2020 年北京高考英语真题试题及答案
本试卷共 12 页,共 120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一节语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45 分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food
1
(play) a big role in his life.
"My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver
prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if
you're
2
(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them
3
you
can join in when it's possible.
B
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they
4
(throw) away. It takes
them hundreds of years
5
(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger
ones can trop sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart
6
countless tiny pieces, and fish cam accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of
7
(country)and
regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
C
A piece of stone
8
(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known
as Neanderthals,
were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals
9 (live)alongside human ancestors
in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were
much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were
10
(smart)than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
第二节完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 30 分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 4、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family
get-together in the town of Vail.
On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all
at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded(蹚水)around in the fountain until we
This is one of the busiest walking streets.
11
12
After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder
13
that
nowhere could he find his backpack, which
14
his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough
15
we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
Ponder has never
16
anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision
(指导)for managing his
17
.
He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive
18
. "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very
19
.
Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I
20
him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but
we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been
21
.
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long
staircase. I saw something black
22
there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the
fountain, so I could not
23
what it was or if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too
24
because that may not be it," I said.
But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was
25
there.
There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right
out where all could
26
it.
I literally
27
when we reached it and it was his!Everyone in our party was blown away
by this "miracle(奇迹)". In my wildest
28
. I would never have imagined that this could
happen nowadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect
29
for a child in losing something
important…to lose it and feel the full
30
of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.
(
(
)11. A. drove
B. hiked
C. met
D. united
)12. A. landed
B. left
C. settled
D. slept
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)13. A. responded
B. recognized
C. realised
D. recalled
)14. A. contained
B. combined
C. comprised
D. covered
)15. A. preparation
B. checkup
C. revision
D. search
)16. A. wasted
B. lost
C. sough
D. deserted
)17. A. emotion
B. time
C. money
D. stuff
)18. A. tears
B. fists
C. reliefs
D. outbreaks
)19. A. hesitant
B. curious
C. sad
D. eager
)20. A. promised
B. informed
C. warned
D. taught
)21. A. worn out
B. caught up
C. put ava
D. turned in
)22. A. hiding
B. sitting
C. swinging
D. flowing
)23. A. assess
B. declare
C. tell
D. predict
)24. A. excited
B. puzzled
C. relaxed
D. amused
)25. A. already
B. even
C. almost
D. still
)26. A. take
B. see
C. touch
D. protect
)27. A. panicked
B. exploded
C. collapsed
D. cried
)28. A. dreams
B. claims
C. efforts
D. passions
)29. A. mode
B. lesson
C. option
D. plot
)30. A. range
B. pressure
C. weight
D. harvest
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,共 30 分)
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning
industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the
common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from A I specialists,
art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow(赋予)Lancom with an
enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning. Our courses, totalling
20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right
away.
At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with
advanced technology.
Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers.
Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app
and continue leaning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever
and whenever. We work directly for our leaners, not for any third party. And it's all supported
by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat.
Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language.
Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product
to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know.
Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is
what sticks best. You will, find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom.
Choose Your Subscription and Get Started
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Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren't satisfied, just write to
Customer Service within 21 days.
Contact & Support: customerservice@lancom.com
31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? (
)
A. Culture researchers.
B. AI specialists.
C. Language experts.
D. Art designers.
32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app? (
)
A. A flexible system.
B. An effective method.
C. The brain-training technique.
D. The informative content.
33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its ___________.(
)
A. personalised courses
B. multiple languages
C. pricing policy
D. service team
B
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against
air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the
ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which
has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung
problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in
the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair(婴儿
车), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by
the Environment A gency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-vea-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt.
The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the
ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since
reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at
higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘).
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps
his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids
from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He
became very interested in gadgets(小装置). A bout one year ago, he got this new piece of tech
which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said,
why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution?'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time
she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her."
34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.(
)
A. take pollutant readings
B. record pollutant levels
C. process collected data
D. reduce air pollution
35. What can we learn from the Baggy data? (
)
A. High places are free of air pollution.
B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.
D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
36. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research? (
)
A. To wan of a health risk.
B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor.
D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?(
)
A. Modest.
B. Generous.
C. Creative.
D. Outgoing.
C
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating
long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century
French manuscript(手稿)consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from
tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious(神秘)as his name; he may have been simply taking
notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp
any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork
by reading about it," she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't
just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen(工匠)who
lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and
what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems:
In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill
a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was
made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what
treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with
ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours.
We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally
appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of
art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop
a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science— then called “the new philosophy” — took shape, academics looked to
craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented
by way of artistic tinkering(修补), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry
the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? (
)
A. Confused about the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C. Discouraged by its complex structure.
D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________. (
)
A. restore old workshops
B. understand the craftsmen
C. improve visual effects
D. inspire the philosophers
40. Why does the author mention museums? (
)
A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.
B. To present the findings of old science.
C. To highlight the importance of antiques.
D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.
41. Which would be the best title for this passage? (
)
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
D
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms(算法)carry out
huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets,
and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes
faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks
for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some A I developers are now eager
to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI,
to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence
(A GI). In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak.
A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data,
could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of A GI, has
an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances
ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In
1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an
"ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual(智力的)activities of any
man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine" could
be “the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been
reinforced(强化)by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film
series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be
at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as
aggression(敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who
believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind
but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about
these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having
spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt