Android Application Development.pdf

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Table of Contents

Preface

Audience

How This Book Is Organized

Conventions Used in This Book

Using Code Examples

Safari® Books Online

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

Rick Rogers

John Lombardo

Zigurd Mednieks

Blake Meike

Part I. Development Kit Walk-Through

Chapter 1. Getting to Know Android

Why Android?

The Open Handset Alliance

The Android Execution Environment

Components of an Android Application

Android Activity Lifecycle

Android Service Lifecycle

How This Book Fits Together

Chapter 2. Setting Up Your Android Development Environment

Setting Up Your Development Environment

Creating an Android Development Environment

Hello, Android

Where We’re Going

Starting a New Android Application: HelloWorld

Writing HelloWorld

Running HelloWorld

Chapter 3. Using the Android Development Environment for Real Applications

MicroJobs: This Book’s Main Sample Application

Android and Social Networking

Downloading the MJAndroid Code

A Brief Tour of the MJAndroid Code

The Project Root Folder (MJAndroid)

The Source Folder (src)

The Resource Folder (res)

First Steps: Building and Running the MicroJobs Application

A Very Short Tour of the Android SDK/Eclipse IDE

Loading and Starting the Application

Digging a Little Deeper: What Can Go Wrong?

Running an Application on the T-Mobile Phone

Enable USB debugging on your phone

Load the USB driver for ADB

Connecting the phone

Running MicroJobs on the phone

Summary

Chapter 4. Under the Covers: Startup Code and Resources in the MJAndroid Application

Initialization Parameters in AndroidManifest.xml

Initialization in MicroJobs.java

More Initialization of MicroJobs.java

Summary

Chapter 5. Debugging Android Applications

The Tools

Eclipse Java Editor

Java Errors

The Debugger

Logcat

Looking at logcat to solve runtime errors

Writing your own logcat entries

Android Debug Bridge (adb)

DDMS: Dalvik Debug Monitor Service

Traceview

Trace data collection

Summary

Chapter 6. The ApiDemos Application

Application Setup in the Manifest File

Finding the Source to an Interesting Example

Custom Title Demo

Linkify Demo

Adding Your Own Examples to ApiDemos

Chapter 7. Signing and Publishing Your Application

Test Your Application

Attach an End User License Agreement If Desired

Create and Attach an Icon and Label

Clean Up for Release

Version Your Application

Obtaining a Signing Certificate and API Key

Getting a Signing Certificate for an Application You Are Going to Ship

Generating a key pair (public and private keys) and a signing certificate

Getting a Signing Certificate While Debugging

Getting the MD5 fingerprint of your Debug signing certificate

Getting a Map API Key from Google

Signing Your Application

Retesting Your Application

Publishing on Android Market

Signing Up As an Android Developer

Uploading Your Application

Part II. Programming Topics

Chapter 8. Persistent Data Storage: SQLite Databases and Content Providers

Databases

Basic Structure of the MicroJobsDatabase Class

Reading Data from the Database

Modifying the Database

Inserting data into the database

Updating data already in the database

Deleting data in the database

Content Providers

Introducing NotePad

Activities

Database

Structure of the source code

Content Providers

Implementing a content provider

Consuming a Content Provider

Create data (insert)

