Mastering Swift 5 Deep dive into the latest edition.pdf

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Cover

Title Page

About Packt

Contributors

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Taking the First Steps with Swift

What is Swift?

Swift features

Playgrounds

Getting started with playgrounds

iOS, tvOS, and macOS playgrounds

Showing images in a playground

Creating and displaying graphs in playgrounds

What playgrounds are not

Swift language syntax

Comments

Semicolons

Parentheses

Curly brackets

An assignment operator does not return a value

Spaces are optional in conditional and assignment statements

Hello World

Summary

Chapter 2: Learning about Variables, Constants, Strings, and Operators

Constants and variables

Defining constants and variables

Type safety

Type inference

Explicit types

Numeric types

Integer types

Floating-point and Double values

The Boolean type

The String type

Tuples

Enumerations

Operators

Assignment operator

Comparison operators

Arithmetic operators

Remainder operator

Compound assignment operators

Closed range operator

Half open range operator

Ternary conditional operator

Logical NOT operator

Logical AND operator

Logical OR operator

Summary

Chapter 3: Optional Types

Introducing optionals

The need for optional types in Swift

Defining an optional

Using optionals

Forced unwrapping of an optional

Optional binding

Optional types with tuples

Optional chaining

The nil coalescing operator

Summary

Chapter 4: Using Swift Collections

Swift collection types

Mutability

Arrays

Creating and initializing arrays

Accessing the array element

Counting the elements of an array

Is the array empty?

Shuffling an array

Appending to an array

Inserting a value into an array

Replacing elements in an array

Removing elements from an array

Merging two arrays

Retrieving a subarray from an array

Making bulk changes to an array

Algorithms for arrays

Sort

Sorted

Filter

Map

Count

forEach

Iterating over an array

Dictionaries

Creating and initializing dictionaries

Accessing dictionary values

Counting the key or values in a dictionary

Is the dictionary empty?

Updating the value of a key

Adding a key-value pair

Removing a key-value pair

Set

Initializing a set

Inserting items into a set

Determining the number of items in a set

Checking whether a set contains an item

Iterating over a set

Removing items in a set

Set operations

Summary

Chapter 5: Control Flow

What have we learned so far?

Curly brackets

Parentheses

Control flow

Conditional statements

The if statement

Conditional code execution with the if...else statement

The guard statement

The for-in loop

Using the for-in loop

The while loop

Using the while loop

Using the repeat-while loop

The switch statement

Switch on tuples

Match on wildcard

Using case and where statements with conditional statements

Filtering with the where statement

Filtering with the for-case statement

Using the if-case statement

Control transfer statements

The continue statement

The break statement

The fallthrough statement

Summary

Chapter 6: Functions

Using a single parameter function

Using a multi-parameter function

Defining a parameter's default values

Returning multiple values from a function

Adding external parameter names

Using variadic parameters

Inout parameters

Omitting argument labels

Putting it all together

Summary

Chapter 7: Classes, Structures, and Protocols

What are classes and structures?

Similarities between classes and structures

Differences between classes and structures

Value versus reference types

Creating a class or structure

Properties

Stored properties

Computed properties

Property observers

Methods

Custom initializers

Internal and external parameter names

Failable initializers

Access controls

Inheritance

Overriding methods and properties

Overriding methods

Overriding properties

Preventing overrides

Protocols

Protocol syntax

Property requirements

Method requirements

Extensions

Optional chaining

Summary

Chapter 8: Using Protocols and Protocol Extensions

Protocols as types

Polymorphism with protocols

Type casting with protocols

Protocol extensions

Do I need to use protocols?

