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IEEE802.15.7.pdf
IEEE Std 802.15.7-2011 Front Cover
Title page
Introduction
Notice to users
Laws and regulations
Copyrights
Updating of IEEE documents
Errata
Interpretations
Patents
Participants
Contents
Important Notice
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
2. Normative references
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
4. General description
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Network topologies
4.2.1 Peer-to-peer topology
4.2.2 Star topology
4.2.3 Broadcast topology
4.3 Modulation-domain spectrum
4.4 Architecture
4.4.1 PHY layer
4.4.1.1 PHY frame structure
4.4.1.2 Interoperability and coexistence between PHY types
4.4.2 MAC sublayer
4.4.3 Dimming and flicker-mitigation support
4.4.3.1 Light dimming
4.4.3.2 Flicker mitigation
4.5 Functional overview
4.5.1 Superframe structure
4.5.2 Data transfer model
4.5.2.1 Data transfer to a coordinator
4.5.2.2 Data transfer from a coordinator
4.5.2.3 Peer-to-peer data transfers
4.5.3 Clock-rate selection
4.5.4 Frame structure
4.5.5 Improving probability of successful delivery
4.5.5.1 Random access mechanism
4.5.5.2 Frame acknowledgment
4.5.5.3 Data verification
4.6 Security
4.7 Concept of primitives
5. MAC protocol specification
5.1 MAC functional description
5.1.1 Channel access
5.1.1.1 Superframe structure
5.1.1.2 Interframe spacing (IFS)
5.1.1.3 Random access algorithm
5.1.2 Starting a VPAN
5.1.2.1 Scanning through channels
5.1.2.2 VPAN initiation
5.1.2.3 Beacon generation
5.1.2.4 Device discovery
5.1.2.5 Guard and aggregation color channels
5.1.3 Maintaining VPANs
5.1.3.1 Detection
5.1.3.2 Resolution
5.1.3.3 Realigning a VPAN
5.1.3.4 Realignment in a VPAN
5.1.3.5 Updating superframe configuration and channel PIB attributes
5.1.4 Association and disassociation
5.1.4.1 Association
5.1.4.2 Disassociation
5.1.5 Synchronization
5.1.5.1 Synchronization with beacons
5.1.5.2 Synchronization without beacons
5.1.6 Transaction handling
5.1.7 Transmission, reception, and acknowledgment
5.1.7.1 Transmission
5.1.7.2 Reception and rejection
5.1.7.3 Extracting pending data from a coordinator
5.1.7.4 Use of acknowledgments and retransmissions
5.1.7.5 Transmission scenarios
5.1.8 GTS allocation and management
5.1.8.1 CAP maintenance
5.1.8.2 GTS allocation
5.1.8.3 GTS usage
5.1.8.4 GTS deallocation
5.1.8.5 GTS reallocation
5.1.8.6 GTS expiration
5.1.9 Fast link recovery
5.1.10 Multiple channel resource assignment
5.1.10.1 Multiple channel information
5.1.10.2 Band hopping for interference avoidance
5.1.11 VLC cell design and mobility support
5.1.11.1 Mobility using boundary information
5.1.11.2 Cell configuration during superframe
5.1.11.3 Cell size and location search procedure
5.1.12 Color function support
5.1.12.1 CVD frame usage for MAC state indication
5.1.12.2 CVD frame usage for acknowledgment indication
5.1.12.3 CVD frame usage for channel quality indication
5.1.12.4 CVD frame usage for file-transfer status indication
5.1.12.5 Generic color assignment mechanism
5.1.13 Color stabilization
5.1.14 Visibility and dimming support
5.1.14.1 Visibility pattern
5.1.14.2 Extended preamble mode for visibility
5.1.14.3 Transmitting visibility pattern during uplink for star topology mode
5.1.14.4 Dimming override capability
5.1.14.5 PWM signal override
5.1.14.6 MAC layer transmission adjustment for dimming
5.1.14.7 Device discovery and association in the presence of dimming and visibility
5.1.14.8 Link adaptation for dimming support
5.2 MAC frame formats
5.2.1 General MAC frame format
5.2.1.1 Frame control field
5.2.1.2 Sequence Number field
5.2.1.3 Destination VPAN Identifier field
5.2.1.4 Destination Address field
5.2.1.5 Source VPAN Identifier field
5.2.1.6 Source Address field
5.2.1.7 Auxiliary Security Header field
