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Cloud Computing Concepts and Practices 无水印原版pdf.pdf
Cover
Copyright
Foreword by Diane M. Bryant
Foreword by Professor V. Rajaraman
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
Definitions
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Cloud Computing Definitions
1.3 Cloud Computing Operational Characteristics
1.3.1 Cloud Computing Benefits
1.3.2 Cloud Computing Potential Risks
1.4 Cloud Computing Trends
1.4.1 Trend #1: Abstraction of Network, Storage, Database, Security, and Computing Infrastructure
1.4.2 Trend #2: A Pricing Model that Is Retail in Its Conception
1.4.3 Trend #3: Service-Level Agreements (SLAs)
1.5 Cloud Computing Needs
1.6 Points to Ponder
References
2 Foundations of Cloud Computing
2.1 Historical Evolution
2.2 Different Network Protocols
2.3 Evolution of Enterprise IT
2.4 Evolution of Web Services
2.5 Server Operations in a Data Center
2.6 Server-Based Web Services
2.7 Service-Oriented Architecture
2.8 Building an Enterprise SOA Solution
2.9 Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Approach
2.10 Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
2.11 Enterprise Implementation on Private Clouds
2.12 Enterprise Implementation on Hybrid Clouds
2.13 Web Threat Models
2.14 Open Web Application Security Project
2.15 Summary
2.16 Points to Ponder
References
3 Cloud Computing Pyramid
3.1 Roots of Cloud Computing
3.2 Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing
3.3 Cloud Players and Their Concerns
3.4 Considerations for Cloud Data Centers
3.4.1 Migration
3.4.2 Performance
3.5 Points to Ponder
References
4 Features of Private and Public Clouds
4.1 Customer Expectations of Cloud Computing
4.2 Interoperability of Cloud Computing
4.3 Reliability of Cloud Computing
4.4 Performance of Cloud Computing
4.5 A Sample Study
4.6 Summary
4.7 Points to Ponder
References
5 Cloud Workload Characterization
5.1 Motivation
5.2 Some Background on Workload Characterization
5.3 Top-Level Cloud Workload Categorization
5.4 Cloud Workload Categories
5.5 Computing Resources
5.5.1 Data Buses Between Servers
5.6 Example Workload Categorizations
5.7 Temporal Variability of Workloads
5.8 Low-Level or Hardware Metrics of Computer Utilization
5.9 Dynamic Monitoring and Cloud Resource Allocation
5.10 Benefits to Cloud Service Providers
5.11 Summary
5.12 Points to Ponder
References
6 Cloud Management and Monitoring
6.1 Motivation
6.2 Introduction to Cloud Setup and Basic Tools
6.3 Noisy Neighbors in a Cloud
6.4 Cloud Management Requirements
6.5 Essentials of Monitoring
6.6 Some Example of Monitoring Tools
6.7 Future Work
6.8 Points to Ponder
References
7 Cloud Computing and Information Security
7.1 Background and Definitions
7.2 Security Concerns of Cloud Operating Models
7.3 Identity Authentication
7.4 Secure Transmissions
7.5 Secure Storage and Computation
7.6 The Security Players
7.7 Traditional Versus Internet Security Issues
7.8 Variations and Special Cases for Security Issues with Cloud Computing
7.8.1 The Players
7.8.2 Secure Communication
7.8.3 An Example Security Scenario for Cloud Computing
7.9 A Few Key Challenges Related to Cloud Computing and Virtualization
7.10 Some Suggested Security Practices for Cloud Computing
7.11 Summary
7.12 Points to Ponder
References
8 Migrating to Cloud
8.1 Cloud Business Models
8.2 A Case Study: B2C
8.3 A Case Study: B2B
8.4 A Case Study: C2C
8.5 Summary
8.6 Points to Ponder
References
9 Migrating a Complex Industry to Cloud
9.1 Background
9.2 Introduction to EDA
9.3 A Brief History of EDA Tools and Flows
9.3.1 The Nascent Years of the 70s
9.3.2 The Roaring 80s
9.3.3 Growing up in the 90s
9.3.4 Maturing into the First Decade of Twenty-First Century
9.3.5 From 2010s till Now, EDA Stable
9.4 EDA Flow Steps Mapping to Cloud
9.5 Considerations for Cloud Computing Adoption
9.6 Summary
9.7 Points to Ponder
References
10 Costing and Billing Practices in Cloud