Swift's standard library

Summary

Chapter 9: Protocol Oriented Design

Requirements

Object-oriented design

Protocol-oriented design

Protocol inheritance

Protocol composition

Protocol-oriented design

Using the where statement with protocols

Structures versus classes

The array structure

Summary

Chapter 10: Generics

Introducing generics

Generic functions

Generic types

Conditionally adding extensions with generics

Conditional conformance

Generic subscripts

Associated types

Summary

Chapter 11: Availability and Error Handling

Native error handling

Representing errors

Throwing errors

Catching errors

The availability attribute

Summary

Chapter 12: Custom Subscripting

Introducing subscripts

Subscripts with Swift arrays

Creating and using custom subscripts

Read-only custom subscripts

Calculated subscripts

Subscript values

External names for subscripts

Multidimensional subscripts

Dynamic member lookup

When not to use a custom subscript

Summary

Chapter 13: Working with Closures

An introduction to closures

Simple closures

Shorthand syntax for closures

Using closures with Swift's array algorithms

Changing functionality

Selecting a closure based on results

Summary

Chapter 14: Concurrency and Parallelism in Swift

Concurrency and parallelism

Grand Central Dispatch

Calculation type

Creating queues

Creating and using a concurrent queue

Creating and using a serial queue

Async versus sync

Executing code on the main queue function

Using asyncAfter

Using the Operation and OperationQueue types

Using BlockOperation

Using the addOperation() method of the operation queue

Subclassing the Operation class

Summary

Chapter 15: Custom Types

Value types and reference types

Recursive data types for reference types

Inheritance for reference types

Dynamic dispatch

Copy-on-write

Implementing the equatable protocol

Summary

Chapter 16: Memory Management

How ARC works

Strong reference cycles

Summary

Chapter 17: Swift Formatting and Style Guider

What is a programming style guide?

Your style guide

Do not use semicolons at the end of statements

Do not use parentheses for conditional statements

Naming

Custom types

Functions and methods

Constants and variables

Indenting

Comments

Using the self keyword

Constants and variables

Optional types

Using optional binding

Using optional chaining instead of optional binding for multiple unwrapping

Using type inference

Using shorthand declaration for collections

Using switch rather than multiple if statements

Don't leave commented-out code in your application

Summary

Chapter 18: Adopting Design Patterns in Swift

What are design patterns?

Creational patterns

The singleton design pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the singleton pattern

The builder design pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the builder pattern

Structural design patterns

The bridge pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the bridge pattern

The facade pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the facade pattern

The proxy design pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the proxy pattern

Behavioral design patterns

The command design pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the command pattern

The strategy pattern

Understanding the problem

Understanding the solution

Implementing the strategy pattern

Summary

Other Books You May Enjoy

Index

Mastering Swift 5 Fifth Edition Deep dive into the latest edition of the Swift programming language Jon Hoﬀman BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Mastering Swift 5 Fifth Edition Copyright © 2019 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Commissioning Editor: Kunal Chaudhari Acquisition Editor: Larissa Pinto Content Development Editor: Arun Nadar Technical Editor: Jinesh Topiwala Copy Editor: Safis Editing Project Coordinator: Kinjal Bari Proofreader: Safis Editing Indexer: Pratik Shirodkar Graphics: Alishon Mendonsa Production Coordinator: Nilesh Mohite First published: June 2015 Second edition: November 2015 Third Edition: October 2016 Forth Edition: September 2017 Fifth Edition: April 2019 Production reference: 2241019 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78913-986-0 www.packt.com

Packt.com Subscribe to our online digital library for full access to over 7,000 books and videos, as well as industry leading tools to help you plan your personal development and advance your career. For more information, please visit our website. Why subscribe? Spend less time learning and more time coding with practical eBooks and Videos from over 4,000 industry professionals Improve your learning with Skill Plans built especially for you Get a free eBook or video every month Fully searchable for easy access to vital information Copy and paste, print, and bookmark content Did you know that Packt offers eBook versions of every book published, with PDF and ePub files available? You can upgrade to the eBook version at www.packt.com and as a print book customer, you are entitled to a discount on the eBook copy. Get in touch with us at customercare@packtpub.com for more details. At www.packt.com, you can also read a collection of free technical articles, sign up for a range of free newsletters, and receive exclusive discounts and offers on Packt books and eBooks.