5.2.1.8 Frame Payload field
5.2.1.9 FCS field
5.2.2 Format of individual frame types
5.2.2.1 Beacon frame format
5.2.2.2 Data frame format
5.2.2.3 Acknowledgment frame format
5.2.2.4 Command frame format
5.2.2.5 CVD frame format
5.3 MAC command frames
5.3.1 Association request command
5.3.2 Association response command
5.3.3 Disassociation notification command
5.3.4 Data request command
5.3.5 VPAN ID conflict notification command
5.3.6 Beacon request command
5.3.7 Coordinator realignment command
5.3.8 GTS request command
5.3.9 Blinking notif ication command
5.3.10 Dimming notification command
5.3.11 Fast link recovery command
5.3.12 Mobility notification command
5.3.13 GTS response command
5.3.14 Clock rate change notification command
5.3.15 Multiple channel assignment command
5.3.16 Color stabilization timer notification command
5.3.17 Color stabilization information command
5.3.18 CVD disable command
5.3.19 Information element command
6. MAC sublayer service specification
6.1 Overview
6.2 MAC data service
6.2.1 MCPS-DATA.request
6.2.1.1 Appropriate usage
6.2.1.2 Effect on receipt
6.2.2 MCPS-DATA.confirm
6.2.2.1 When generated
6.2.2.2 Appropriate usage
6.2.3 MCPS-DATA.indication
6.2.3.1 When generated
6.2.3.2 Appropriate usage
6.2.4 MCPS-PURGE.request
6.2.4.1 Appropriate usage
6.2.4.2 Effect on receipt
6.2.5 MCPS-PURGE.confirm
6.2.5.1 When generated
6.2.5.2 Appropriate usage
6.2.6 Data service message sequence chart
6.3 MAC management service
6.3.1 Association primitives
6.3.1.1 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request
6.3.1.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication
6.3.1.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response
6.3.1.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm
6.3.1.5 Association-message sequence charts
6.3.2 Disassociation primitives
6.3.2.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request
6.3.2.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication
6.3.2.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm
6.3.2.4 Disassociation-message sequence charts
6.3.3 Beacon notification primitive
6.3.3.1 MLME-BEACON-NOTIFY.indication
6.3.4 Primitives for reading PIB attributes
6.3.4.1 MLME-GET.request
6.3.4.2 MLME-GET.confirm
6.3.5 GTS management primitives
6.3.5.1 MLME-GTS.request
6.3.5.2 MLME-GTS.indication
6.3.5.3 MLME-GTS.confirm
6.3.5.4 GTS management message sequence charts
6.3.6 Primitives for resetting the MAC sublayer
6.3.6.1 MLME-RESET.request
6.3.6.2 MLME-RESET.confirm
6.3.7 Primitives for specifying the receiver enable time
6.3.7.1 MLME-RX-ENABLE.request
6.3.7.2 MLME-RX-ENABLE.confirm
6.3.7.3 Message sequence chart for changing the state of the receiver
6.3.8 Primitives for channel scanning
6.3.8.1 MLME-SCAN.request
6.3.8.2 MLME-SCAN.confirm
6.3.8.3 Channel scan message sequence charts
6.3.9 Communication status primitive
6.3.9.1 MLME-COMM-STATUS.indication
6.3.10 Primitives for writing PIB attributes
6.3.10.1 MLME-SET.request
6.3.10.2 MLME-SET.confirm
6.3.11 Primitives for updating the superframe configuration
6.3.11.1 MLME-START.request
6.3.11.2 MLME-START.confirm
6.3.11.3 Message sequence chart for updating the superframe configuration
6.3.12 Primitive for synchronizing with a coordinator
6.3.12.1 MLME-SYNC.request
6.3.13 Primitive for synchronization loss with a coordinator
6.3.13.1 MLME-SYNC-LOSS.indication
6.3.13.2 Message sequence chart for synchronizing with a coordinator
6.3.14 Primitives for requesting data from a coordinator
6.3.14.1 MLME-POLL.request
6.3.14.2 MLME-POLL.confirm
6.3.14.3 Message sequence chart for requesting data from a coordinator
6.4 MAC constants and PIB attributes
6.4.1 MAC constants
6.4.2 MAC PIB attributes
6.5 Optical-clock-rate selection
6.5.1 Optical-clock-rate selection for P2P topology
6.5.1.1 Explicit notification
