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Virtuoso SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide.pdf

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    Contents
    Preface
    Related Documents
    SpectreRF Analyses
    Periodic Analyses
    Quasi-Periodic Analyses
    Envelope Following Analysis
    Large vs. Small Signal Analysis
    Descriptions of SpectreRF Analyses
    Periodic Steady-State Analysis
    The PSS Algorithm
    Parameters for PSS Analysis
    The Initial Transient Analysis and Timing Relationships for PSS
    PSS Analysis with Autonomous and Driven Circuits
    Simulation Accuracy Parameters
    Plotting the Current Spectrum
    The Highorder and Finite Difference Refinement Parameters
    The errpreset Parameter in PSS Analysis
    Periodic AC Analysis
    Frequency Sweep
    Parameters for PAC Analysis
    Periodic S-Parameter Analysis
    Parameters for PSP Analysis
    Periodic Transfer Function Analysis
    Parameters for PXF Analysis
    Output Parameters
    Probe Parameters
    Output Parameters
    Modulation Parameters
    Swept PXF Analysis
    Periodic Noise Analysis
    Parameters for Pnoise Analysis
    Quasi-Periodic Steady-State Analysis
    Comparing Use of a QPSS Analysis with Use of PSS and PAC Analyses
    Parameters
    The errpreset Parameter in QPSS Analysis
    The Compression Parameter in QPSS Analysis
    QPSS Outputs: qpss-fi and qpss-fd
    Quasi-Periodic Noise Analysis
    QPnoise Output
    QPnoise Parameters
    Quasi-Periodic AC Analysis
    QPAC Output Frequency and Sideband Vectors
    QPAC Parameters
    Quasi-Periodic S-Parameter Analysis
    QPSP Output Frequencies and Sideband Vectors
    Input and Output Frequencies in QPSP
    Noise Analysis with QPSP
    Swept QPSP Analysis
    QPSP Parameters
    Quasi-Periodic Transfer Function Analysis
    QPXF Output Frequencies and Sideband Vectors
    Transfer Function Inputs
    Swept QPXF Analysis
    QPXF Parameters
    Envelope Following Analysis
    The errpreset Parameter in Envlp Analysis
    The compression Parameter in Envlp Analysis
    SpectreRF Simulation Form Reference
    The Choosing Analyses Form
    Opening the Choosing Analysis Form
    The Spectre RF Analyses
    Field Descriptions for the Choosing Analysis Form
    Accuracy Defaults (errpreset) (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp)
    Additional Time for Stabilization (tstab) (PSS and QPSS)
    Analysis
    Beat Frequency, Beat Period, and Auto Calculate (PSS)
    Clock Name and Select Clock Name Button (Envlp)
    Do Noise (PSP and QPSP)
    Enabled
    Frequency Sweep Range (Hz), Sweep Type, and Add Specific Points (All Small-Signal Analyses)
    Fundamental Tones (PSS and QPSS)
    Input Source and Reference Side-Band (Pnoise)
    Input Source and Reference Side-Band (QPnoise)
    Modulated Analysis (PXF)
    Noise Type (Pnoise)
    Options
    Oscillator (PSS)
    Output (PXF and QPXF)
    Output (Pnoise and QPnoise)
    Output Harmonics (PSS and Envlp)
    PSS Beat Frequency (PAC, Pnoise, and PXF)
    Save Initial Transient Results (PSS and QPSS)
    Select Ports (PSP and QPSP)
    Sidebands (PAC, Pnoise, and PXF)
    Sidebands (QPAC, QPnoise, and QPXF)
    Specialized Analyses (PAC)
    Start ACPR Wizard (Envlp)
    Stop Time (Envlp)
    Sweep (PSS and QPSS)
    Sweep Range, Sweep Type, and Add Specific Points (PSS and QPSS)
    Sweeptype (Pnoise)
    Sweeptype (PAC and PXF)
    Sweeptype (PSP and QPSP)
    View Harmonics (QPSS)
    Options Forms
    Opening the Options Forms
    Field Descriptions for the Options Forms
    Accuracy Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp)
    Additional Parameters (PSS, QPSS and Envlp)
    Annotation Parameters (All)
    Convergence Parameters (All)
    Initial Condition Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp)
    Integration Method Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp)
    Multitone Stabilization Parameter (QPSS)
    Newton Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp)
    Output Parameters (All)
    Simulation Interval Parameters (Envlp, PSS and QPSS)
    Simulation Bandwidth Parameters (Envlp)
    State File Parameters (Envlp, PSS and QPSS)
    Time Step Parameters
    Direct Plot Forms
    Opening a Direct Plot Form
    Generating a Spectral Plot
    Generating a Time Waveform
    Saving a Displayed Output and Displaying Saved Outputs.
    Field Descriptions for the Plot Forms
    1st Order Harmonic
    2nd-7th Order Harmonic
    Add To Outputs
    Analysis
    Circuit Input Power (QPSS, PAC)
    Close Contours (PSS and Envlp)
    Frequency Multiplier
    Extrapolation Point (PSS and QPSS)
    First-Order Harmonic (PSS)
    First Order Harmonic
    First Order Sideband (PAC)
    Function
    Gain Compression (PSS and QPSS)
    Harmonic Frequency (PSS)
    Harmonic Number (Envlp)
    Integration Limits
    Input Harmonic (PSS)
    Input Harmonic (QPSS)
    Input Power Value (dBm) (PSS, QPSS, and PAC)
    Input or Output Referred 1dB Compression (PSS and QPSS)
    Input or Output Referred IPN and Order (PSS, QPSS, and PAC)
    Maximum Reflection Magnitude (Envlp)
    Message Area
    Min Reflection Mag
    Modifier
    Modulated Input/Output (PAC and PXF)
    Noise Type
    Number of Contours
    Number of Cycles (Pnoise Jitter)
    Nth Order Harmonic (QPSS)
    Nth Order Sideband (PAC)
    Order
    Output Harmonic (PSS)
    Output Harmonic (For QPSS)
    Output Sideband (PAC, PXF, QPAC)
    Plot and Replot
    Plotting Mode
    Plot Type
    Plot Buttons (PSP and QPSP)
    Power Spectral Density Parameters (Envlp)
    Reference Resistance (Envlp)
    Resistance
    Select
    Signal Level (PSS, QPSS, Pnoise)
    Sweep (PSS, PXF, and Envlp)
    Variable Value (PSS, QPSS, and PAC)
    The ACPR Wizard
    Clock Name
    How to Measure
    Channel Definitions
    Simulation Control
    Apply and OK
    The RF Simulation Forms
    Choosing Analysis Form
    Option Forms
    Direct Plot Forms
    ACPR Wizard
    Setting Up for the Examples
    Setting Up Environment Variables and the Path Statement
    Using SpectreRF from the MMSIM Hierarchy
    Accessing the Most Current SpectreRF Documentation
    Creating a Local Editable Copy of the rfExamples Library
    Setting Up the Cadence Libraries
    Using the Library Path Editor
    Using a UNIX Shell Window
    Conversion from CDBA to OA
    Setting Up For Simulation
    Opening a Circuit in the Schematic Window.
    Choosing Simulator Options
    Specifying Outputs to Save
    Setting Up Model Libraries
    Editing Design Variable Values
    Simulating Mixers
    The ne600p Mixer Circuit
    Simulating the ne600p Mixer
    Opening the ne600p Mixer Circuit in the Schematic Window.
    Choosing Simulator Options
    Setting Up Model Libraries
    Setting Design Variables
    Harmonic Distortion Measurement with PSS
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the PSS Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting and Calculating Harmonic Distortion
    Noise Figure Measurement with PSS and Pnoise
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the PSS and Pnoise Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Noise Figure
    Noise Figure Measurement and Periodic S-Parameter Plots with PSS and PSP
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the PSS and PSP Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Noise Figure
    Plotting Periodic S-Parameters
    Conversion Gain Measurement with PSS and PXF
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the PSS and PXF Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Conversion Gain
    Plotting the Power Supply Rejection
    Calculating the 1 dB Compression Point with Swept PSS
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the Swept PSS Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the 1 dB Compression Point
    Third-Order Intercept Measurement with Swept PSS and PAC
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the PSS and PAC Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the IP3 Curve
    Intermodulation Distortion Measurement with QPSS
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the QPSS Analysis
    Selecting Simulation Outputs
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Voltage and Power
    Noise Figure with QPSS and QPnoise
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the QPSS and QPnoise Analyses
    Selecting Simulation Outputs
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Noise Figure
    Plotting the Output Noise
    Simulating Oscillators
    Autonomous PSS Analysis
    Phases of Autonomous PSS Analysis
    Phase Noise and Oscillators
    Starting and Stabilizing the Oscillator
    The tline3oscRF Oscillator Circuit