Read/query data

Update data

Delete data

Chapter 9. Location and Mapping

Location-Based Services

Mapping

The Google Maps Activity

The MapView and MapActivity

Working with MapViews

MapView and MyLocationOverlay Initialization

Pausing and Resuming a MapActivity

Controlling the Map with Menu Buttons

Controlling the Map with the KeyPad

Location Without Maps

The Manifest and Layout Files

Connecting to a Location Provider and Getting Location Updates

Updating the Emulated Location

Using geo to update location

Using DDMS to update location

Chapter 10. Building a View

Android GUI Architecture

The Model

The View

The Controller

Putting It Together

Assembling a Graphical Interface

Wiring Up the Controller

Listening to the Model

Listening for Touch Events

Listening for Key Events

Alternative Ways to Handle Events

Advanced Wiring: Focus and Threading

The Menu

Chapter 11. A Widget Bestiary

Android Views

TextView and EditText

Button and ImageButton

Adapters and AdapterViews

CheckBoxes, RadioButtons, and Spinners

ViewGroups

Gallery and GridView

ListView and ListActivity

ScrollView

TabHost

Layouts

Frame Layout

LinearLayout

TableLayout

AbsoluteLayout

RelativeLayout

Chapter 12. Drawing 2D and 3D Graphics

Rolling Your Own Widgets

Layout

Measurement

Arrangement

Canvas Drawing

Drawing text

Matrix transformations

Drawables

Bitmaps

Bling

Shadows, Gradients, and Filters

Animation

Transition animation

Background animation

Surface view animation

OpenGL Graphics

Chapter 13. Inter-Process Communication

Intents: Simple, Low-Overhead IPC

Intent Objects Used in Inter-Process Communication

Activity Objects and Navigating the User Interface Hierarchy

Example: An Intent to Pick How We Say “Hello World”

Getting a Result via Inter-Process Communication

Remote Methods and AIDL

Android Interface Definition Language

Classes Underlying AIDL-Generated Interfaces

Implementing the Stub interface

Getting an instance of the remote Proxy object

Publishing an Interface

Android IPC Compared with Java Native Interface (JNI)

What Binder Doesn’t Do

Binder and Linux

Chapter 14. Simple Phone Calls

Quick and Easy Phone Calls

Creating an Example Application to Run the call Method

Embedding the Code Snippet in a Simple Application

Exploring the Phone Code Through the Debugger

Creating an Instance of an Intent

Adding Data to an Instance of an Intent

Initiating a Phone Call

Exception Handling

Android Application-Level Modularity and Telephony

Chapter 15. Telephony State Information and Android Telephony Classes

Operations Offered by the android.telephony Package

Package Summary

Limitations on What Applications Can Do with the Phone

Example: Determining the State of a Call

Android Telephony Internals

Inter-Process Communication and AIDL in the android.internal.telephony Package

The android.internal.telephony Package

The android.internal.telephony.gsm Package

Exploring Android Telephony Internals

Android and VoIP

Appendix. Wireless Protocols

Prehistory

The Dawn of Second Generation (2G) Digital Cellular

Improved Digital Cellular (2.5G)

The Rise of 3G

The Future: 4G

Index

Android Application Development Rick Rogers, John Lombardo, Zigurd Mednieks, and Blake Meike Beijing•Cambridge•Farnham•Köln•Sebastopol•Taipei•Tokyo

Android Application Development by Rick Rogers, John Lombardo, Zigurd Mednieks, and Blake Meike Copyright © 2009 Rick Rogers, John Lombardo, Zigurd Mednieks, and Blake Meike. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://mysafaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editor: Andy Oram Production Editor: Sumita Mukherji Copyeditor: Genevieve d’Entremont Proofreader: Sada Preisch Printing History: May 2009: First Edition. Joe Wizda Indexer: Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Robert Romano Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Android Application Development, the image of an Eastern quoll and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con- tained herein. This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. ISBN: 978-0-596-52147-9 [M] 1241533714 TM

Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Part I. Development Kit Walk-Through 1. Getting to Know Android . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 10 Why Android? The Open Handset Alliance The Android Execution Environment Components of an Android Application Android Activity Lifecycle Android Service Lifecycle How This Book Fits Together Setting Up Your Development Environment Hello, Android Creating an Android Development Environment 2. Setting Up Your Android Development Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13 14 18 18 18 22 24 Where We’re Going Starting a New Android Application: HelloWorld Writing HelloWorld Running HelloWorld MicroJobs: This Book’s Main Sample Application Android and Social Networking Downloading the MJAndroid Code A Brief Tour of the MJAndroid Code 3. Using the Android Development Environment for Real Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 27 27 30 30 30 31 32 33 The Project Root Folder (MJAndroid) The Source Folder (src) The Resource Folder (res) First Steps: Building and Running the MicroJobs Application iii

