The Cognitive Neurosciences(Gazzaniga 2009 4th ed).pdf

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Contents

Preface

I Development amd Evolution

Introduction

1 Development of the Primate Cerebral Cortex

2 Early Development of Neuronal Circuitry of the Human Prefrontal Cortex

3 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Uniqueness

4 Unraveling the Role of Neuronal Activity in the Formation of Eye-Specific Connections

5 Brain Changes Underlying the Development of Cognitive Control and Reasoning

II Plasticity

Introduction

6 Patterning and Plasticity of Maps in the Mammalian Visual Pathway

7 Synaptic Plasticity and Spatial Representations in the Hippocampus

8 Visual Cortical Plasticity and Perceptual Learning

9 Characterizing and Modulating Neuroplasticity of the Adult Human Brain

10 Exercising Your Brain

11 Profiles of Development and Plasticity in Human Neurocognition

III Attention

Introduction

12 Attention

13 Mechanisms of Selective Attention in the Human Visual System

14 The Frontoparietal Attention Network

15 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Visual Attention

16 Integration of Conflict Detection and Attentional Control Mechanisms

17 A Right Perisylvian Neural Network for Human Spatial Orienting

18 Spatial Deficits and Selective Attention

19 The Effect of Attentionon the Responses of Individual Visual Neurons

20 Selective Attention Through Selective Neuronal Synchronization

IV Sensation and Perception

Introduction

21 Grandmother Cells, Symmetry, and Invariance

22 Olfaction

23 Auditory Masking with Complex Stimuli

24 Insights into Human Auditory Processing Gained from Perceptual Learning

25 Auditory Object Analysis

26 The Cone Photoreceptor Mosaic in Normal and Defective Color Vision

27 Bayesian Approaches to Color Vision

28 Wiring of Receptive Fields and Functional Maps in Primary Visual Cortex

29 Encoding and Decoding with Neural Populations in the Primate Cortex

30 Perceptual Filling-in

31 Neural Transformation of Object Information by Ventral Pathway Visual Cortex

32 The Cognitive and Neural Development of Face Recognition in Humans

33 Roles of Visual Area MT in Depth Perception

34 Multisensory Integration for Heading Perception in Macaque Visual Cortex

35 Visual Stability during Saccadic Eye Movements

36 Optimal Estimation in Sensory Systems

V Motor Systems

Introduction

37 Neurobiology of Coordinate Transformations

38 Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Circuits with the Cerebral Cortex

39 The Basal Ganglia and Cognition

40 Computational Neuroanatomy of Voluntary Motor Control

41 Forward Models and State Estimation in Posterior Parietal Cortex

42 Parallels between Sensory and Motor Information Processing

43 The Mirror Neuron System

44 Relative Hierarchies and the Representation of Action

VI Memory

Introduction

45 Comparative Analysis of the Cortical Afferents, Intrinsic Projections, and Interconnections of the Parahippocampal Region in Monkeys and Rats

46 Medial Temporal Lobe Function and Human Memory

47 Reconsolidation

48 The Dynamic Interplay between Cognitive Control and Memory

49 Phases of Influence

50 Individual Differences in the Engagement of the Cortex during an Episodic Memory Task

51 Constructive Memory and the Simulation of Future Events

VII Language

Introduction

52 The Cortical Organization of Phonological Processing

53 Morphological Processes in Language Production

54 Ventral and Dorsal Contributions to Word Reading

55 The Neural Basis of Syntactic Processing

56 Semantic Unification

57 Early Language Acquisition

58 Genetics of Language

59 The Biology and Evolution of Language

VIII The Emotional and Social Brain

Introduction

60 Ontogeny of Infant Fear Learning and the Amygdala

61 Emotional Reaction and Action

62 Interactions of Emotion and Attention in Perception

63 Context Effects and the Amygdala

64 Neurogenetic Studies of Variability in Human Emotion

65 Components of a Social Brain

66 The Neural Basis of Emotion Regulation

67 Sharing the Emotions of Others

68 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Moral Judgment

IX Higher Cognitive Functions

Introduction

69 Prefrontal Substrate of Human Relational Reasoning

70 Decision Making and Prefrontal Executive Function

71 Circuits in Mind

72 Semantic Cognition

73 Two Views of Brain Function

74 The Neuroeconomics of Simple Goal-Directed Choice (Circa 2008)

75 Neuroeconomics and the Study of Valuation

76 Emotion and Decision Making

X Consciousness

Introduction

77 Comparing the Major Theories of Consciousness

78 Recovery of Consciousness after Brain Injury

79 The Neurobiology of Consciousness

80 Visual Awareness

81 The Role of Feedback in Visual Attention and Awareness

82 Emotion and Consciousness

83 Volition and the Function of Consciousness

84 Toward a Theory of Consciousness

XI Perspectives

85 Mapping Cognitive Neuroscience

86 Reflections on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Language

87 Why the Imagery Debate Won’t Go Away

88 Looking Toward the Future

89 The Landscape of Cognitive Neuroscience

Contributors

Index

MICHAEL S. GAZZANIGA, E D I T O R - I N - C H I E F The Cognitive Neurosciences F O U R T H E D I T I O N

THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCES

THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCES Fourth Edition Michael S. Gazzaniga, Editor-in-Chief Section Editors: Emilio Bizzi Alfonso Caramazza Leo M. Chalupa Scott T. Grafton Todd F. Heatherton Christof Koch Joseph E. LeDoux Steven J. Luck George R. Mangun J. Anthony Movshon Helen Neville Elizabeth A. Phelps Pasko Rakic Daniel L. Schacter Mriganka Sur Brian A. Wandell A BRADFORD BOOK THE MIT PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND

© 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email special_sales@mitpress.edu This book was set in Baskerville by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-01341-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) The cognitive neurosciences/edited by Michael S. Gazzaniga. —4th ed. 1. Cognitive neuroscience. physiology. 3. Neurosciences. WL 300 C6766 2009] QP360.5.N4986 2009 612.8′2—dc22 2009000145 [DNLM: 1. Brain—physiology. 2. Mental Processes— I. Gazzaniga, Michael S. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For Charlotte Smylie Gazzaniga with deep appreciation and gratitude

CONTENTS Preface xv I DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION Introduction Pasko Rakic and Leo M. Chalupa 3 Development of the Primate Cerebral Cortex Jon I. Arellano, and Joshua Breunig 7 Pasko Rakic, Early Development of Neuronal Circuitry of the Human Prefrontal Cortex Ivica Kostovic´ and Miloš Judaš 29 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Uniqueness Todd M. Preuss 49 Unraveling the Role of Neuronal Activity in the Formation of Eye-Speciﬁ c Connections Leo M. Chalupa and Andrew D. Huberman 67 Brain Changes Underlying the Development of Cognitive Control and Reasoning Silvia A. Bunge, Allyson P. Mackey, and Kirstie J. Whitaker 73 1 2 3 4 5 II PLASTICITY Introduction Helen Neville and Mriganka Sur 89 6 Patterning and Plasticity of Maps in the Mammalian Visual Pathway Sam Horng and Mriganka Sur 91 contents vii

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