    Simulating tline3oscRF Oscillator Circuit with MIC
    Opening the tline3oscRF Circuit in the Schematic Window
    Choosing Simulator Options
    Setting Up Model Libraries
    Periodic Steady State and Phase Noise with PSS and Pnoise
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Setting Up the MIC-PSS Analysis
    Setting Up the Pnoise Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Fundamental Frequency
    Plotting the Periodic Steady State Solution
    Plotting the Phase Noise
    Checking the Simulation Log File for MIC-PSS Information
    The oscDiff Circuit: A Balanced, Tunable Differential Oscillator
    Simulating the oscDiff Circuit
    Opening the oscDiff Circuit in the Simulation Window
    Choosing Simulator Options
    Setting Up Model Libraries
    Fundamental Frequency, Output Noise, and Phase Noise with PSS and Pnoise
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing Design Variables
    Setting Up the PSS Analysis
    Setting Up the Pnoise Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Fundamental Frequency
    Plotting the Output Noise and Phase Noise
    The Van der Pol Circuit: Measuring AM and PM Noise Separation
    Simulating the vdp_osc Circuit
    Opening the vdp_osc Circuit
    Editing Properties for the Inductor
    Opening the Simulation Window
    Measuring AM and PM Conversion with PSS and Pnoise
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Setting Up the PSS Analysis
    Setting Up the Pnoise Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting Modulated Pnoise with the dBV Modifier
    Plotting Modulated Pnoise with the dBc Modifier
    Measuring Jitter with PSS and Pnoise Jitter Analyses
    Opening the oscDiff Circuit
    Opening the Simulation Window
    Editing Design Variables
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Specifying Outputs to Save
    Setting Up the PSS Analysis
    Setting Up the Pnoise Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Measuring Jitter
    Troubleshooting for Oscillator Circuits
    Simulating Low-Noise Amplifiers
    Analyses and Measurement Examples in this Chapter
    Simulating the lnaSimple Example
    Opening the lnaSimple Circuit in the Schematic Window
    Choosing Simulator Options
    Setting Up Model Libraries
    Calculating Voltage Gain with PSS
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting Up the PSS Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting Voltage Gain
    Calculating Output Voltage Distribution with PSS
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the PSS Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Output Voltage Distribution
    S-Parameter Analysis for Low Noise Amplifiers
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the S-Parameter Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting S-Parameters
    Plotting the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
    Linear Two-Port Noise Analysis with S-Parameters
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the S-Parameter Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Noise Figure and Minimum Noise Figure
    Plotting the Equivalent Noise Resistance
    Plotting Load and Source Stability Circles
    Plotting the Noise Circles
    Noise Calculations with PSS and Pnoise
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the PSS and Pnoise Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Noise Calculations
    Plotting the 1dB Compression Point
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the PSS Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the 1dB Compression Point
    Calculating the Third-Order Intercept Point with Swept PSS
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the Swept PSS Analysis
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting the Third-Order Intercept Point
    Calculating Conversion Gain and Power Supply Rejection with PSS and PXF
    Setting Up the Simulation
    Editing the Schematic
    Setting up the PSS and PXF Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Plotting Conversion Gain and Power Supply Rejection
    Modeling Transmission Lines
    The Transmission Line Models: tline3, mline, and mtline
    The tline3 Model
    The mline Model
    The mtline Model
    LMG Use Models
    Modeling Transmission Lines Using the LMG GUI
    Modeling Transmission Lines Without Using the Visual Interface
    Default Values and the initlmg File
    Tline3 Transmission Line Modeling Examples
    Creating a tline3 Macromodel in the LMG GUI
    Using an Existing tline3 Macromodel in the Schematic Flow
    Resolving A Possible Error Message for a tline3 Model File
    Creating a tline3 Macromodel in the Schematic Flow
    Mline Transmission Line Modeling Examples
    Creating an mline Transmission Line Model Starting LMG From UNIX
    Using an mline Macromodel in the Schematic Flow
    Resolving a Possible Error Message for an mline Model File
    Creating an mline Transmission Line in the Schematic Flow
    Using LMG and mtline Together in the Analog Design Environment
    Coplanar Waveguide Modeling and Analysis
    Using LMG to Obtain Subcircuit Macromodel and LRCG Files
    General Theory of Coplanar Waveguide Analysis
    Simulating Coplanar Waveguides with the Generated LRCG File
    Verifying Input Signal Corruption by Microstrip Line Reflection
    Simulating Coplanar Waveguides with the Generated Subcircuit Macromodel File
    Internal Techniques in LMG and Model Accuracy
    The LMG GUI Reference
    Menus
    Display Section
    Data Entry Section
    Function Buttons
    Modeling RF IC Packages
    The Four PKG Building Blocks
    Package Physical Geometry Modeling
    EM Solvers and Mesh Making
    Macromodel Generation
    PKG Setup Requirements
    License Checking
    Executables
    PKG GUI Files
    Initialization Files
    Running pkg
    The PKG RF IC Package Modeler Window
    Menu Buttons
    Function Buttons
    Package Dimension Setup
    QFP Packages
    Data Entries for QFP Packages
    SOIC Packages
    Data Entries for SOIC Packages
    DIP Packages
    Data Entries for DIP Packages
    Die Attach Setup
    Data Entries for SOIC Packages
    Internal Lead Frame Setup
    Menu Buttons
    Function Buttons
    Data Entries for the Internal Lead Frame Setup
    More about Using Symmetry
    Lead Frame File Format
    Bond Wire Setup
    Menu Buttons
    Function Buttons
    Data Entries for the Bond Wire Setup
    Bond Wire Configurations
    Bond Wire File Format
    Save the Current Setting
    Parameter Extraction
    Capacitance Calculation
    Inductance Calculation
    Function Buttons for Parameter Extraction
    Macromodel Generation
    Data Entries and Buttons for Macromodel Generation
    Die Attach Terminal
    Macromodel Schematic
    High Frequency Resonance Damping for the Spectre Simulator
    Accuracy Analysis
    Simulation of Package Models in the Analog Circuit Design Environment
    Example of Package Modeling With a Mixer Using PKG
    Creating and Using Receiver K-Models
    Procedures for Simulating k_mod_extraction_example
    Analysis Setup
    Setting Up the Analyses
    Running the Simulation
    Checking the Simulation Results
    Creating the K-Model
    More About the K-Model
    K-model data files
    Creating and Using Transmitter J-Models
    Procedures for Simulating j_mod_extraction_example
    Analysis Setup
    Running the Simulation
    Creating the J-Model
    Using the J-model in a Circuit
    More About the J-model
    Modeling Transmitters
    Envelope Following Analysis
    Opening the EF_example Circuit in the Schematic Window
    Opening the Simulation Window
    Setting Up the Model Libraries
    PORT0 and PORT1 in the Schematic Window
    Setting Up an Envelope Following Analysis
    Looking at the Envelope Following Results
    Following the Baseband Signal Changes Through an Ideal Circuit
    Following the Baseband Signal Changes Through a Non-Ideal Circuit
    Plotting the Complete Baseband Signal
    Plotting the Baseband Trajectory
    Measuring ACPR and PSD
    The ACPR Wizard
    Measuring ACPR
    Setting Up the ACPR Wizard and the envlp Analysis
    Estimating PSD From the Direct Plot Form
    Reference Information for ACPR and PSD Calculations
    Measuring Load-Pull Contours and Load Reflection Coefficients
    Creating and Setting Up the Modified Circuit
    Setting Up and Running the PSS and Parametric Analyses
    Displaying Load Contours
    Adding the Reflection Contours to the Plot
    Moving to Differential Mode
    Using S-Parameter Input Files
    Setting Up the EF_example Schematic for the First Simulation
    Adding Components to the Schematic