10.1 Cloud as a Service (CaaS): The Billing Imperatives
10.1.1 Billing and Best Practices
10.2 Pay as You Go
10.3 Amazon EC2 Motivations and Setup
10.3.1 Amazon's On-Demand Instances
10.3.2 Amazon Spot Instances
10.3.3 Amazon Reserved Instances
10.3.4 Amazon Dedicated Instances and Dedicated Hosts
10.4 Motivation and Methods for Right Sizing Customer VMs
10.4.1 Elastic IP
10.4.2 Elastic Load Balancing
10.4.3 Auto-Scaling
10.5 Cost Minimization
10.6 Capacity Forecasting
10.7 Optimizations Across Clouds
10.8 Types of Cloud Service-Level Agreements
10.9 Summary
10.10 Points to Ponder
References
11 Analytics in the Cloud
11.1 Background and Problem Statement
11.2 Introduction to MapReduce
11.3 Introduction to Hadoop
11.4 Usage of Amazon's MapReduce
11.5 Twitter Sentimental Analysis Using Cloud
11.6 Future Possibilities
11.7 Points to Ponder
References
12 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
12.1 Revisiting History of Computing
12.2 Current Limitations of Cloud Computing
12.3 Emergence of Internet of Things (IoT)
12.4 Emergence of Machine Learning
12.5 Emergence of Edge Computing
12.6 Security Issues in Edge Computing
12.7 Security Considerations for Edge Computing
12.8 Future Work Needed
12.9 Example of an IoT-Based Cloud Service
12.10 Summary
12.11 Points to Ponder
References
13 A Quick Test of Your Cloud Fundamentals Grasp
14 Hands-On Project to Use Cloud Service Provider
14.1 Project 1: Install Lamp Stack on Amazon EC2
14.1.1 Installing Lamp Web Server on AWS via EC2
14.1.2 Installing Wordpress
14.1.3 Wordpress URL
14.2 Project 2: Install PHP on Your AWS Instance
14.3 Project 3: Enhance Security of Your AWS Instance
14.4 Project 4: Setup a Load Balancer for Your AWS Instance
14.4.1 Elastic Load Balancer Setup
14.4.2 Unique Features of AWS Load Balancer
14.5 Project 5: Use Elastic IP for Your AWS Instance
14.5.1 How to Make an Instance Elastic
14.5.2 Extra: Elastic IP
14.6 Bonus
14.7 Points to Ponder
Appendix A
Appendix B: Additional Considerations for Cloud Computing
Appendix C: Suggested List of Additional Cloud Projects
Index
Naresh Kumar Sehgal
Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt
Cloud
Computing
Concepts and Practices
Cloud Computing
Naresh Kumar Sehgal Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt
Cloud Computing
Concepts and Practices
123
Naresh Kumar Sehgal
Santa Clara, CA
USA
Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt
Bangalore
India
ISBN 978-3-319-77838-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77839-6
ISBN 978-3-319-77839-6
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934927
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names,
in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
trademarks, service marks, etc.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG
part of Springer Nature
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Pramod would like to dedicate this book to
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, inventor of
World Wide Web, which revolutionized the
way we communicate information and share
knowledge.
Naresh wants to dedicate this book to his late
parents, Sh. Pawan Kumar Sehgal and
Mrs. Pushpa Sehgal, who inspired him to
always be curious and not to give up until a
task was done.
Foreword by Diane M. Bryant
The Cloud is a massive advancement in computer architecture. It is transforming
the way all digital services are delivered and consumed, accelerating the digitization
of all industries. With its high efficiency and scale, Cloud Computing enables the
democratization of technology worldwide.
With breakneck pace of technology innovation, broad education of the Cloud
lags the adoption. This book drives to close that gap and broaden the knowledge
base on what is a critical and foundational capability.
For all those looking to contribute to the digital economy, this book is a highly
valuable source of information.
