wasp使用说明文档.pdf

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Getting Started with WAsP 9 Niels G. Mortensen, Duncan N. Heathfield, Lisbeth Myllerup, Lars Landberg and Ole Rathmann Risø-I-2571(EN) Risø National Laboratory Technical University of Denmark Roskilde, Denmark June 2007

Author: Niels G. Mortensen, Duncan N. Heathfield, Lisbeth Myllerup, Lars Landberg and Ole Rathmann Title: Getting Started with WAsP 9 Department: Wind Energy Abstract (max. 2000 char.): The Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) is a PC-program for horizontal and vertical extrapolation of wind data. The program contains a complete set of models to calculate the effects on the wind of sheltering obstacles, surface roughness changes and terrain height variations. The analysis part consists of a transformation of an observed wind climate (speed and direction distributions) to a wind atlas data set. The wind atlas data set can subsequently be applied for estimation of the wind climate and wind power potential, as well as for siting of specific wind turbines. The WAsP 9 Help Facility includes a Quick Start Tutorial, a User's Guide and a Technical Reference. It further includes brief descriptions of and links to the Observed Wind Climate Wizard, the WAsP Climate Analyst tool, the WAsP Map Editor tool, the WAsP Turbine Editor tool, the Air Density Calculator and various scripting tools. This report consists of edited excerpts from the electronic version of the WAsP 9 help facility: Mortensen, N.G., D.N. Heathfield, L. Myllerup, L. Landberg and O. Rathmann (2007). Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program: WAsP 9 Help Facility. Risø National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark. 353 topics. ISBN 978-87-550-3607-9. Printed in Denmark by Schultz Grafisk, 2007 Risø-I-2571(EN) June 2007 Contract no.: n/a Groups own reg. no.: 1130 600-1 Sponsorship: n/a Cover: Wind turbines close to Viscaria, Kiruna, Sweden. Photo by Gunnar Britse, www.Windpowerphotos.com Pages: 70 Tables: 0 References: 0 Information Service Department Risø National Laboratory Technical University of Denmark P.O. Box 49 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Telephone +45 46774004 bibl@risoe.dk Fax +45 46774013 www.risoe.dk

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 Welcome ............................................................................................................................ 1 What is WAsP? ................................................................................................................... 1 The installation disk ............................................................................................................ 3 System requirements.......................................................................................................... 3 Installing WAsP 9 ............................................................................................................... 3 Upgrading from WAsP version 8 ........................................................................................... 4 Installation as an administrator ............................................................................................ 4 A note for WAsP Engineering users ....................................................................................... 4 WAsP 9 licencing................................................................................................................ 4 Installing the WAsP licence .................................................................................................. 4 Setting up dongle licencing on multiple computers.................................................................. 7 Problems which you might encounter .................................................................................... 7 Getting started... ................................................................................................................ 8 Keeping your installation up to date...................................................................................... 8 Trademarks and copyrights.................................................................................................. 8 What's new in WAsP 9?...................................................................................................... 8 System requirement changes............................................................................................... 8 New hierarchy member types............................................................................................... 8 Calculation behaviour.......................................................................................................... 9 Wind farms........................................................................................................................ 9 Resource grids ................................................................................................................... 9 Miscellaneous................................................................................................................... 10 Known issues ................................................................................................................... 10 Copyright and trademarks................................................................................................ 11 License Agreement........................................................................................................... 11 Copyright ........................................................................................................................ 11 License ........................................................................................................................... 11 i

