project Charter and Detailed Project Plan 28 Phase 3: Execute and Control the Project 29 Phase 4: Close Project 29 Phase 5: Evaluate Project Success 30 IT Project Management Foundation 30 Project Management Processes 31 Project Objectives 31 Tools 31 Infrastructure 31 Project Management Knowledge Areas 32 The Business Case 32 What Is a Business Case? 32 Developing the Business Case 33 Step 1: Select the Core Team 33 Step 2. Define Measurable Organizational Value (MOV) 34 Step 3: Identify Alternatives 40 Step 4: Define Feasibility and Assess Risk 41 Step 5: Define Total Cost of Ownership 42 Step 6: Define Total Benefits of Ownership 42 Step 7: Analyze Alternatives 43 Step 8: Propose and Support the Recommendation 47 Project Selection and Approval 48 The IT Project Selection Process 49 The Project Selection Decision 49

CONTENTS Vii Chapter Summary 52 Review Questions 53 Extend Tour Knowledge 54 Bibliography 54 | CHAPTER 3 Developing the Project Charter and Baseline Project Plan 55 Global Technology Solutions 55 Introduction 56 Project Management Processes 57 58 Project Management Process Groups Initiating 58 Planning 59 Executing 60 Controlling 60 Closing 60 Project Integration Management 60 Project Plan Development 61 Project Plan Execution 62 Overall Change Control 62 The Project Charter 63 65 65 What Should Be in a Project Charter? Project Identification 65 Project Stakeholders 65 Project Description 65 Measurable Organizational Value (MOV) Project Scope 65 Project Schedule 66 Project Budget 66 Quality Issues 66 Resources 66 Assumptions and Risks Project Administration Acceptance and Approval References 67 Terminology 67 Project 66 67 67 Planning Framework 68 The MOV 69 Define the Project's Scope Subdivide the Project into Phases 70 Tasks—Sequence, Resources, and Time Estimates 69 70

Viii INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT Sequence 70 Resources 70 Time 71 Schedule and Budget—The Baseline Plan 71 The Kick-Off Meeting 71 Chapter Summary 72 Review Questions 72 Extend Tour Knowledge 73 CHAPTER 4 The Human Side of Project Management 74 Global Technology Solutions 74 Introduction 75 Organization and Project Planning 76 The Formal Organization 77 The Functional Organization 77 The Project Organization 81 The Matrix Organization 82 Which Organizational Structure Is Best"? 84 The Informal Organization 85 Stakeholders 85 Stakeholder Analysis 85 The Project Team 86 The Roles of the Project Manager 86 Team Selection and Acquisition 88 Team Performance 88 Work Groups 89 Real Teams 89 Project Teams and Knowledge Management 91 Learning Cycles and Lessons Learned 92 The Project Environment 96 Chapter Summary 97 Review Questions 98 Extend Tour Knowledge 99 Bibliography 100 CHAPTER 5 Defining and Managing Project Scope 101 Global Technology Solutions 101 Introduction 102 Project Scope Management Processes 102

CONTENTS iX Project Scope Initiation 104 Project Scope Planning 105 Scope Boundary 105 The Scope Statement 105 Scope Statement 105 Out of Scope for this Project 106 Project Scope Definition 107 Project-Oriented Scope 107 Project-Oriented Scope Definition Tools 107 Product-Oriented Scope 109 Product-Oriented Scope Definition Tools 109 Project Scope Verification 111 Scope Change Control 113 Scope Change Control Procedures 114 Benefits of Scope Control 117 Chapter Summary 117 Review Questions 117 Extend Tour Knowledge 119 Bibliography 119 CHAPTER 6 The Work Breakdown Structure and Project Estimation 120 Global Technology Solutions 120 Introduction 122 The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 123 Work Packages 123 Deliverables and Milestones 124 Developing the WBS 125 The WBS Should Be Deliverable-Oriented 126 The WBS Should Support the Project's MOV 126 The Level of Detail Should Support Planning and Control 127 Developing the WBS Should Involve the People Who Will Be Doing the Work 128 Learning Cycles and Lessons Learned Can Support the Development of a WBS 128 Project Estimation 128 Guesstimating 128 Delphi Technique 129 Time Boxing 129 Top-Down Estimating 129 Bottom-Up Estimating 130

X INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT Software Engineering Metrics and Approaches 131 Lines of Code (LOG) 133 Function Points 133 COCOMO 137 Heuristics 139 Automated Estimating Tools 140 What Is the Best Way to Estimate IT Projects? 140 Chapter Summary 141 Web Sites to Visit 142 Review Questions 142 Extend Tour Knowledge 143 Bibliography 144 CHAPTER 7 The Project Schedule and Budget 146 Global Technology Solutions 146 Introduction 148 Developing the Project Schedule 149 Gantt Charts 150 Project Network Diagrams 150 Activity on the Node (AON) 151 Critical Path Analysis 152 PERT 153 Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) 154 Project Management Software Tools 156 Developing the Project Budget 158 Cost Estimation 159 Other Costs 161 Resource Allocation 163 Finalizing the Project Schedule and Budget 163 Chapter Summary 164 Review Questions 165 Extend Tour Knowledge 165 Bibliography 165 CHAPTER 8 Managing Project Risk 166 166 Global Technology Solutions Introduction 168 IT Project Risk Management Planning Process 170 Risk Planning 171

CONTENTS Xi Risk Identification 171 Risk Assessment 172 Risk Strategies 172 Risk Monitoring and Control 173 Risk Response 173 Risk Evaluation 173 Identifying IT Project Risks 173 An IT Project Risk Management Framework 174 Applying the IT Project Risk Management Framework 175 Tools and Techniques 177 Risk Analysis and Assessment 179 Qualitative Approaches 179 Expected Value 180 Decision Trees 180 Risk Impact Table 181 Quantitative Approaches 183 Discrete Probability Distributions 183 Continuous Probability Distributions 184 Simulations 187 Risk Strategies 190 Risk Monitoring and Control 192 Risk Response and Evaluation 193 Chapter Summary 194 Web Sites to Visit 195 Review Questions 195 Extend Tour Knowledge 196 Bibliography 196 | CHAPTER 9 Project Communication, Tracking, and Reporting 197 Global Technology Solutions 197 Introduction 199 Monitoring and Controlling the Project 200 The Project Communications Plan 202 Project Metrics 203 Earned Value 205 Reporting Performance and Progress 209 Information Distribution 210 Chapter Summary 213 Review Questions 215

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