6.5.1.2 Without explicit notification
6.5.2 Optical-clock-rate selection for star topology
6.5.2.1 Explicit notification
6.5.2.2 Without explicit notification
6.5.3 Clock-rate selection for multicast topology
6.5.3.1 Explicit notification
6.5.3.2 Without explicit notification
6.6 Message sequence charts illustrating MAC-PHY interaction
7. Security suite specifications
7.1 Overview
7.2 Functional description
7.2.1 Outgoing frame security procedure
7.2.2 Outgoing frame key retrieval procedure
7.2.3 Incoming frame security procedure
7.2.4 Incoming frame security material retrieval procedure
7.2.5 Key descriptor lookup procedure
7.2.6 Blacklist checking procedure
7.2.7 Device descriptor lookup procedure
7.2.8 Incoming security level checking procedure
7.2.9 Incoming key usage policy checking procedure
7.3 Security operations
7.3.1 Integer and octet representation
7.3.2 CCM* nonce
7.3.3 CCM* prerequisites
7.3.4 CCM* transformation data representation
7.3.4.1 Key and nonce data inputs
7.3.4.2 a data and m data
7.3.4.3 c data output
7.3.5 CCM* inverse transformation data representation
7.3.5.1 Key and nonce data inputs
7.3.5.2 c data and a data
7.3.5.3 m data output
7.4 Auxiliary Security header
7.4.1 Integer and octet representation
7.4.2 Security Control field
7.4.2.1 Security Level subfield
7.4.2.2 Key Identifier Mode subfield
7.4.3 Frame Counter field
7.4.4 Key Identifier field
7.4.4.1 Key Source subfield
7.4.4.2 Key Index subfield
7.5 Security-related MAC PIB attributes
7.5.1 PIB security material
7.5.2 Key table
7.5.3 Device table
7.5.4 Minimum security level table
7.5.5 Frame counter
7.5.6 Automatic request attributes
7.5.7 Default key source
7.5.8 Coordinator address
8. PHY layer specification
8.1 Overview
8.2 Operating modes
8.3 General requirements
8.3.1 Wavelength band plan
8.3.2 Optical mapping
8.3.3 Maximum error tolerance for multiple optical sources
8.3.4 Minimum LIFS, SIFS, and RIFS periods
8.3.5 TX-to-RX turnaround time
8.3.6 RX-to-TX turnaround time
8.3.7 Transmit data clock frequency tolerance
8.3.8 Wavelength quality indicator (WQI)
8.3.8.1 OOK and VPPM WQI support
8.3.8.2 CSK wavelength quality indication support
8.3.9 Clear channel assessment (CCA)
8.4 Data modes
8.5 Dimming and flicker mitigation
8.5.1 Dimming during idle time
8.5.1.1 Idle pattern and compensation time dimming
8.5.1.2 Visibility pattern dimming
8.5.2 Dimming during data transmission time
8.5.2.1 CSK-mode dimming
8.5.2.2 OOK-mode dimming
8.5.2.3 VPPM-mode dimming
8.5.3 Flicker mitigation
8.5.4 CSK color stabilization at the transmitter
8.6 PPDU format
8.6.1 Preamble field
8.6.2 PHY header
8.6.2.1 Burst mode
8.6.2.2 Channel number
8.6.2.3 MCS ID
8.6.2.4 Length of PSDU field
8.6.2.5 Dimmed OOK extension
8.6.3 Header check sequence (HCS)
8.6.4 Optional fields
8.6.4.1 Tail bits
8.6.4.2 Compensation length
8.6.4.3 Resync length
8.6.4.4 Subframe length and generation
8.6.4.5 Optional field check sequence generation
8.6.4.6 Channel estimation sequence
8.6.5 PSDU field
9. PHY service specifications
9.1 Overview
9.2 PHY management service
9.2.1 PLME-CCA.request
9.2.1.1 When generated
9.2.1.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.2 PLME-CCA.confirm
9.2.2.1 When generated
9.2.2.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.3 PLME-GET.request
9.2.3.1 Appropriate usage
9.2.3.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.4 PLME-GET.confirm
9.2.4.1 When generated
9.2.4.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.5 PLME-SET.request
9.2.5.1 When generated
9.2.5.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.6 PLME-SET.confirm
9.2.6.1 When generated
9.2.6.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.7 PLME-SET-TRX-STATE.request
9.2.7.1 When generated
9.2.7.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.8 PLME-SET-TRX-STATE.confirm
