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IEC+62368-1_2014+ed.2.pdf
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
4 General requirements
5 Electrically-caused injury
6 Electrically-caused fire
7 Injury caused by hazardous substances
8 Mechanically-caused injury
9 Thermal burn injury
10 Radiation
Annex A Examples of equipment within the scope of this standard
Annex B Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition tests and single fault condition tests
Annex C UV radiation
Annex D Test generators
Annex E Test conditions for equipment containing audio amplifiers
Annex F Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
Annex G Components
Annex H Criteria for telephone ringing signals
Annex I Overvoltage categories
Annex J Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation
Annex K Safety interlocks
Annex L Disconnect devices
Annex M Equipment containing batteries and their protection circuits
Annex N Electrochemical potentials (V)
Annex O Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
Annex P Safeguards against conductive objects
Aneex Q Circuits intended for interconnection with building wiring
Annex R Limited short-circuit test
Annex S Tests for resistance to heat and fire
Annex T Mechanical strength tests
Annex U Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects of implosion
Annex V Determination of accessible parts
Annex W Comparison of terms introduced in this standard
Bibliography
®
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
IEC 62368-1
Edition 2.0 2014-02
colour
inside
Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment –
Part 1: Safety requirements
Équipements des technologies de l'audio/vidéo, de l'information et de la
communication –
Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité
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Plus de 55 000 entrées terminologiques électrotechniques, en
anglais et en français, extraites des articles Termes et
Définitions des publications IEC parues depuis 2002. Plus
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– 2 –
62368-1 © IEC:2014
CONTENTS
0.5.7
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.5
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 19
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 22
Principles of this product safety standard ...................................................................... 22
0
0.1
Objective ......................................................................................................... 22
Persons ........................................................................................................... 22
0.2
General .......................................................................................... 22
0.2.1
0.2.2
Ordinary person .............................................................................. 22
Instructed person ............................................................................ 22
0.2.3
0.2.4
Skilled person ................................................................................. 22
Model for pain and injury .................................................................................. 22
Energy sources ................................................................................................ 23
Safeguards ...................................................................................................... 24
General .......................................................................................... 24
0.5.1
0.5.2
Equipment safeguard ...................................................................... 25
Installation safeguard ..................................................................... 25
0.5.3
Personal safeguard......................................................................... 25
0.5.4
Behavioural safeguards .................................................................. 26
0.5.5
0.5.6
Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service
conditions ....................................................................................... 27
Equipment safeguards during skilled person service
conditions ....................................................................................... 27
0.5.8
Examples of safeguard characteristics ............................................ 27
Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock) ............................................. 28
0.6.1
Models for electrically-caused pain or injury ................................... 28
0.6.2
Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury ....... 29
Electrically-caused fire ..................................................................................... 30
Models for electrically-caused fire ................................................... 30
0.7.1
0.7.2
Models for protection against electrically-caused fire ...................... 31
Injury caused by hazardous substances ........................................................... 31
Mechanically-caused injury .............................................................................. 32
Thermally-caused injury (skin burn) ................................................................. 32
0.10.1
Models for thermally-caused injury ................................................. 32
0.10.2
Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury ......... 33
0.11
Radiation-caused injury ................................................................................... 34
Scope ............................................................................................................................ 36
1
2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 37
Terms, definitions and abbreviations ............................................................................. 43
3
3.1
Energy source abbreviations ............................................................................ 43
Other abbreviations ......................................................................................... 43
3.2
Terms and definitions ....................................................................................... 44
3.3
Circuit terms ................................................................................... 46
3.3.1
3.3.2
Enclosure terms .............................................................................. 46
Equipment terms ............................................................................ 47
3.3.3
Flammability terms ......................................................................... 47
3.3.4
3.3.5
Insulation ........................................................................................ 49
Miscellaneous ................................................................................. 49
3.3.6
0.8
0.9
0.10
62368-1 © IEC:2014
– 3 –
3.3.7
3.3.8
3.3.9
3.3.10
3.3.11
3.3.12
3.3.13
3.3.14
3.3.15
Operating and fault conditions ........................................................ 51
Persons .......................................................................................... 52
Potential ignition sources ................................................................ 52
Ratings ........................................................................................... 53
Safeguards ..................................................................................... 53
Spacings ........................................................................................ 55
Temperature controls ...................................................................... 55
Voltages and currents ..................................................................... 55
Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric
shock .............................................................................................. 56
