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Express.in.Action.2016.4.pdf

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    Front cover
    brief contents
    contents
    preface
    acknowledgments
    about this book
    Roadmap
    Code conventions
    Getting the source code
    Author Online
    About the author
    about the cover illustration
    Part 1—Intro
    1 What is Express?
    1.1 What is this Node.js business?
    1.2 What is Express?
    1.2.1 The functionality in Node.js
    1.2.2 What Express adds to Node.js
    1.3 Express’s minimal philosophy
    1.4 The core parts of Express
    1.4.1 Middleware
    1.4.2 Routing
    1.4.3 Subapplications
    1.4.4 Conveniences
    1.5 The ecosystem surrounding Express
    1.5.1 Express vs. other web application frameworks
    1.5.2 What Express is used for
    1.5.3 Third-party modules for Node.js and Express
    1.6 The obligatory Hello World
    1.7 Summary
    2 The basics of Node.js
    2.1 Installing Node
    2.1.1 Running your first Node script
    2.2 Using modules
    2.2.1 Requiring built-in modules
    2.2.2 Requiring third-party modules with package.json and npm
    2.2.3 Defining your own modules
    2.3 Node: an asynchronous world
    2.4 Building a web server with Node: the http module
    2.5 Summary
    3 Foundations of Express
    3.1 Middleware
    3.1.1 Hello World with Express
    3.1.2 How middleware works at a high level
    3.1.3 Middleware code that’s passive
    3.1.4 Middleware code that changes the request and response
    3.1.5 Third-party middleware libraries
    3.2 Routing
    3.3 Extending request and response
    3.4 Views
    3.5 Example: putting it all together in a guestbook
    3.5.1 Getting set up
    3.5.2 The main app code
    3.5.3 Creating the views
    3.5.4 Start it up
    3.6 Summary
    Part 2—Core
    4 Middleware
    4.1 Middleware and the middleware stack
    4.2 Example app: a static file server
    4.2.1 Getting set up
    4.2.2 Writing your first middleware function: the logger
    4.2.3 The static file server middleware
    4.2.4 404 handler middleware
    4.2.5 Switching your logger to an open source one: Morgan
    4.2.6 Switching to Express’s built-in static file middleware
    4.3 Error-handling middleware
    4.4 Other useful middleware
    4.5 Summary
    5 Routing
    5.1 What is routing?
    5.1.1 A simple routing example
    5.2 The features of routing
    5.2.1 Grabbing parameters to routes
    5.2.2 Using regular expressions to match routes
    5.2.3 Grabbing query arguments
    5.3 Using routers to split up your app
    5.4 Serving static files
    5.4.1 Static files with middleware
    5.4.2 Routing to static files
    5.5 Using Express with HTTPS
    5.6 Putting it all together: a simple routing demo
    5.6.1 Setting up
    5.6.2 The main app code
    5.6.3 The two views
    5.6.4 The application in action
    5.7 Summary
    6 Building APIs
    6.1 A basic JSON API example
    6.2 A simple Express-powered JSON API
    6.3 Create, read, update, delete APIs
    6.3.1 HTTP verbs (also known as HTTP methods)
    6.3.2 CRUD applications with HTTP methods
    6.4 API versioning
    6.5 Setting HTTP status codes
    6.5.1 Setting HTTP status codes
    6.5.2 The 100 range
    6.5.3 The 200 range
    6.5.4 The 300 range
    6.5.5 The 400 range
    6.5.6 The 500 range
    6.6 Summary
    7 Views and templates: Pug and EJS
    7.1 Express’s view features
    7.1.1 A simple view rendering
    7.1.2 A complicated view rendering
    7.1.3 Making all view engines compatible with Express: Consolidate.js
    7.2 Everything you need to know about EJS
    7.2.1 The syntax of EJS
    7.3 Everything you need to know about Pug
    7.3.1 The syntax of Pug
    7.3.2 Layouts in Pug
    7.3.3 Mixins in Pug
    7.4 Summary
    Part 3—Express in Context
    8 Persisting your data with MongoDB
    8.1 Why MongoDB?
    8.1.1 How Mongo works
    8.1.2 For you SQL users out there
    8.1.3 Setting up Mongo
    8.2 Talking to Mongo from Node with Mongoose
    8.2.1 Setting up your project
    8.2.2 Creating a user model
    8.2.3 Using your model
    8.3 Authenticating users with Passport
    8.3.1 Setting up Passport
    8.4 Summary
    9 Testing Express applications
    9.1 What is testing and why is it important?
    9.1.1 Test-driven development
    9.1.2 Cardinal rule: when in doubt, test
    9.2 Introducing the Mocha testing framework
    9.2.1 How does Node.js testing work?
    9.2.2 Setting up Mocha and the Chai assertion library
    9.2.3 What happens when you run your tests
    9.2.4 Writing your first test with Mocha and Chai
    9.2.5 Adding more tests
    9.2.6 More features of Mocha and Chai
    9.3 Testing Express servers with SuperTest
    9.3.1 Testing a simple API
    9.3.2 Filling in the code for your first tests
    9.3.3 Testing HTML responses
    9.4 Summary
    10 Security
    10.1 The security mindset