Santa Clara, USA
November 2017
Diane M. Bryant
Group President, Intel Corporation
vii
Foreword by Professor V. Rajaraman
A Google search of “Cloud Computing” resulted in 90 million hits in December
2017. It is thus apparent that Cloud Computing is one of the hottest terms in
computing. It is a metaphor for computers connected to the Internet, which are
enclosed in a cloud-like boundary in figures that are used in PowerPoint presen-
tations. According to a Wikipedia entry (since removed), the term was first used
academically in a paper entitled “Intermediaries on Cloud Computing” by Ramnath
Chellappa in 1997. A start-up called Net Centric (now defunct) applied for a
trademark for “Cloud Computing” in 1999 for educational services that was
rejected. The terms became popular after it was used in 2006 by Eric Schmidt (then
the CEO of Google). The idea of Cloud computing as a computing utility, that is,
“pay for what you use” computing, was foreseen in 1961 by John McCarthy. In
1957 (the mainframe era), MIT had one of the most powerful computers at that
time, an IBM 704, that was used in a batch mode with punched cards as input. It
was time-consuming to write complex programs and make them work on this
computer. John McCarthy, who had joined the faculty of MIT in 1959, found it
very difficult to use this computer for his research. He wrote, in frustration, a note to
the Director of the Computer Centre suggesting that teletypewriters from the offices
of faculty members be connected to the IBM 704 permitting interactive time-shared
use of the computer by several persons simultaneously. Both hardware and software
technologies were not available to implement this idea. Fernando Corbató, who was
then the Associate Director of the MIT Computer Center, took up the challenge and
led a team that designed the hardware and the software of what is known as the
Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) on an IBM 709, the successor of IBM
704. The system became operational in 1961 that happened to be the centennial
year of MIT. John McCarthy in a lecture during the centennial year celebration said
that time-shared computers someday in the future will be organized as a public
utility just as a telephone system is a public utility and that such a computing utility
could become the basis of a new and important industry. It took over five decades to
realize the dream of John McCarthy, and now, Cloud Computing is an important
industry that provides not only as much computing and storage as one wishes from
one’s desk but also application programs “on tap,” on a pay only for what you use
ix
x
Foreword by Professor V. Rajaraman
basis. A number of technologies had to mature to provide what we now call Cloud
architecture. Among these are the emergence of the high-speed Internet, rapid
development of high bandwidth communication at competitive rates, availability of
huge storage at throwaway prices, and accessibility of powerful and highly reliable
computers at low cost. In addition, developments in software had to mature that
include advances in operating systems, powerful high-level language compilers,
service-oriented architecture, and cryptography. The major features of the Cloud
model of computing are service orientation, on-demand provisioning, virtualization,
multi-tenancy, self-healing, and SLA driven. Pay as you use is an added business
model, which is the main feature of a utility.
The architecture model of Cloud Computing is a paradigm shift and will be the
way data centers will be architected in the future. In the curriculum of under-
graduates in computer science and engineering, a number of discrete subjects such
as programming, computer logic design, computer architecture, computer networks,
Internet architecture, operating systems, World Wide Web software, and
object-oriented design are taught. A synthesis of many of the concepts learnt in
these courses is required to design Cloud architecture. Cloud Computing will
become a very important course taken by students in their final year of the
undergraduate curriculum, and textbooks are needed to teach such a course.
A number of books on Cloud Computing have appeared since 2013. Many of them
are addressed to working professionals and are not comprehensive. This book by
Dr. Naresh Sehgal and Prof. P. C. P. Bhatt is written primarily as a textbook. A look
at the table of contents shows that the coverage of the book is comprehensive. It
starts from basic principles of Cloud Computing, describes its historical evolution,
and outlines various models of the Cloud, types of services, how to characterize
workloads, customers’ expectations, management of Clouds, security issues,
problems in migrating applications to a Cloud, analytics, economics, and future
trends. A uniform feature of this book is a nice combination of a scholarly expo-
sition with a practical orientation. I particularly appreciated their treatment of
workload characterization, management, and monitoring. The authors have con-
ducted experiments on the performance of the providers of Cloud Services using
diverse workloads and have analyzed the results. They have devoted considerable
effort to explain the problems of Cloud security. Every chapter has a large number
of references to original sources that will provide the students enough information
to explore beyond what is in the text. Exercises are well thought out, and there is a
project orientation in these so that students can learn by doing.
Dr. Naresh Sehgal has a wealth of experience in the design and development of
Intel products and has been training professionals in the industry. This has resulted
in the practical orientation of this book. Prof. P. C. P. Bhatt has over 40 years of
experience in teaching students in reputed academic institutions internationally and
also to professionals in industries. He is one of the pioneer teachers of India. This
book has gained a lot by this admirable collaboration of an experienced professional
with a reputed academic. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book and learnt a lot
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