Contributors About the author Jon Hoffman has over 20 years' experience in the field of information technology. Over those 20 years, Jon has worked in the system administration, network administration, network security, application development, and architecture arenas. Currently, Jon works as an Enterprise Software Manager at Syntech Systems. Jon has developed extensively for the iOS platform since 2008. This includes several apps that he has published in the App Store, apps that he has written for third parties, and numerous enterprise applications. Some of Jon's other interests are watching Baseball (Go Sox) and Basketball (Go Celtics). Jon also really enjoys Tae Kwon Do, where he and his oldest daughter earned their black belts together early in 2014. With this being the fifth edition of the Mastering Swift book, I would like to thank everyone who has given me encouragement, positive feedback, and constructive criticism through the years. That includes my family, friends, co-workers, and everyone at Packt.

About the reviewers Gene De Lisa has been a software developer since the early 1980s in a wide variety of languages and platforms, He has been programming in iOS since 2009, and Swift since its release day in June 2014. He earned his doctorate in 1993. He has been an independent consultant in Enterprise Java since the 1990s and iOS since 2012. Vinod Madigeri is a senior software engineer with expertise in full-stack app development. He received his Master’s in Computer Science from the University of Utah in 2015. He has worked in several industries (telecommunication, game technologies, and consumer electronics) as a developer, team leader, and mentor writing software — in C, C++, Python, Objective-C, and Swift — for macOS and iOS platforms. Currently, he spends much of his time exploring Machine Learning as a skill to complement his software development efforts. Vinod has also been a technical reviewer for Object–Oriented Programming with Swift, Hands-On Full-Stack Development with Swift, and Multiplayer Game Development with HTML5. I'd like to thank my wife, Shruti, for her constant support, encouragement, and vanguard thoughts. Packt is searching for authors like you If you're interested in becoming an author for Packt, please visit authors.packtpub.com and apply today. We have worked with thousands of developers and tech professionals, just like you, to help them share their insight with the global tech community. You can make a general application, apply for a specific hot topic that we are recruiting an author for, or submit your own idea.

Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: Taking the First Steps with Swift 1 Swift language syntax What is Swift? Swift features Playgrounds Getting started with playgrounds iOS, tvOS, and macOS playgrounds Showing images in a playground Creating and displaying graphs in playgrounds What playgrounds are not Comments Semicolons Parentheses Curly brackets An assignment operator does not return a value Spaces are optional in conditional and assignment statements 6 6 9 10 10 14 14 18 19 20 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Chapter 2: Learning about Variables, Constants, Strings, and Operators 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 39 41 42 47 48 52 52 53 53 54 54 Assignment operator Comparison operators Arithmetic operators Remainder operator Compound assignment operators Hello World Summary Constants and variables Defining constants and variables Type safety Type inference Explicit types Numeric types Integer types Floating-point and Double values The Boolean type The String type Tuples Enumerations Operators

Table of Contents Closed range operator Half open range operator Ternary conditional operator Logical NOT operator Logical AND operator Logical OR operator Summary Chapter 3: Optional Types Introducing optionals The need for optional types in Swift Defining an optional Using optionals Forced unwrapping of an optional Optional binding Optional types with tuples Optional chaining The nil coalescing operator Summary Chapter 4: Using Swift Collections Swift collection types Arrays Mutability Creating and initializing arrays Accessing the array element Counting the elements of an array Is the array empty? Shuffling an array Appending to an array Inserting a value into an array Replacing elements in an array Removing elements from an array Merging two arrays Retrieving a subarray from an array Making bulk changes to an array Algorithms for arrays Sort Sorted Filter Map Count forEach Dictionaries Iterating over an array Creating and initializing dictionaries [ ii ] 55 55 56 56 56 57 57 58 58 60 61 61 61 62 64 64 64 65 66 66 67 67 68 69 70 71 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 75 76 76 77 77 78 79 79 80 81 81

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