Chemical terms ............................................................................... 57
Batteries ......................................................................................... 57
4 General requirements .................................................................................................... 59
General ............................................................................................................ 59
4.1.1
3.3.16
3.3.17
4.1
Application of requirements and acceptance of materials,
components and subassemblies ..................................................... 59
Use of components ......................................................................... 59
4.1.2
Equipment design and construction ................................................ 59
4.1.3
Equipment installation .................................................................... 60
4.1.4
Constructions and components not specifically covered .................. 60
4.1.5
Orientation during transport and use ............................................... 60
4.1.6
Choice of criteria ............................................................................ 60
4.1.7
Conductive liquids .......................................................................... 60
4.1.8
Electrical measuring instruments .................................................... 60
4.1.9
Temperature measurements ........................................................... 60
4.1.10
Steady state conditions ................................................................... 61
4.1.11
Hierarchy of safeguards .................................................................. 61
4.1.12
Examples mentioned in the standard .............................................. 61
4.1.13
Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product ............... 61
4.1.14
4.1.15
Markings and instructions ............................................................... 61
Energy source classifications ........................................................................... 61
Class 1 energy source .................................................................... 61
4.2.1
Class 2 energy source .................................................................... 62
4.2.2
4.2.3
Class 3 energy source .................................................................... 62
4.2.4
Energy source classification by declaration ..................................... 62
Protection against energy sources ................................................................... 62
General .......................................................................................... 62
4.3.1
4.3.2
Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person ............................. 62
Safeguards for protection of an instructed person ........................... 64
4.3.3
Safeguards for protection of a skilled person .................................. 64
4.3.4
4.3.5
Safeguards in a restricted access area ........................................... 65
Safeguards ...................................................................................................... 66
Equivalent materials or components ............................................... 66
4.4.1
Composition of a safeguard ............................................................ 66
4.4.2
4.4.3
Accessible parts of a safeguard ...................................................... 66
4.4.4
Safeguard robustness ..................................................................... 66
Explosion ......................................................................................................... 68
General .......................................................................................... 68
4.5.1
4.5.2
Requirements ................................................................................. 68
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5
– 4 –
62368-1 © IEC:2014
4.8
5.3
5.4
4.6
4.7
Fixing of conductors ......................................................................................... 69
Requirements ................................................................................. 69
4.6.1
4.6.2
Compliance criteria ......................................................................... 69
Equipment for direct insertion into mains socket-outlets ................................... 69
General .......................................................................................... 69
4.7.1
Requirements ................................................................................. 69
4.7.2
4.7.3
Compliance criteria ......................................................................... 70
Products containing lithium coin / button cell batteries ..................................... 70
General .......................................................................................... 70
4.8.1
4.8.2
Instructional safeguard ................................................................... 70
Construction ................................................................................... 70
4.8.3
Tests .............................................................................................. 71
4.8.4
4.8.5
Compliance criteria ......................................................................... 71
4.9
Likelihood of fire or shock due to entry of conductive objects ........................... 72
Electrically-caused injury ............................................................................................... 72
General ............................................................................................................ 72
5.1
5.2
Classification and limits of electrical energy sources ........................................ 73
Electrical energy source classifications ........................................... 73
5.2.1
5.2.2
Electrical energy source ES1 and ES2 limits ................................... 73
Protection against electrical energy sources .................................................... 79
5.3.1
General .......................................................................................... 79
5.3.2
Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards ............... 79
Insulation materials and requirements .............................................................. 81
5.4.1
General .......................................................................................... 81
Clearances ..................................................................................... 87
5.4.2
Creepage distances ........................................................................ 97
5.4.3
Solid insulation ............................................................................. 101
5.4.4
5.4.5
Antenna terminal insulation........................................................... 110
5.4.6
Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary
safeguard ..................................................................................... 111
5.4.7
Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints ...... 111
5.4.8
Humidity conditioning ................................................................... 111
5.4.9
Electric strength test ..................................................................... 112
5.4.10
Safeguards against transient voltages from external circuits ......... 115
5.4.11
Separation between external circuits and earth ............................. 117
Components as safeguards ............................................................................ 118
General ........................................................................................ 118
5.5.1
5.5.2
Capacitors and RC units ............................................................... 118
Transformers ................................................................................ 120
5.5.3