9.2.8.1 When generated
9.2.8.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.9 PLME-SWITCH.request
9.2.9.1 When generated
9.2.9.2 Effect on receipt
9.2.10 PLME-SWITCH.confirm
9.2.10.1 When generated
9.2.10.2 Effect on receipt
9.3 PHY data service
9.3.1 PD-DATA.request
9.3.1.1 When generated
9.3.1.2 Effect on receipt
9.3.2 PD-DATA.confirm
9.3.2.1 When generated
9.3.2.2 Effect on receipt
9.3.3 PD-DATA.indication
9.3.3.1 When generated
9.3.3.2 Effect on receipt
9.4 PHY enumeration description
9.5 PHY constants and PIB attributes
9.5.1 PHY constants
9.5.2 PHY PIB attributes
10. PHY I specifications
10.1 Reference modulator diagram
10.2 Outer forward error correction encoder
10.3 Interleaving and puncturing block
10.4 Inner forward error correction encoder
10.4.1 Rate-1/4 code
10.4.2 Rate-1/3 code
10.4.3 Rate-2/3 code
10.5 Run-length limiting encoder
10.5.1 4B6B encoding for VPPM modes
10.5.2 Manchester encoding for OOK mode
10.6 Data mapping for VPPM
11. PHY II specifications
11.1 Reference modulator diagram
11.2 Forward error correction encoder
11.3 Run-length limiting encoder
11.4 Data mapping for VPPM
12. PHY III specifications
12.1 Reference modulator diagram
12.2 Scrambler
12.3 Channel encoder
12.4 CSK constellation overview
12.5 CSK constellation design rules
12.5.1 Design rule for 4-CSK
12.5.2 Design rule for 8-CSK
12.5.3 Design rule for 16-CSK
12.6 Data mapping for CSK
12.7 Valid color band combinations
12.8 CSK color mapping
12.9 CSK calibration at the receiver
Annex A (informative) Bibliography
Annex B (normative) Service-specific convergence sublayer (SSCS)
Annex C (normative) Cyclic redundancy check
Annex D (normative) Channel assignment
Annex E (informative) Considerations for VLC using LED displays
Annex F (informative) Receiver performance variation on multi-color channels
IEEE Standard for
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical
Communication Using Visible Light
IEEE Computer Society
S
ponsored by the
AN/MAN Standards Committee
L
IEEE
3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5997
USA
6 September 2011
IEEE Std 802.15.7™Ǧ2011
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IEEE Std 802.15.7™-2011
IEEE Standard for
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical
Communication Using Visible Light
Sponsor
LAN/MAN Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Approved 16 June 2011
IEEE-SA Standards Board
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Abstract: A PHY and a MAC layer for short-range optical wireless communications using visible
light in optically transparent media are defined. The visible light spectrum extends from 380 nm to
780 nm in wavelength. The standard is capable of delivering data rates sufficient to support audio
and video multimedia services and also considers mobility of the visible link, compatibility with
visible-light infrastructures, impairments due to noise and interference from sources like ambient
light and a MAC layer that accommodates visible links. The standard adheres to applicable eye
safety regulations.
Keywords: IEEE 802.15.7, laser diode, LD, LED, light-emitting diode, short-range optical wireless
communications, visible light, visible-light communication, VLC
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
Copyright © 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 6 September 2011. Printed in the United States of America.
IEEE and 802 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Incorporated.
PDF:
Print:
ISBN 978-0-7381-6665-0 STD97117
ISBN 978-0-7381-6666-7 STDPD97117
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Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.15.7-2011, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—
Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication using Visible Light.