    Setting Up the s.param.first Schematic
    Running the SP Simulation
    The SParameter File
    Setting Up and Running the Second sp Simulation
    Using an S-Parameter Input File with a SpectreRF Envlp Analysis
    Measuring AM and PM Conversion with Modulated PAC and PXF Analyses
    The Modulated Analysis Settings
    Creating the EF_AMP Circuit
    Setting Up the EF_AMP Circuit
    Opening the Simulation Window for the EF_AMP Circuit
    Edit the Variable Values
    Setting up the Model Libraries for the EF_AMP Circuit
    Selecting Outputs To Save
    Setting Up and Running the PSS, PAC Modulated and PXF Modulated Analyses
    Running the Simulations
    Plotting and Calculating PAC Modulated Results
    Plotting and Calculating PXF Modulated Results
    Measuring Jitter with PSS and Pnoise Analyses
    Setting Up the EF_AMP Circuit
    Open the EF_AMP Schematic
    Open the Simulation Window for the EF_AMP Circuit
    Setting Up and Running the PSS and Pnoise Analyses
    Running the Simulations
    Plotting the Jitter Measurement
    Modeling Spiral Inductors, Bonding Pads, and Transformers
    Modeling Spiral Inductors
    Process File Preparation
    Spiral Inductor Simulation in the Schematic Flow
    Spiral Inductor Modeling under the RF Sub-Menu
    Equivalent Circuit Models
    Rectangular Spiral Inductor Example
    Modeling Bonding Pads
    Process Files
    Parameter Sets
    Modeling Issues
    LNA Example with Bonding Pads
    References for the Bondpad Section
    Modeling Planar Transformers
    Process File
    Symbols and CDF Parameters for Planar Transformers
    Planar Transformer Modeling Under the RF Sub-Menu
    Equivalent Circuit Models
    Methods for Top-Down RF System Design
    Methods for Top Down RF System Design
    Top-Down Design of RF Systems
    Use Model for Top Down Design
    Baseband Modeling
    Example Comparing Baseband and Passband Models
    Library Overview
    Warnings You Can Ignore
    Use Model and Design Example
    Opening a New Schematic Window
    Opening the Analog Environment
    Constructing the Baseband Model for the Receiver
    Setting Variable Values for the Receiver Schematic
    Setting Up and Running a Transient Analysis
    Examining the Results: Eye Diagram, Histogram, and Scatter Plot
    The Various Instrumentation Blocks
    Measuring RMS EVM
    Computing Minimized RMS Noise Using the Optimizer
    Summarizing the Design Procedure
    Creating a Passband View of the Architectural Model
    Comparing Baseband and Passband Models
    Relationship Between Baseband and Passband Noise
    Intro to Analysis
    Prep Steps for Analyses
    Oscillator Noise Analysis
    Phase Noise Primer
    Models for Phase Noise
    Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Models
    Linear Time-Varying (LTV) Models
    Amplitude Noise and Phase Noise in the Linear Model
    Details of the SpectreRF Calculation
    Calculating Phase Noise
    Setting Simulator Options
    Tips for Getting a PSS Analysis to Converge
    How to Tell if the Answer Is Correct
    Troubleshooting Phase Noise Calculations
    Known Limitations of the Simulator
    What Can Go Wrong
    Phase Noise Error Messages
    The tstab Parameter
    Frequently Asked Questions
    Further Reading
    References
    Using PSS Analysis Effectively
    General Convergence Aids
    Adjusting the steadyratio and tstab Parameters
    Additional Convergence Aids
    Convergence Aids for Oscillators
    Running PSS Analysis Hierarchically
    Using the psin Component
    Independent Resistive Source (psin)
    Capabilities of the psin Component
    Terminating the psin
    Parameter Types for the psin Component
    Name Parameters
    psin Instance Parameter
    General Waveform Parameters
    Sinusoidal Waveform Parameters
    Amplitude Modulation Parameters
    FM Modulation Parameters
    Noise Parameters
    Port Parameters
    Temperature Effect Parameters
    Small-Signal Parameters
    Additional Notes
    The RF Library
    The Contents of the rfLib
    Elements for Transistor-Level RF Circuit Design: Original_RFAHDL_lib Category
    Elements for Top-Down System-Level RF Design: the top_dwnBB and top_dwnPB Categories
    Elements for Both Transistor-Level and System-Level RF Design: the measurement and testbenches Ca...