Optocouplers ................................................................................ 120
5.5.4
Relays .......................................................................................... 120
5.5.5
5.5.6
Resistors ...................................................................................... 120
SPDs ............................................................................................ 120
5.5.7
5.5.8
Insulation between the mains and an external circuit
consisting of a coaxial cable ......................................................... 121
Protective conductor ...................................................................................... 121
General ........................................................................................ 121
5.6.1
Requirements for protective conductors ........................................ 121
5.6.2
5.6.3
Requirements for protective earthing conductors .......................... 122
5.5
5.6
62368-1 © IEC:2014
– 5 –
5.7
6
7
5.7.7
5.6.4
Requirements for protective bonding conductors .......................... 123
5.6.5
Terminals for protective conductors .............................................. 125
5.6.6
Resistance of the protective bonding system ................................ 126
5.6.7
Reliable earthing .......................................................................... 128
Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current..... 128
General ........................................................................................ 128
5.7.1
5.7.2
Measuring devices and networks .................................................. 128
Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections ....... 128
5.7.3
Earthed accessible conductive parts ............................................. 129
5.7.4
5.7.5
Protective conductor current ......................................................... 129
5.7.6
Prospective touch voltage and touch current due to external
circuits .......................................................................................... 130
Summation of touch currents from external circuits ....................... 131
Electrically-caused fire ................................................................................................ 133
General .......................................................................................................... 133
6.1
Classification of power sources (PS) and potential ignition sources (PIS) ...... 133
6.2
6.2.1
General ........................................................................................ 133
Power source circuit classifications .............................................. 133
6.2.2
6.2.3
Classification of potential ignition sources .................................... 136
Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal
operating conditions ....................................................................................... 137
Requirements ............................................................................... 137
6.3.1
6.3.2
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 138
Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions...................................... 138
6.4.1
General ........................................................................................ 138
6.4.2
Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault
conditions in PS1 circuits .............................................................. 138
Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault
conditions in PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits ................................... 138
Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits ............................................. 140
6.4.4
Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits ............................................. 140
6.4.5
Control of fire spread in a PS3 circuit ........................................... 141
6.4.6
Separation of combustible materials from a PIS ............................ 142
6.4.7
6.4.8
Fire enclosures and fire barriers ................................................... 144
Internal and external wiring ............................................................................ 149
Requirements ............................................................................... 149
6.5.1
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 149
6.5.2
6.5.3
Requirements for interconnection to building wiring. ..................... 149
6.5.4
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 150
6.6
Safeguards against fire due to the connection of additional equipment........... 150
Injury caused by hazardous substances ...................................................................... 150
7.1
General .......................................................................................................... 150
Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances............................................ 150
7.2
Ozone exposure ............................................................................................. 150
7.3
7.4
Use of personal safeguards (PPE) ................................................................. 150
Use of instructional safeguards and instructions ............................................ 151
7.5
7.6
Batteries and their protection circuits ............................................................. 151
8 Mechanically-caused injury .......................................................................................... 151
General .......................................................................................................... 151
6.4.3
8.1
6.3
6.4
6.5
– 6 –
62368-1 © IEC:2014
8.2
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.5
8.3
8.4
Mechanical energy source classifications ....................................................... 151
General classification ................................................................... 151
8.2.1
MS1 .............................................................................................. 153
8.2.2
8.2.3
MS2 .............................................................................................. 153
8.2.4
MS3 .............................................................................................. 153
Safeguards against mechanical energy sources ............................................. 153
Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners ................................ 153
Requirements ............................................................................... 153
8.4.1
8.4.2
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 154
Safeguards against moving parts ................................................................... 154
Requirements ............................................................................... 154
8.5.1
Instructional safeguard requirements ............................................ 154
8.5.2
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 155
8.5.3
8.5.4
Special categories of equipment comprising moving parts ............ 155
8.5.5
High pressure lamps ..................................................................... 157
Stability of equipment .................................................................................... 158
8.6.1
Requirements ............................................................................... 158
Static stability ............................................................................... 159
8.6.2
Relocation stability test ................................................................. 160
8.6.3
8.6.4
Glass slide test ............................................................................. 160
8.6.5
Horizontal force test and compliance criteria................................. 161
