Modem Navigation,
Guidance, and
Control Processing
by Ching-Fang L i n
Modeling, Design, Analysis, Simulation, and Evaluation ( M D A S E )
Modern Navigation, Guidance, and Control Processing
Advanced Control Systems Design
Integrated, Adaptive, and Intelligent Navigation, Guidance, and Control Systems Design
Digital Navigation, Guidance, and Control Systems Design
Modem Navigation,
Guidance, and
Control Processing
Ching-Fang Lin
American Gh'C Corporation
gig Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632
L i b r a r y of C o n g r e s s Catalo~lng-ln-Publlcatlon D a t a
Lln. Chlng-Fang.
M o d e r n navlgatlon, guldance. and control processing / by C h l n g
-Fang Lln.
p .
CI. -- ( S e r l e s In a d v a n c e d navlgatlon, guldance. and
c o n t ~ o l . a n d t h e l r a p p l l c a t l o n s : bk. 2)
I n c l u d e s blbllographtcal r e f e r e n c e s and index.
I S B N 0-13-596230-7
1. F l l g h t control. 2. G u i d e d ntsslles--Control systems.
I. Tltle. 11. S e r l e s .
TL589.4.L55
629.1--0C20
1991
90-43009
C I P
Editoriallproduction supervision
and interior design: Brendan M . Stewart
Cover design: Bruce Kenselaar
Manufacturing buyers: Kelly Behr and Susan Brunke
Acquisitions editors: Bernard Goodwin and Michael Hays
O 1991 by Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 0-13-59b230-7
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To my family
for their love, understanding,
and support throtrghout.
Contents
Series Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview, 1
1.2 Outline/Scope, 8
2 Modeling-Design-Analysis-Simulation-
Evaluation (MDASE) of NGC
Processing
2.1 LinearlNonlinear Intercept NGC
System, 13
2.1.1
LinearlNonlinear Intercept N G C
Processing, 14
2.1.2 Modeling and Simulation, 18
2.1.3 Guidance System Classification, 21
2.1.4 Flight Control System (FCS) and FCS
Sensing, 22
Contents
2.2 Target Signal Processing, 23
Targeting, 30
2.2.1
2.2.2 Kinematic/Relative Geometry, 34
2.2.3
Targeting Sensor Dynamics, 37
2.3 NGC System Design and Analysis, 45
2.3.1 Guidance Filtering/Processing, 45
2.3.2 N G C Stability and Pevfovmance
Analysis, 52
2.4 Target Tracking State Modeling, 68
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
Target Noise and Target Maneuver
Modeling, 68
Two-Dimensional Target Tracking
State Modeling, 72
Three-Dimensional lntercept State
Modeling, 74
3 Modem Multivariable Control Analysis
Singular Value Analysis, 78
Sensitivity and Complementary Sensitivity
Functions, 82
Design Requirements, 84
Structured Singular Value, 86
General Robustness Analysis, 89
Robustness of Real Perturbations, 90
3.6.1
State-Space Model for Additive
Uncertainty, 91
Slate-Spare Sing~rlar I/allres, 92
3.6.2
3.6.3 Root Loctrs, 92
3.6.4 A Monte Carlo Comnputation, 94
3.6.5 A Monte Carlo Analysis.for Second-
Order Systetns, 95
Stability Margin Comttp~rtatiot~, 98
3.6.6
Monte Carlo Analysis, 100
Covariance Analysis, 102
Adjoint Method, 106
3.9.1
3.9.2 Applications, 108
Adjoint P/~ilosophy, 106