    Elements for Bottom Up Transmitter Design: the bot_upBB Category
    Models for Transistor-Level RF Circuit Design
    Original_RFAHDL_lib Elements
    Balun
    Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters
    Low-Noise Amplifier (lna)
    Mixer
    Oscillator (osc)
    Power Amplifier (pa)
    Quadrature Signal Generator (quadrature)
    Phase Shifter (shifter)
    Measurement Elements
    CDMA Signal Source (CDMA_reverse_xmit)
    GSM Signal Source (GSM_xmtr)
    Pi/4-DQPSK Signal Source (pi_over4_dqpsk)
    Eye-Diagram Generator (eye_diagram_generator)
    Modifying the Baseband Signal Generators Using the Modelwriter
    Testbenches Elements
    Uncategorized Elements
    Bottom-Up Design Elements
    Models for Top-Down RF System Design
    Baseband and Passband Models
    Assumptions About Behavioral Models
    Inputs and Outputs for Baseband Models
    Some Common Model Parameters
    Library Description
    Notes on models involving frequency translation
    Top Down Baseband and Passband Models: top_dwnBB and top_dwn PB
    Power Amplifier Models (PA_BB and PA_PB)
    Low Noise Amplifier Baseband Models (LNA_BB and LNA_PB)
    IQ Modulator Models (IQ_mod_BB and IQ_mod_PB)
    IQ Demodulator (IQ_demod_BB and IQ_demodulator)
    RF-to-IFand IF-to-RF Mixers (up_cnvrt, dwn_cnvrt and MIXER_PB)
    Passive Devices (res_BB, cap_BB and ind_BB)
    Linear Time Invariant Filters
    BB_Loss
    Phase Shifter Splitter
    Phase Shifter Combiner
    Comparison of Baseband and Passband Models
    Measurement Blocks
    Ideal Transformer
    Rectangular-to-Polar Transformation
    Polar-to-Rectangular Transformation
    Instrumentation and Terminating Blocks
    Baseband Drive Signals
    BB_driver
    References
    Plotting Spectre S-Parameter Simulation Data
    Network Parameters
    Equations for Network Parameters
    Two-Port Scalar Quantities
    Equations for Two-Port Scalar Quantities
    Two-Port Gain Quantities
    Equations for Two-Port Gain Calculations
    Two-Port Network Circles
    Equations for Two-Port Network Circle
    Equation for VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
    Equation for ZM (Input Impedance)
    Equation for GD (group delay)
    Using QPSS Analysis Effectively
    When Should You Use QPSS Analysis
    Essentials of the MFT Method
    QPSS and PSS Analyses Compared
    QPSS and PSS/PAC Analyses Compared
    QPSS Analysis Parameters
    Application Examples
    Switched Capacitor Filter Example
    High-Performance Receiver Example
    Running a QPSS Analysis
    Picking the Large Fundamental
    Setting Up Sources
    Sweeping a QPSS Analysis
    Convergence Aids
    Memory Management
    Dealing with Sub-harmonics
    Understanding the Narration from the QPSS Analysis
    References
    Introduction to the PLL library
    Models in the PLL library
    Introduction
    Phase-Domain Model of a Simple PLL
    Example 1: Dynamic Test for Capture Range and Lock Range
    Example 2: Loop Gain Measurement
    Example 3: PM Input
    Modeling a PFD-Based PLL
    VCO
    Frequency Divider
    Charge Pump
    Loop Filter
    State-Space Averaged PFD (Phase-Domain Phase-Frequency Detector Model)
    Lock Indicator
    Example 5: Comparison With a Voltage-Domain Model
    How the PFD Model Works
    How the PDF/CP Pump Works
    References
    Using the Port Component
    The Independent Resistive Source or Port Component
    Capabilities of the Port Component
    Terminating the Port Component
    Port Component Parameters
    General Port Parameters
    General Waveform Parameters
    DC Waveform Parameters
    Pulse Waveform Parameters
    PWL Waveform Parameters
    Sinusoidal Waveform Parameters
    Modulation Parameters
    Display Second Sinusoid Parameters
    Exponential Waveform Parameters
    Noise Parameters
    Small-Signal Parameters
    Temperature Parameters
    How the Temperature Parameters Affect the Voltage Level
    Active Parameters in Specific Analyses
    Analyzing Time-Varying Noise
    Characterizing Time-Domain Noise
    Calculating Time Domain Noise
    Calculating Noise Correlation Coefficients
    Cyclostationary Noise Example
    Reference Information on Time-Varying Noise
    Thermal Noise
    Linear Systems and Noise
    Time-Varying Systems and the Autocorrelation Function
    Time-Varying Systems and Frequency Correlations
    Time-Varying Noise Power and Sampled Systems
    Summary
    Using Tabulated S-parameters
    Using the nport Components
    Controlling Model Accuracy
    Using relerr and abserr
    Using the ratorder Parameter
    Troubleshooting
    Assessing the Quality of the Rational Interpolation
    Model Reuse
    The S-Parameter File Format Translator (SPTR)
    References
    Measuring AM, PM and FM Conversion
    Derivation
    Positive Frequencies
    FM Modulation
    Simulation
    Results
    Conclusion
    References
    Using PSP and Pnoise Analyses
    Overview
    Periodic S-parameters
    Linear Time-Invariant S-Parameters
    Frequency Translating S-Parameters
    Upper and Lower Sidebands
    PSP Analysis Example
    Noise and Noise Parameters
    Calculating Noise in Linear Time-Invariant (DC Bias) Circuits
    Calculating Noise in Time-Varying (Periodic Bias) Circuits
    The maxsideband Parameter
    Noise Correlation Matrices and Equivalent Noise Sources
    Noise Figure
    Performing Noise Figure Computations
    Noise Figure From Noise and SP Analyses
    Pnoise (SSB) Noise Figure
    DSB Noise Figure
    IEEE Noise Figure
    Noise Computation Example
    Input Referred Noise
    Using Input Referred Noise
    How IRN is Calculated
    Relation to Gain
    Referring Noise to Ports
    Gain Calculations
    Definitions of Gain
    Gain Calculations in Pnoise
    Phase Noise
    Frequently Asked Questions
    Known Problems and Limitations
    Dubious AC-Noise Analysis Features
    Gain in Pnoise and PSP Analyses Inconsistent
    Harmonics and Sidebands in PSP, PAC, PXF, and Pnoise Analyses
    Index
    Virtuoso© SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide Product Version 5.1.41 July 2005 November 2005
     1994-2005 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cadence Design Systems, Inc., 555 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134, USA Trademarks: Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Cadence) contained in this document are attributed to Cadence with the appropriate symbol. For queries regarding Cadence’s trademarks, contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above or call 800.862.4522. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Restricted Print Permission: This publication is protected by copyright and any unauthorized use of this publication may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. Except as specified in this permission statement, this publication may not be copied, reproduced, modified, published, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way, without prior written permission from Cadence. This statement grants you permission to print one (1) hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions: 1. The publication may be used solely for personal, informational, and noncommercial purposes; 2. The publication may not be modified in any way; 3. Any copy of the publication or portion thereof must include all original copyright, trademark, and other proprietary notices and this permission statement; and 4. Cadence reserves the right to revoke this authorization at any time, and any such use shall be discontinued immediately upon written notice from Cadence. Disclaimer: Information in this publication is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Cadence. The information contained herein is the proprietary and confidential information of Cadence or its licensors, and is supplied subject to, and may be used only by Cadence’s customer in accordance with, a written agreement between Cadence and its customer. Except as may be explicitly set forth in such agreement, Cadence does not make, and expressly disclaims, any representations or warranties as to the completeness, accuracy or usefulness of the information contained in this document. Cadence does not warrant that use of such information will not infringe any third party rights, nor does Cadence assume any liability for damages or costs of any kind that may result from use of such information. Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR52.227-14 and DFAR252.227-7013 et seq. or its successor.
    SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 SpectreRF Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Periodic Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Quasi-Periodic Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Envelope Following Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Large vs. Small Signal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Descriptions of SpectreRF Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Periodic Steady-State Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The PSS Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Parameters for PSS Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Initial Transient Analysis and Timing Relationships for PSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 PSS Analysis with Autonomous and Driven Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Simulation Accuracy Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Plotting the Current Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 The Highorder and Finite Difference Refinement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 The errpreset Parameter in PSS Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Periodic AC Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Frequency Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Parameters for PAC Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Periodic Transfer Function Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Parameters for PXF Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Output Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Probe Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Output Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Modulation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Swept PXF Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Periodic S-Parameter Analysis Parameters for PSP Analysis November 2005 3 Product Version 5.1.41
    SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide Periodic Noise Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Parameters for Pnoise Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Quasi-Periodic Steady-State Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Comparing Use of a QPSS Analysis with Use of PSS and PAC Analyses . . . . . . . . . 79 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 The errpreset Parameter in QPSS Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 The Compression Parameter in QPSS Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 QPSS Outputs: qpss-fi and qpss-fd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Quasi-Periodic Noise Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 QPnoise Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 QPnoise Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Quasi-Periodic AC Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 QPAC Output Frequency and Sideband Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 QPAC Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Quasi-Periodic S-Parameter Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 QPSP Output Frequencies and Sideband Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Input and Output Frequencies in QPSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Noise Analysis with QPSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Swept QPSP Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 QPSP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 QPXF Output Frequencies and Sideband Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Transfer Function Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Swept QPXF Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 QPXF Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Envelope Following Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 The errpreset Parameter in Envlp Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 The compression Parameter in Envlp Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Quasi-Periodic Transfer Function Analysis 2 SpectreRF Simulation Form Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 The Choosing Analyses Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Opening the Choosing Analysis Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 The Spectre RF Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Field Descriptions for the Choosing Analysis Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 November 2005 4 Product Version 5.1.41
    SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Accuracy Defaults (errpreset) (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Additional Time for Stabilization (tstab) (PSS and QPSS) Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Beat Frequency, Beat Period, and Auto Calculate (PSS) Clock Name and Select Clock Name Button (Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Do Noise (PSP and QPSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Frequency Sweep Range (Hz), Sweep Type, and Add Specific Points (All Small-Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Analyses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Fundamental Tones (PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Input Source and Reference Side-Band (Pnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Input Source and Reference Side-Band (QPnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Modulated Analysis (PXF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Noise Type (Pnoise) Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Oscillator (PSS) Output (PXF and QPXF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Output (Pnoise and QPnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Output Harmonics (PSS and Envlp) PSS Beat Frequency (PAC, Pnoise, and PXF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Save Initial Transient Results (PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Select Ports (PSP and QPSP) Sidebands (PAC, Pnoise, and PXF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Sidebands (QPAC, QPnoise, and QPXF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Specialized Analyses (PAC) Start ACPR Wizard (Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Stop Time (Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Sweep (PSS and QPSS) Sweep Range, Sweep Type, and Add Specific Points (PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . 178 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Sweeptype (Pnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Sweeptype (PAC and PXF) Sweeptype (PSP and QPSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 View Harmonics (QPSS) Options Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Opening the Options Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Field Descriptions for the Options Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 November 2005 5 Product Version 5.1.41
    SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Accuracy Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Additional Parameters (PSS, QPSS and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Annotation Parameters (All) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Convergence Parameters (All) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Initial Condition Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Integration Method Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Multitone Stabilization Parameter (QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Newton Parameters (PSS, QPSS, and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Output Parameters (All) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Simulation Interval Parameters (Envlp, PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Simulation Bandwidth Parameters (Envlp) State File Parameters (Envlp, PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Time Step Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Direct Plot Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Opening a Direct Plot Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Generating a Spectral Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Generating a Time Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Saving a Displayed Output and Displaying Saved Outputs. Field Descriptions for the Plot Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 1st Order Harmonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 2nd-7th Order Harmonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Add To Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Circuit Input Power (QPSS, PAC) Close Contours (PSS and Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Frequency Multiplier Extrapolation Point (PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 First-Order Harmonic (PSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 First Order Harmonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 First Order Sideband (PAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Gain Compression (PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Harmonic Frequency (PSS) Harmonic Number (Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Integration Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Input Harmonic (PSS) November 2005 6 Product Version 5.1.41
    SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Input Harmonic (QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Input Power Value (dBm) (PSS, QPSS, and PAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Input or Output Referred 1dB Compression (PSS and QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Input or Output Referred IPN and Order (PSS, QPSS, and PAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Maximum Reflection Magnitude (Envlp) Message Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Min Reflection Mag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Modifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Modulated Input/Output (PAC and PXF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Noise Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Number of Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Number of Cycles (Pnoise Jitter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Nth Order Harmonic (QPSS) Nth Order Sideband (PAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Output Harmonic (PSS) Output Harmonic (For QPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Output Sideband (PAC, PXF, QPAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Plot and Replot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Plotting Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Plot Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Plot Buttons (PSP and QPSP) Power Spectral Density Parameters (Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Reference Resistance (Envlp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Signal Level (PSS, QPSS, Pnoise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Sweep (PSS, PXF, and Envlp) Variable Value (PSS, QPSS, and PAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 The ACPR Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Clock Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 How to Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Channel Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Simulation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Apply and OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 The RF Simulation Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 November 2005 7 Product Version 5.1.41
    SpectreRF Simulation Option User Guide Choosing Analysis Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Option Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Direct Plot Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 ACPR Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 3 Setting Up for the Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Setting Up Environment Variables and the Path Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Using SpectreRF from the MMSIM Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Accessing the Most Current SpectreRF Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Creating a Local Editable Copy of the rfExamples Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Setting Up the Cadence Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Using the Library Path Editor Using a UNIX Shell Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Conversion from CDBA to OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Setting Up For Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Opening a Circuit in the Schematic Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Choosing Simulator Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Specifying Outputs to Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Setting Up Model Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Editing Design Variable Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 4 Simulating Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 The ne600p Mixer Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Simulating the ne600p Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Opening the ne600p Mixer Circuit in the Schematic Window. Choosing Simulator Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Setting Up Model Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Setting Design Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Harmonic Distortion Measurement with PSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Setting Up the Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Editing the Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Setting Up the PSS Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Running the Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 November 2005 8 Product Version 5.1.41
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