A Very Short Tour of the Android SDK/Eclipse IDE Loading and Starting the Application Digging a Little Deeper: What Can Go Wrong? Running an Application on the T-Mobile Phone Summary 33 35 36 39 41 Initialization Parameters in AndroidManifest.xml Initialization in MicroJobs.java 4. Under the Covers: Startup Code and Resources in the MJAndroid Application . . . . 43 44 46 52 56 More Initialization of MicroJobs.java Summary The Tools Eclipse Java Editor 5. Debugging Android Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 57 58 58 64 67 71 74 75 80 Java Errors The Debugger Logcat Android Debug Bridge (adb) DDMS: Dalvik Debug Monitor Service Traceview Summary Application Setup in the Manifest File Finding the Source to an Interesting Example 6. The ApiDemos Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 81 83 83 84 84 Adding Your Own Examples to ApiDemos Custom Title Demo Linkify Demo Test Your Application Attach an End User License Agreement If Desired Create and Attach an Icon and Label Clean Up for Release Version Your Application Obtaining a Signing Certificate and API Key 7. Signing and Publishing Your Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 88 89 89 90 90 90 91 93 95 96 96 96 Getting a Signing Certificate for an Application You Are Going to Ship Getting a Signing Certificate While Debugging Signing Your Application Retesting Your Application Publishing on Android Market Signing Up As an Android Developer iv | Table of Contents

Uploading Your Application 96 Part II. Programming Topics Databases Basic Structure of the MicroJobsDatabase Class Reading Data from the Database Modifying the Database 8. Persistent Data Storage: SQLite Databases and Content Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 101 102 107 110 114 116 118 129 Introducing NotePad Content Providers Consuming a Content Provider Content Providers 9. Location and Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 137 Location-Based Services 139 Mapping 139 The Google Maps Activity 140 The MapView and MapActivity Working with MapViews 140 141 144 145 147 148 148 149 152 The Manifest and Layout Files Connecting to a Location Provider and Getting Location Updates Updating the Emulated Location MapView and MyLocationOverlay Initialization Pausing and Resuming a MapActivity Controlling the Map with Menu Buttons Controlling the Map with the KeyPad Location Without Maps Android GUI Architecture The Model The View The Controller Putting It Together 10. Building a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 157 157 158 159 159 161 166 168 173 176 177 179 Assembling a Graphical Interface Wiring Up the Controller Listening to the Model Listening for Touch Events Listening for Key Events Alternative Ways to Handle Events Advanced Wiring: Focus and Threading Table of Contents | v

The Menu 183 ViewGroups Android Views TextView and EditText Button and ImageButton Adapters and AdapterViews CheckBoxes, RadioButtons, and Spinners 11. A Widget Bestiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 188 188 191 192 193 198 198 202 204 205 208 209 209 213 215 216 Gallery and GridView ListView and ListActivity ScrollView TabHost Frame Layout LinearLayout TableLayout AbsoluteLayout RelativeLayout Layouts Rolling Your Own Widgets Layout Canvas Drawing Drawables Bitmaps 12. Drawing 2D and 3D Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 221 222 226 237 242 243 246 247 252 Shadows, Gradients, and Filters Animation OpenGL Graphics Bling 13. Intent Objects Used in Inter-Process Communication Activity Objects and Navigating the User Interface Hierarchy Example: An Intent to Pick How We Say “Hello World” Getting a Result via Inter-Process Communication Inter-Process Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 258 Intents: Simple, Low-Overhead IPC 258 259 259 262 265 266 270 273 274 275 Android Interface Definition Language Classes Underlying AIDL-Generated Interfaces Publishing an Interface Android IPC Compared with Java Native Interface (JNI) What Binder Doesn’t Do Remote Methods and AIDL vi | Table of Contents

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