    10.2 Keeping your code as bug-free as possible
    10.2.1 Enforcing good JavaScript with JSHint
    10.2.2 Halting after errors happen in callbacks
    10.2.3 Perilous parsing of query strings
    10.3 Protecting your users
    10.3.1 Using HTTPS
    10.3.2 Preventing cross-site scripting attacks
    10.3.3 Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) prevention
    10.4 Keeping your dependencies safe
    10.4.1 Auditing the code
    10.4.2 Keeping your dependencies up to date
    10.4.3 Check against the Node Security Project
    10.5 Handling server crashes
    10.6 Various little tricks
    10.6.1 No Express here
    10.6.2 Preventing clickjacking
    10.6.3 Keeping Adobe products out of your site
    10.6.4 Don’t let browsers infer the file type
    10.7 Summary
    11 Deployment: assets and Heroku
    11.1 LESS, a more pleasant way to write CSS
    11.1.1 Variables
    11.1.2 Functions
    11.1.3 Mixins
    11.1.4 Nesting
    11.1.5 Includes
    11.1.6 Alternatives to LESS
    11.2 Using Browserify to require modules in the browser
    11.2.1 A simple Browserify example
    11.3 Using Grunt to compile, minify, and more
    11.3.1 Installing Grunt
    11.3.2 Compiling LESS with Grunt
    11.3.3 Using Browserify with Grunt
    11.3.4 Minifying the JavaScript with Grunt
    11.3.5 Using Grunt watch
    11.3.6 Other helpful Grunt tasks
    11.4 Using connect-assets to compile LESS and CoffeeScript
    11.4.1 Getting everything installed
    11.4.2 Setting up the middleware
    11.4.3 Linking to assets from views
    11.4.4 Concatenating scripts with directives
    11.5 Deploying to Heroku
    11.5.1 Getting Heroku set up
    11.5.2 Making a Heroku-ready app
    11.5.3 Deploying your first app
    11.5.4 Running Grunt on Heroku
    11.5.5 Making your server more crash resistant
    11.6 Summary
    12 Best practices
    12.1 Simplicity
    12.2 File structure pattern
    12.3 Locking down dependency versions
    12.3.1 The simple way: eschewing optimistic versioning
    12.3.2 The thorough way: npm’s shrinkwrap command
    12.3.3 Upgrading and adding dependencies
    12.4 Localized dependencies
    12.4.1 Invoking commands directly
    12.4.2 Executing commands from npm scripts
    12.5 Summary
    Appendix—Other helpful modules
    index
    Symbls
    Numerics
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F
    G
    H
    I
    J
    K
    L
    M
    N
    O
    P
    Q
    R
    S
    T
    U
    V
    W
    X
    Z
    Back cover
    M A N N I N G IN ACTION Writing, building, and testing Node.js applications Evan M. Hahn
    Express in Action Licensed to
    Licensed to
    Express in Action Writing, building, and testing Node.js applications EVAN M. HAHN M A N N I N G SHELTER ISLAND Licensed to
    For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. 20 Baldwin Road PO Box 761 Shelter Island, NY 11964 Email: orders@manning.com ©2016 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Recognizing also our responsibility to conserve the resources of our planet, Manning books are printed on paper that is at least 15 percent recycled and processed without the use of elemental chlorine. Manning Publications Co. 20 Baldwin Road PO Box 761 Shelter Island, NY 11964 Development editor: Dan Maharry Technical development editor: Deepak Vohra Copyeditor: Linda Recktenwald Proofreader: Elizabeth Martin Technical proofreader: Matthew Merkes Typesetter: Dennis Dalinnik Cover designer: Marija Tudor ISBN: 9781617292422 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – EBM – 21 20 19 18 17 16 Licensed to
    brief contents PART 1 INTRO ..........................................................................1 1 ■ What is Express? 3 2 ■ The basics of Node.js 18 3 ■ Foundations of Express 31 PART 2 CORE..........................................................................51 4 ■ Middleware 53 5 ■ Routing 70 6 ■ Building APIs 87 7 ■ Views and templates: Pug and EJS 104 PART 3 EXPRESS IN CONTEXT................................................117 8 ■ Persisting your data with MongoDB 119 9 ■ Testing Express applications 146 10 ■ Security 172 11 ■ Deployment: assets and Heroku 193 12 ■ Best practices 218 v Licensed to
    Licensed to
    contents xiii preface acknowledgments about this book about the cover illustration xix xiv xvi PART 1 INTRO...............................................................1 1 What is Express? 3 1.1 What is this Node.js business? 4 1.2 What is Express? 6 The functionality in Node.js 6 ■ What Express adds to Node.js 8 1.3 Express’s minimal philosophy 9 1.4 The core parts of Express 9 Middleware 10 ■ Routing 11 ■ Subapplications 11 Conveniences 12 1.5 The ecosystem surrounding Express 12 Express vs. other web application frameworks 12 ■ What Express is used for 14 ■ Third-party modules for Node.js and Express 14 1.6 The obligatory Hello World 16 1.7 Summary 16 vii Licensed to
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