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UNDERSTANDING LTE WITH MATLAB®
UNDERSTANDING LTE WITH MATLAB® FROM MATHEMATICAL MODELING TO SIMULATION AND PROTOTYPING Dr Houman Zarrinkoub MathWorks, Massachusetts, USA
© 2014, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zarrinkoub, Houman. Understanding LTE with MATLAB : from mathematical foundation to simulation, performance evaluation and implementation / Houman Zarrinkoub. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-44341-5 (hardback) 1. Long-Term Evolution (Telecommunications)–Computer simulation. 2. MATLAB. I. Title. TK5103.48325.Z37 2014 621.3845′6–dc23 2013034138 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781118443415 Typeset in 10/12pt TimesLTStd by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India 1 2014
Contents Preface List of Abbreviations 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Introduction Quick Overview of Wireless Standards Historical Profile of Data Rates IMT-Advanced Requirements 3GPP and LTE Standardization LTE Requirements Theoretical Strategies LTE-Enabling Technologies 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 LTE Physical Layer (PHY) Modeling LTE (Releases 8 and 9) LTE-Advanced (Release 10) OFDM SC-FDM MIMO Turbo Channel Coding Link Adaptation 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 MATLAB® and Wireless System Design 1.12 Organization of This Book References 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Overview of the LTE Physical Layer Air Interface Frequency Bands Unicast and Multicast Services Allocation of Bandwidth Time Framing Time–Frequency Representation OFDM Multicarrier Transmission 2.7.1 2.7.2 Cyclic Prefix Subcarrier Spacing xiii xvii 1 1 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 11 11 12 13 13 14 14 16 17 17 20 21 22
vi 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 Resource Block Size Frequency-Domain Scheduling Typical Receiver Operations 2.7.3 2.7.4 2.7.5 Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing Resource Grid Content Physical Channels 2.10.1 2.10.2 2.10.3 2.10.4 Physical Signals 2.11.1 2.11.2 Downlink Physical Channels Function of Downlink Channels Uplink Physical Channels Function of Uplink Channels Reference Signals Synchronization Signals 2.12 Downlink Frame Structures 2.13 Uplink Frame Structures 2.14 MIMO 2.14.1 2.14.2 2.14.3 2.14.4 2.14.5 Receive Diversity Transmit Diversity Spatial Multiplexing Beam Forming Cyclic Delay Diversity PHY Processing 2.15 MIMO Modes 2.16 2.17 Downlink Processing 2.18 Uplink Processing SC-FDM MU-MIMO 2.18.1 2.18.2 2.19 Chapter Summary References MATLAB® for Communications System Design System Development Workflow Challenges and Capabilities Focus Approach PHY Models in MATLAB 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 MATLAB 3.7 MATLAB Toolboxes 3.8 3.9 Modeling and Simulation Simulink 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.9.3 3.9.4 DSP System Toolbox Communications System Toolbox Parallel Computing Toolbox Fixed-Point Designer Contents 22 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 30 30 31 31 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 41 43 44 44 45 46 47 47 48 49 49 49 49 50 51 52 52 52 52 53
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