Equipment mounted to a wall or ceiling .......................................................... 161
Requirements ............................................................................... 161
8.7.1
8.7.2
Test methods ................................................................................ 161
8.7.3
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 163
Handle strength ............................................................................................. 163
8.8.1
General ........................................................................................ 163
8.8.2
Test method and compliance criteria ............................................ 163
Wheels or casters attachment requirements ................................................... 163
General ........................................................................................ 163
8.9.1
8.9.2
Test method ................................................................................. 164
Carts, stands, and similar carriers .................................................................. 164
General ........................................................................................ 164
8.10.1
Marking and instructions ............................................................... 164
8.10.2
8.10.3
Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance criteria ............. 165
Cart, stand or carrier impact test................................................... 165
8.10.4
Mechanical stability ...................................................................... 165
8.10.5
8.10.6
Thermoplastic temperature stability .............................................. 166
Mounting means for rack mounted equipment ................................................ 166
General ........................................................................................ 166
8.11.1
8.11.2
Requirements ............................................................................... 166
Mechanical strength test ............................................................... 167
8.11.3
Mechanical strength test, 250 N, including end stops .................... 167
8.11.4
8.11.5
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 167
8.12
Telescoping or rod antennas .......................................................................... 167
Thermal burn injury ..................................................................................................... 168
General .......................................................................................................... 168
9.1
9.2
Thermal energy source classifications ............................................................ 168
General ........................................................................................ 168
9.2.1
8.11
8.10
9
62368-1 © IEC:2014
– 7 –
10.3
10.4
10.5
9.3
9.4
10.1
10.2
TS1 .............................................................................................. 168
9.2.2
TS2 .............................................................................................. 168
9.2.3
TS3 .............................................................................................. 168
9.2.4
Test method and compliance criteria ............................................ 168
9.2.5
9.2.6
Touch temperature levels ............................................................. 169
Safeguards against thermal energy sources ................................................... 170
Requirements for safeguards ......................................................................... 170
Equipment safeguard .................................................................... 170
9.4.1
9.4.2
Instructional safeguard ................................................................. 170
10 Radiation ..................................................................................................................... 170
General .......................................................................................................... 170
Radiation energy source classifications ......................................................... 170
General classification ................................................................... 170
10.2.1
10.2.2
RS1 .............................................................................................. 172
RS2 .............................................................................................. 172
10.2.3
10.2.4
RS3 .............................................................................................. 172
Safeguards against laser radiation ................................................................. 172
Requirements ............................................................................... 172
10.3.1
10.3.2
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 172
Safeguards against visible, infra-red, and ultra-violet radiation ...................... 173
10.4.1
General ........................................................................................ 173
Instructional safeguard ................................................................. 173
10.4.2
10.4.3
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 174
Safeguards against x-radiation ....................................................................... 174
Requirements ............................................................................... 174
10.5.1
Compliance criteria ....................................................................... 174
10.5.2
10.5.3
Test method ................................................................................. 174
Safeguards against acoustic energy sources ................................................. 175
General ........................................................................................ 175
10.6.1
Classification ................................................................................ 176
10.6.2
10.6.3
Measurement methods ................................................................. 176
Protection of persons .................................................................... 177
10.6.4
10.6.5
Requirements for listening devices (headphones, earphones,
etc.) .............................................................................................. 177
Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this standard ................ 179
Annex B (normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition
tests and single fault condition tests .................................................................................. 180
General .......................................................................................................... 180
Introduction .................................................................................. 180
B.1.1
Test applicability ........................................................................... 180
B.1.2
B.1.3
Type of test .................................................................................. 180
Test samples ................................................................................ 180
B.1.4
Compliance by inspection of relevant data .................................... 180
B.1.5
B.1.6
Temperature measurement conditions .......................................... 180
Normal operating conditions ........................................................................... 181
General ........................................................................................ 181
B.2.1
Supply frequency .......................................................................... 181
B.2.2
B.2.3
Supply voltage .............................................................................. 181
Normal operating voltages ............................................................ 182
B.2.4
10.6
B.1
B.2
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