Getting Started with WAsP 9 Confidentiality.................................................................................................................. 11 Distribution...................................................................................................................... 11 Limited warranty .............................................................................................................. 11 Limited liability................................................................................................................. 11 Applicable law .................................................................................................................. 12 Disputes.......................................................................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 12 WASP HELP FACILITY ......................................................................................................... 13 The WAsP help facility...................................................................................................... 13 WebHelp ......................................................................................................................... 13 Context-sensitive help ..................................................................................................... 13 Complete on-line documentation...................................................................................... 14 Plan for future editions .................................................................................................... 14 Bibliographical reference ................................................................................................. 15 QUICK START TUTORIAL ..................................................................................................... 17 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 17 The GUI essentials ........................................................................................................... 17 Just the basics... .............................................................................................................. 17 Opening a new WAsP workspace ........................................................................................ 17 Working with the workspace hierarchy ................................................................................ 18 Saving the workspace and members ................................................................................... 21 A step-by-step example ................................................................................................... 22 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 22 The situation.................................................................................................................... 22 Working with WAsP to provide a prediction .......................................................................... 23 Calculating the wind atlas.................................................................................................. 23 Estimating wind power ...................................................................................................... 26 Estimating wind farm production ........................................................................................ 29 Mapping the wind resource ................................................................................................ 32 There's a lot more to learn... ............................................................................................ 37 ii

Table of Contents Sample data and workspaces ........................................................................................... 38 Sample workspace #1: Waspdale ....................................................................................... 38 Sample workspace #2: Windfarm....................................................................................... 39 Sample workspace #3: ResourceGrid.................................................................................. 39 WASP USER'S GUIDE........................................................................................................... 41 The WAsP user interface .................................................................................................. 41 Overview of the WAsP user interface................................................................................... 41 Use the right-hand mouse button! ...................................................................................... 41 Menu and toolbars ............................................................................................................ 42 WAsP workspaces............................................................................................................. 43 Working with workspaces .................................................................................................. 43 The workspace hierarchy ................................................................................................. 45 About the workspace hierarchy .......................................................................................... 45 What is a hierarchy member? ............................................................................................ 45 Introducing the hierarchy members .................................................................................... 46 Modelling with the hierarchy members ................................................................................ 48 Patterns of association ...................................................................................................... 49 Legitimate parent-child associations ................................................................................... 52 Associated members have the same number of sectors ......................................................... 53 Working with the hierarchy.............................................................................................. 54 Hierarchy members' methods............................................................................................. 54 Inserting members ........................................................................................................... 54 Moving members.............................................................................................................. 55 Removing members.......................................................................................................... 56 Saving members .............................................................................................................. 56 Members' properties ......................................................................................................... 56 Refreshing the workspace hierarchy display ......................................................................... 56 Function keys................................................................................................................... 57 Carrying on… ................................................................................................................... 57 MODELLING WITH WASP .................................................................................................... 59 iii

Getting Started with WAsP 9 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 59 Read on… ......................................................................................................................... 59 FEEDBACK AND SUPPORT.................................................................................................... 61 Reporting problems.......................................................................................................... 61 Don't hesitate .................................................................................................................. 61 Before you contact us… ..................................................................................................... 61 Reporting problems .......................................................................................................... 61 Making suggestions.......................................................................................................... 62 Contacting the WAsP team ............................................................................................... 62 OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES ......................................................................................... 63 Risø readings in wind power meteorology........................................................................ 63 Wind power meteorology in general .................................................................................... 63 Wind measurements ......................................................................................................... 63 WAsP and wind modelling .................................................................................................. 63 Wind atlases .................................................................................................................... 64 Short term prediction........................................................................................................ 64 On the Web ...................................................................................................................... 64 Wind atlases, wind data and wind characteristics.................................................................. 64 Topographical and elevation data ....................................................................................... 65 Wind turbine and rotor blade manufacturers ........................................................................ 65 WASP FORMS ...................................................................................................................... 66 iv