Visible-light communication (VLC) transmits data by intensity modulating optical sources, such as light-
emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs), faster than the persistence of the human eye. VLC merges
lighting and data communications in applications such as area lighting, signboards, streetlights, vehicles,
traffic signals, and status indicators. This standard describes the use of VLC for wireless personal area
networks (WPAN) and covers topics such as network topologies, addressing, collision avoidance,
acknowledgement, performance quality indication, dimming support, visibility support, colored status
indication and color-stabilization.
Notice to users
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Participants
At the time this amendment was submitted to the IEEE-SA for approval, the IEEE P802.15.7 Working
Group had the following membership:
Robert F. Heile, Chair
Rick Alfvin, Co-Vice Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Co-Vice Chair and Secretary
James P. K. Gilb, Working Group Technical Editor
Eun Tae Won, IEEE 802.15.7 Chair
Clint Chaplin, IEEE 802.15.7 Vice Chair
Richard D. Roberts, IEEE 802.15.7 Technical Editor
Sridhar Rajagopal, IEEE 802.15.7 Assistant Editor
Emad Afifi
Gahng-Seop Ahn
Roberto Aiello
Richard Alfvin
Takamasa Asano
Arthur Astrin
Taehan Bae
Michael Bahr
John Barr
Anuj Batra
Tuncer Baykas
Philip Beecher
Ghulam Bhatti
Gary Birk
Mathew Boytim
Peter Bradley
Nancy Bravin
David Britz
Monique Brown
Sverre Brubk
Brian Buchanan
John Buffington
Kiran Bynam
Brent Cain
Edgar Callaway
Chris Calvert
Radhakrishna Canchi
Ruben Cardozo
Russell Chandler
Kuor-Hsin Chang
Soo-Young Chang
Clint Chaplin
Hind Chebbo
Chang-Soon Choi
In-Kyeong Choi
Sangsung Choi
Ciaran Connell
David Cypher
Matthew Dahl
David Davenport
Mark Dawkins
Hendricus De Ruijter
Gang Ding
Paul Dixon
Igor Dotlic
Michael Dow
Dietmar Eggert
David Evans
Charles Farlow
John Farserotu
Kory Fifield
Will Filippo
Jeffrey Fischbeck
Michael Fischer
George Flammer
Ryosuke Fujiwara
Noriyasu Fukatsu
Kiyoshi Fukui
John Geiger
James Gilb
Gregory Gillooly
Tim Godfrey
Paul Gorday
Elad Gottlib
Robert Hall
Shinsuke Hara
Hiroshi Harada
Timothy Harrington
Robert Heile
Rodney Hemminger
Marco Hernandez
Ryoichi Higashi
Garth Hillman
Jin-Meng Ho
Wei Hong
Srinath Hosur
David Howard
Jung-Hwan Hwang
Ichirou Ida
Akio Iso
Adrian Jennings
Wuncheol Jeong
Jorjeta Jetcheva
Steven Jillings
Seong-Soon Joo
Tae-Gyu Kang
Shuzo Kato
Tatsuya Kato
Jeritt Kent
Prithpal Khakuria
Dae Ho Kim
Dong-Sun Kim
Yunjoo Kim
Jeffrey King
Patrick Kinney
Ryuji Kohno
Fumihide Kojima
Bruce Kraemer
Raymond Krasinski
Thomas Kuerner
Masahiro Kuroda
John Lampe
Zhou Lan
Khanh Le
Cheolhyo Lee
Hyungsoo Lee
Myung Lee
Yuro Lee
Daniel Lewis
Huan-Bang Li
Liang Li
Sang-Kyu Lim
Jeremy Link
Lu Liru
Michael Lynch
Robert Mason
Tomokuni Matsumura
Jeff McCullough
Michael McGillan
Michael McInnis
Michael McLaughlin
Charles Millet
Dino Miniutti
Siamak Mirnezami
Rishi Mohindra
Emmanuel Monnerie
Robert Moskowitz
Hamilton Moy
Peter Murray
Theodore Myers
Ken Naganuma
Chiu Ngo
Paul Nikolich
Jong-Ee Oh
David Olson
Okundu Omeni
vi
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