Introduction Welcome In 1987 the Wind Energy and Atmospheric Physics Department at Risø National Laboratory introduced WAsP – a powerful tool for wind data analysis, wind atlas generation, wind climate estimation, wind farm power production calculations and siting of wind turbines. Over the years, the program has become the industry standard for wind resource assessment and siting of wind turbines and wind farms and it has been employed in more than 100 countries around the world. A new release of this indispensable tool for everybody working with wind energy is now available – WAsP 9 for Windows 2000, XP and Vista. The program has been developed by the same team who worked out the Danish Windatlas, the European Wind Atlas, the Wind Atlases for Egypt and previous versions of the WAsP programs. The algorithms at the heart of the WAsP software have been tested and applied for more than 20 years in many different parts of the world. As time has passed, most of our efforts have been devoted to refining the WAsP algorithms and supporting the existing software. Meanwhile, user interface design standards have moved on. Many users (and prospective users) have indicated their desire for an updated user interface. WAsP for Windows was intended to meet these demands. WAsP is 100% 32-bit Windows software, which runs under Windows 2000, XP and higher. It conforms to standard Windows software user-interface conventions, making it easy to learn and easy to use. We recommend that you work through the Quick Start Tutorial – to see for yourself what WAsP 9 is all about. If you're already familiar with a previous version of WAsP, you may read here about the new features of version 9. As it says in the License Agreement and Copyright Statement, the WAsP software is provided 'as is' and 'does not represent a commitment on the part of Risø National Laboratory' etc. However, we are of course aware that the programs may contain errors, programming bugs and inconsistencies – especially with the introduction of this major upgrade. Therefore, we guarantee that we will do our best to check, maintain and correct the programs in the WAsP package, and that we'll make available or distribute corrected versions to registered users of the software. We wish you the best of luck with your wind projects and hope WAsP 9 can help you reach your goals. The WAsP Team @ Risø What is WAsP? WAsP is a PC-program for the vertical and horizontal extrapolation of wind climate statistics. It contains several models to describe the wind flow over different terrains and close to sheltering obstacles. Conceptually, WAsP consists of five main calculation blocks: Analysis of raw data. This option enables an analysis of any time-series of wind measurements to provide a statistical summary of the observed, site-specific wind climate. This part is implemented in separate software tools: the Observed Wind Climate (OWC) Wizard and the WAsP Climate Analyst. Generation of wind atlas data. Analyzed wind data can be converted into a regional wind climate or wind atlas data set. In a wind atlas data set the wind observations have been 'cleaned' with respect to site-specific conditions. The wind atlas data sets are site-independent and the wind distributions have been reduced to some standard conditions. Wind climate estimation. Using a wind atlas data set calculated by WAsP or one obtained from another source – e.g. the European Wind Atlas – the program can estimate the wind climate at any specific point by performing the inverse calculation as is used to generate a wind atlas. By introducing descriptions of the terrain around the predicted site, the models can predict the actual, expected wind climate at this site. Estimation of wind power potential. The total energy content of the mean wind is calculated by WAsP. Furthermore, an estimate of the actual, annual mean energy production of a wind turbine can be obtained by providing WAsP with the power curve of the wind turbine in question. 1

Getting Started with WAsP 9 Calculation of wind farm production. Given the thrust coefficient curve of the wind turbine and the wind farm layout, WAsP can finally estimate the wake losses for each turbine in a farm and thereby the net annual energy production of each wind turbine and of the entire farm, i.e. the gross production minus the wake losses. The program thus contains analysis and application parts, which may be summarised as follows: Analysis time-series of wind speed and direction —> observed wind climate (OWC) observed wind climate + met. station site description —> regional wind climate (RWC, wind atlas data sets) Application regional wind climate + site description —> predicted wind climate (PWC) predicted wind climate + power curve —> annual energy production (AEP) of wind turbine Wind farm production predicted wind climates + WTG characteristics —> gross annual energy production of wind farm predicted wind climates + WTG characteristics + wind farm layout —> wind farm wake losses gross annual energy productions + wake losses —> net annual energy production of wind farm The WAsP models and the wind atlas methodology are described in more detail in the European Wind Atlas. The figure to the right is a schematic presentation of the wind atlas methodology of WAsP. In the analysis part (up arrow), the meteorological models are used to calculate the regional wind climatology from the raw or observed wind data. In the reverse process — the application of wind atlas data (down arrow) — the wind climate at any specific site may be calculated from the regional climatology (Troen and Petersen, 1989). In general terms, accurate predictions using the WAsP program may be obtained (Bowen and Mortensen, 1996) provided: the reference site (meteorological station) and predicted site (wind turbine site or met. station) are subject to the same overall weather regime, the prevailing weather conditions are close to being neutrally stable, the reference wind data are reliable, the surrounding terrain (of both sites) is sufficiently gentle and smooth to ensure mostly attached flows, and the topographical model inputs are adequate and reliable. • • • • • 2

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